scholarly journals Core Elements towards Circularity: Evidence from the European Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8742
Author(s):  
Olga Lingaitienė ◽  
Aurelija Burinskienė
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Principal Elements

In this paper, the authors identified key elements important for circularity. The primary goal of circularity is to eliminate waste and prove the constant use of resources. In the paper, we classified studies according to circular approaches and stated which of them get the highest attention. Further, we identified the principal elements, grouped them into four categories important for circularity, and presented scientific works dedicated to each of the above-mentioned categories. Further on, several core elements from the first category were investigated, aiming to connect different waste streams and provide a regression model. Finally, the methodological part reviewed the correlation between various types of waste and their recycling and selected suitable ones for developing a new panel regression model. The empirical research was delivered for the 27 European Union countries during the period between 2000 and 2019. We indicate that the recycling rate of municipal waste impacts the increase of recycling biowaste the same calendar year. The increase of recycling of municipal waste by one per cent means the increase of the recycling of biowaste by 0.6 per cent.

scholarly journals Core Elements Towards Circularity: Evidence From the European Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Lingaitienė ◽  
Aurelija Burinskienė
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Electrical Equipment ◽  
Spare Parts ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Electric Equipment ◽  
One Year ◽  
Dynamic Regression Model

In this paper, the authors identified key elements important for circularity: (1) Background: The primary goal of circularity is to eliminate waste and to prove the constant use of resources. In the paper, we classify studies according to circular approaches. The authors identified main elements and classified them into categories important for circularity, starting with the managing and reducing waste and the recovery of resources; and ending with the circularity of material, and general circularity-related topics and presented scientific works dedicated to each of the above-mentioned categories. The authors analyzed several core elements from the first category aiming to investigate and connect different waste streams and provided a regression model; (2) Methods: The authors used a dynamic regression model to identify relationships among variables and selected the ones, which has an impact on the increase of biowaste. The research was delivered for the 27 European Union countries during the period between 2020 and 2019; (3) Conclusions: The authors indicated that the recycling rate of wasted electrical equipment in the previous year has an impact on the increase of recycling biowaste next year. This is explained as non-metallic spare parts of electronic equipment are used as biowaste for fuel production. And the separation process of the composites of electric equipment takes some time, on average the effect is evident in one year period.

scholarly journals The objectives and legal instruments of Municipal Waste Management in the Slovak Republic

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Martin Dufala
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Municipal Waste Management ◽  
Per Capita

In particular, two types of data are important for assessing the state of waste management in each Member State of the European Union — first, the amount of the waste generated per capita annually and waste recovery rate, second, the rate of waste disposal in accordance with the waste hierarchy. The latest available statistics on the amount of waste generated per capita are for 2018. While the European Union average is 492 kg of municipal waste produced per capita for 2018, the Slovak Republic’s waste production is slightly less than that, with an average of 414 kg of municipal waste produced per capita for 2018. On the other hand, Denmark with 766 kg of municipal waste produced per capita annually is at the bottom of the European Union ranking. The Czech Republic with 351 kg and Poland with 329 kg of municipal waste produced per capita on the average annually for the same period are in better position than Slovak Republic. Another important data for the evaluation of the state of municipal waste management is the rate of recovery of municipal waste, alternatively — the municipal waste recycling rate. Within this scope, the Slovak Republic performs considerably worse, both regarding the waste management objectives and in comparison with the European Union average, or in comparison with remaining Member States. While the average recycling rate of municipal waste in the European Union was 47.0% in 2018, the Slovak Republic recycled only 36.3% of municipal waste in 2018. The situation within this scope in the Czech Republic/Czechia (34.5%) and Poland (34.3%) were similar. Germany achieved the highest municipal waste recycling rate in 2018, up to 67.3%. Directly related to the rate of the municipal waste recovery is the high rate of waste disposal, especially in the form of landfill, which was in the Slovak Republic in 2018 amounted to 55.0%. Despite the high rate of landfill, we can speak of a reduction in the landfill rate of municipal waste compared to previous years. From the foregoing data of selected indicators of the average recycling rate of municipal waste, it can be deduced that the system of municipal waste management in the Slovak Republic is obviously flawed, in as much as municipal waste management lacks long-term management in accordance with the waste hierarchy. The said deficiency may result either from insufficient legislation pertaining to this area or failure in terms of its enforcement. 

scholarly journals MUNICIPAL WASTE MANAGEMENT IN ROMANIA IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EU. A STAKEHOLDERS’ PERSPECTIVE

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 850-876
Author(s):  
Carmen Nastase ◽  
Carmen Emilia Chașovschi ◽  
Mihaela State ◽  
Adrian-Liviu Scutariu
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management System ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Waste Management System ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
The Eu

The European waste policy is focused on reducing the negative impact of waste, eliminating the unhealthy use of resources, and on better waste management. The aim of this paper is to analyse Romania’s waste management practices in the EU context. The research methodology is based on a quantitative and qualitative analysis. The descriptive data analysis reveals significant differences among EU countries in terms of the municipal waste generated and the recycling rate. The municipal waste generated registers decrease, whereas there are significant increases in terms of the recycling rates in the EU countries. The qualitative research is based on the analysis of structured interviews among stakeholders, relevant for the waste management in Romania. The information obtained based on interviews was processed using NVivo and the main findings are focused on recommendations for improving the waste management system. We have identified a lack of adequate public support in the waste field due to insufficient awareness programs, lack of operator’s obligation for separate waste sanitation, people's discouragement to separate their household waste, and lack of bins to separate collection. The correction of identified weaknesses could lead to an improved waste management system, feasible only through an active involvement of stakeholders

scholarly journals Trust in European Institutions in Explaining the Entrepreneurship in European Union Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Gawel ◽  
Timo Toikko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Institutional Trust ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Government Budget ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Trust In Institutions ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Practical Implications

Entrepreneurship is believed to be shaped by institutions; however, the paper assumes that trust in institutions is a fundamental prerequisite for the impact of institutions on entrepreneurship. The aims of the paper are to determine (i) whether trust in European institutions affects the level of entrepreneurship in European Union countries, and (ii) whether there are any differences in this impact regarding the types of institutions and (iii) a country’s government budget size. Based on yearly panel data for 27 European Union countries in the years 2004–2019 and estimations of panel regression models, the results show that confidence in institutions is a significant factor in explaining entrepreneurship. However, institutional trust has no homogeneous effect on entrepreneurship, as the impact depends on the kind of institutions related to their functions and values as well as on the country’s characteristics in relation to the size of the government’s budget. Practical implications suggest the possibilities of supporting entrepreneurship—especially in countries with a relatively lower public redistribution—by raising the level of confidence in the European Central Bank. The originality of the paper is related to distinguishing institutional trust based on the type of institutions and the country’s characteristics of governmental budget size.

scholarly journals Aspects of the Circular Economy in the Member States of the European Union

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Florina Bran ◽  
Dumitru Alexandru Bodislav ◽  
Svetlana Platagea Gombos ◽  
Petrică Sorin Angheluță
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
Use Of Resources

The interest in having a low-carbon economy has led to transformations in the economies of all countries. New economic models are being put into practice. New jobs are being created. Sustainable use of resources is becoming more important. The article presents an analysis of waste generation in the member countries of the European Union. The study of the possibility of reusing certain materials started from the design phase of the finished product. Production processes can also contribute to saving natural resources. This can create new business opportunities and avoid inefficient waste management. The article also analyzes the degree of municipal waste collection, as well as the share of recycled municipal waste. In the production process, the recovery of certain materials and then their use can lead to savings in the use of raw materials. This reduces the pressure exerted by the extraction of raw materials on the environment. Further investments in green technologies will contribute to the efficient use of natural resources, restore biodiversity and reduce pollution.

scholarly journals Sustainability of Circular Economy Indicators and Their Impact on Economic Growth of the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (19) ◽  
pp. 5481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mihail Busu ◽  
Carmen Lenuta Trica
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
European Union ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Multilinear Regression

In this paper, we develop a methodology for studying the sustainability of the circular economy model, based on environmental indicators, and its impact on European Union (EU) economic growth. In open-end systems, waste is converted back to materials and objects through recycling; hence, a linear economy is transformed into a circular economy (CE). Environmental factors support the argument for the sustainable implementation of a circular economy. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the sustainability of the CE indicators and to elaborate a multilinear regression model with panel data for determining the dependency of the main CE factors on EU economic growth. Starting with the model of economic growth based on circular material use rate, recycling rate of municipal waste (RRMW), trade in recycling materials, labor productivity, environmental taxes, and resource productivity as independent variables, six statistical hypotheses were validated through a multiple regression model with the use of the statistical software EViews 11. The research study was conducted for 27 EU countries, and the data was collected from the European Union Statistical Office (EUROSTAT), during the time frame 2010 to 2017. Based on econometric modeling, the paper highlights that circular economy generates sustainable economic growth across the EU.

scholarly journals Innovative Solutions for Local Public Administration in the Process of the Waste Collection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Răzvan Aurelian Munteanu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Innovative Solution ◽  
Collection Cost ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Over Time

Sustainable development has always been one of the most important policies implemented by the European Union, mentioned in different treaties over time. In 2015, European Union is setting 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) with 169 targets within the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Developement. European Union is preseting the SDG 11 Goal aim ”to renew and plan cities and other human settlements in a way that they offer opportunities for all, with access to servicies, energy, housing, transportation, green public spaces, while improving resource use and reducing environmental impacts”. The EU is monitoring the progress towards SDGs for all member states through different indicators, like the recycling rate of municipal waste for SDG 11. In 2018, Romania has the recyling rate of municipal waste of only 11,11%, far away from the average of EU of 47,4%. The local public administrations have an important role in increasing the recyling rate, by providing the best services for the citizens and, in the same time, by reducing the costs of these services. In this matter, the paper presents an innovative solution regarding the waste collection in the largest District from Bucharest, Romania. The underground waste collection platforms represent and alternative for the classic platforms and the innovation comes from the smart component that they integrate, represented by the filling sensors that communicate directly to the sanitation operator. The monitoring system has direct effect by incresing the efficiency of the waste collections process, as follows: reduces the waste collection cost by 50%; improves the services provided for the citizens; predicts waste generation patterns based on data; refines waste collection processes over time; optimizes routing and navigation etc.

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Innovation Impact on Recycling Municipal Waste. A Panel Data Analysis at the EU Level

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 5125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Silviu Banacu ◽  
Mihail Busu ◽  
Raluca Ignat ◽  
Carmen Lenuta Trica
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Resource Productivity ◽  
Private Investments ◽  
Entrepreneurial Innovation

Based on recent findings of the economic literature on the implications of entrepreneurial innovation for recycling municipal waste, this paper aims to examine the main factors of recycling municipal waste at the European Union (EU) level. In this study, the authors developed a linear regression model to analyze the relationship between business expenditure on research and development (R&D), private investments, gross domestic product (GDP) expenditures on R&D, resource productivity, and environmental taxes on the recycling rate of municipal waste (RRMW). In our analyses, we used data from the Statistical Office of the European Union (EUROSTAT) and five statistical hypotheses were validated through a multiple regression model with panel data using the statistical software EViews 11. The study was conducted in 27 European Union countries between 2010 and 2017. Our results indicate that business expenditure on R&D, private investments, GDP expenditures on R&D, and resource productivity have a direct and significant impact on the RRMW, while environmental taxes have a significant and inverse impact on the RRMW. These findings underline that public policies should be focused on increasing the use of private and public investments on R&D for recycling municipal waste.

scholarly journals Municipal Waste Management in Poland Compared to Other European Union Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Poniatowska ◽  
Monika Kisiel ◽  
Damian Panasiuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Current State ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Municipal Waste Management

The paper discusses the current state of municipal waste management in Poland compared to other European Union countries. It indicates the amounts of municipal waste generated over the last few years in Poland and other EU countries. The paper compares waste treatment methods in Poland and Europe, such as recycling, composting, thermal treatment and waste disposal. An analysis of municipal waste processing installations in Poland is presented. The trends in the municipal waste management system in recent years have also been described. In the field of municipal waste management in Poland, there have been significant changes. The amount of waste sent to landfills has decreased, and the amount of waste recovered and recycled has increased. These changes are positive and reflect the development of municipal waste management systems in other EU countries. The article indicates the problems and directions of changes in the field of municipal waste management in Poland in the coming years, especially in the context of the implementation of circular economy assumptions and the goals set by the European Union in terms of increase the level of waste recycling and reducing their disposal.

scholarly journals Green jobs in the European Union countries – an empirical study

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (319) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Fura ◽  
Marek Fura
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Green Jobs ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
The Eu

The article presents research results on the analysis of green jobs in the European Union countries with respect to selected indicators characterizing the member states. For the empirical analysis a regression model was applied. As a dependent variable a number of jobs in the renewable energy sector in 2012 per million inhabitants of the countries was used. In the linear regression model the explanatory variable was a share of expenditure on R&D in GDP [%]. Studies show that the increase in research and development expenditures have a real, measurable impact on the availability of green jobs in the EU countries. Research results were presented on the background of the strategy “Europe 2020”.

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