scholarly journals Explorative Study of Aquaponics Systems in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 12685
Author(s):  
Nurhayati Br Tarigan ◽  
Simon Goddek ◽  
Karel J. Keesman
Keyword(s):  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Water System ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Nutrient Efficiency ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Land Prices ◽  
Explorative Study ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
System Designs

Aquaponics is the combined cultivation of fish in aquaculture systems and plants in hydroponic systems. This study aimed to explore and evaluate new aquaponics system designs in Jakarta, Indonesia, in terms of water and nutrient efficiency, and/or profitability. In total, one brackish water system with barramundi and tomato (BW) and three freshwater systems with Nile tilapia, rice, and duckweed (FW + DW), Nile tilapia and rice (FW − DW), and Nile tilapia and tomato (FW-tomato) were investigated using dynamic mathematical models. The results showed an increase of N, P, and water use efficiency by 10%, 18%, and 31%, respectively, in FW-tomato compare to FW − DW. Meanwhile, FW + DW only slightly increased the efficiency but worsened the already negative net present value (NPV) of FW − DW due to the high land prices. The BW system had similar water and nutrient efficiency to FW-tomato, but lower NPV. Profit of the BW and FW-tomato becomes comparable if the hydroponic area in the BW system can be expanded by 35%, or the selling price of tomato or fish in the BW can be increased by 20%. Given the expected growth of both the production of tomatoes and aquaculture in Indonesia, there is potential for further introduction of aquaponics systems in Indonesia.

scholarly journals Gas to Liquids Techno-Economics of Associated Natural Gas, Bio Gas, and Landfill Gas

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1568
Author(s):  
Federico Galli ◽  
Jun-Jie Lai ◽  
Jacopo De Tommaso ◽  
Gianluca Pauletto ◽  
Gregory S. Patience
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Fischer Tropsch ◽  
Gas To Liquids ◽  
The Impact

Methane is the second highest contributor to the greenhouse effect. Its global warming potential is 37 times that of CO2. Flaring-associated natural gas from remote oil reservoirs is currently the only economical alternative. Gas-to-liquid (GtL) technologies first convert natural gas into syngas, then it into liquids such as methanol, Fischer–Tropsch fuels or dimethyl ether. However, studies on the influence of feedstock composition are sparse, which also poses technical design challenges. Here, we examine the techno-economic analysis of a micro-refinery unit (MRU) that partially oxidizes methane-rich feedstocks and polymerizes the syngas formed via Fischer–Tropsch reaction. We consider three methane-containing waste gases: natural gas, biogas, and landfill gas. The FT fuel selling price is critical for the economy of the unit. A Monte Carlo simulation assesses the influence of the composition on the final product quantity as well as on the capital and operative expenses. The Aspen Plus simulation and Python calculate the net present value and payback time of the MRU for different price scenarios. The CO2 content in biogas and landfill gas limit the CO/H2 ratio to 1.3 and 0.9, respectively, which increases the olefins content of the final product. Compressors are the main source of capital cost while the labor cost represents 20–25% of the variable cost. An analysis of the impact of the plant dimension demonstrated that the higher number represents a favorable business model for this unit. A minimal production of 7,300,000 kg y−1 is required for MRU to have a positive net present value after 10 years when natural gas is the feedstock.

scholarly journals Analisis Kelayakan Usahatani Jamur Tiram (pleurotus ostreatus) Kasus: Petani Jamur Tiram di Desa Peguyangan Kaja Kecamatan Denpasar Utara

2019 ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
IDA BAGUS SAHADEWA ◽  
RATNA KOMALA DEWI ◽  
IDA AYU LISTIA DEWI
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Oyster Mushrooms ◽  
The Village

Analysis of Oyster Mushroom (pleurotusostreatus)(The Case of Oyster Mushroom Farmers in Peguyangan KajaVillage,North Denpasar Sub-District)The development of oyster mushrooms (pleurotusostreatus) is enough to encouragemushroom farming in Indonesia. The same thing was done by the farmers ofPeguyanganKaja Village, North Denpasar Sub-District, who were involved in oystermushroom farming. This research was conducted in August 2017 through December2017. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of oyster mushroombusiness, analyzed using Net Present Value (NPV) investment criteria, Net benefit costratio (Net B / C), Internal rate of return (IRR), Payback Period (PBP), and Sensitivityanalysis and knowing the constraints experienced by farmers in cultivating oystermushrooms.Based on the research and the results of the analysis that has been done, the followingconclusion can be arrived at. Oyster Mushroom Farming with a capacity of 1.000,2.500, 3.000, 5.000 and 6.000 baglogs worthy of being farmed with an interest rate of12%, this is aimed at NPV> 0 (positive), Net B / C> 0 (positive), IRR> i that is 12%,and PP <Economic age of mushroom media (5 years) and, sensitivity analysis based onthe three sensitivity analyses, oyster mushroom farming at media mushroom capacity5,000 baglogs is not sensitive to, increases in operational costs, decreases in productionquantity and decreases the selling price of 10%. Constraints faced in the cultivation ofoyster mushrooms in the village of PeguyanganKaja, which is lowland, are that it isdifficult to obtain a level of humidity between 80% and 100%, which of course is easierto do if it is in the highland.

scholarly journals Financial Feasibility of Sijuk Shrimp Paste Business in Sungai Padang Village, Sijuk District, Belitung Regency

Agro Ekonomi ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Aditya Nugraha ◽  
Suhatmini Hardyastuti ◽  
Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo
Keyword(s):  
Capital Investment ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Population Sampling ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Return Value

Sijuk shrimp paste business is a business in processing rebon shrimp which is most commonly implemented in Belitung Regency. In this study, profi t analysis, investment feasibility, and sensitivity were used to draw the conclusions. The samples involve 25 shrimp paste businesses taken by using census method in Sungai Padang Village, District Sijuk, Belitung Regency. This area is also a central area for producing Sijuk shrimp paste. Census refers to periodic collection of information about the specifi c population from the entire population. Sampling is a method of collecting information from a sample that represents population. The result showed that the Sijuk shrimp paste businesses gives benefi ts because they had a gain of Rp.17.558.914,29 / year, the value of gross profi t ratio of 50.61%, the rate of return per capital investment of 1.02, and the return on the investments amounted to 74.58%. The Sijuk shrimp paste businesses are feasible to continue be had the value of discounted payback period of 1.57 years, the net present value of Rp.18.264.662,44, the internal rate of the return value of 35%, and the profi tability index of 1.78. From the results of the sensitivity analysis concluded that the Sijuk shrimp paste businesses are feasible to continue because the percentage of increase in the maximum operating costs still can be tolerated which is equal to 44,763% and the percentage of maximum reduction in the selling price of Sijuk shrimp paste still can be tolerated which is equal to 22.108%.

scholarly journals KELAYAKAN FINANSIAL REPLANTING TANAMAN KARET DI DESA BATUMARTA 1 KECAMATAN LUBUK RAJA KABUPATEN OGAN KOMERING ULU PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-96
Author(s):  
Tyara Naisyah ◽  
Bambang Sumantri ◽  
. Nusril
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Production Cost ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Rubber Plantation ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Sensitive Factor

This research aim to: 1) to analyze the amount of financial worthiness of rubber plantation as long as economic age in Batumarta 1 Lubuk Raja Ogan Komering Ulu regency. 2) To know the level of sensitivity in replanting rubber to several dominant factors related to finance and advantage in Batumarta 1 Lubuk Raja Ogan Komering Ulu regency. 77 respondents are chosen, about 30 % from 258 population which have represented population, because the population in Batumarta1 homogeneously relative in rubber plantation system, that is rejuveration system. The sample was chosen by using Simple Random Sampling Method. The research methodology is Survey. While the data is analyzed by worthiness count criteria which consist of Net B/C ratio, Gross B/C ratio, Provitability ratio, Net Present value (NPV), Internal Return Rate(IRR), this valuation done to know the worthiness off rubber replanting. Otherwise, also done the counting of sensitivity experimental. The result shows that rubber replanting in Batumarta 1 can be properly applied and the most sensitive factor is the decresing of selling price, increasing of production cost (fertilizer and total cost before tax) Keywords: Finansial feasibility Rubber  Replanting 

scholarly journals SENSITIVITAS INVESTASI STUDI KASUS PADA PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS PABRIK GULA SRAGI PT.PERKEBUNAN NUSANTARA IX

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Dyah Puspasari ◽  
Suwandhi
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Internal Rate Of Return ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Investment Value ◽  
Cost Of Production ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to determine the sensitivity of the increase or decrease in the selling price of sugar and drops, then the investment value, and the cost of production to the IRR obtained from the investment decision to increase the capacity of the Sragi Sugar Factory. Hypothesis testing is carried out on the results of the calculation of investment analysis which includes several commonly used parameters, namely Net present value (NPV), Internal rate of return (IRR), Profitability Index (PI), and Payback Period (PP), in this case as a comparison used The results of the IRR calculation. The results of the sensitivity study found that the selling price has the highest sensitivity, then the second is the investment value, while the cost of goods manufactured has the lowest sensitivity. The results of tests carried out on three parameters show that there is a significant change between the Selling Price, Investment Value and Cost of Production with the calculation of the IRR of an investment.

Hydrocarbon Flow-up Intersecting Faults: Economic Aspects of Production and Bypass Considerations

2005 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-305
Author(s):  
Ian Lerche
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Relative Timing ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Supply Rate ◽  
Production Phase ◽  
Supply Time

The economic aspects are addressed towards production from reservoirs supplied with hydrocarbons along a master fault. In particular, the costs of production, the onset and termination times of production in relation with the supply time of hydrocarbons, as well as the supply rate and the production rates, in addition to the selling price of product, are all involved in determining if a positive net present value can be realized during the production phase of the reservoir. Depending on the relative timing, it is possible that the reservoirs cannot be made profitable unless the selling price exceeds a critical minimum. These aspects, and several residual concerns related to the desired production rate vs that allowed by reservoir fill rates, are addressed in this article.

scholarly journals Federated Space Systems Tradespace Exploration for Strategic Robustness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan L Stern ◽  
Paul T. Grogan
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Satellite Systems ◽  
Commercial Space ◽  
Design Variables ◽  
Game Theoretic ◽  
Space Economy ◽  
Tradespace Exploration ◽  
System Designs

Motivated by the growth of the commercial space economy and renewed focus on the disaggregation of military space systems, this work develops a method for conceptual design of federated satellite systems as a collaborative system-of-systems (SoS). Objectives seek to improve the likelihood of successful SoS formation and pursue constituent system utility robustness. The proposed metaheuristic optimization tradespace exploration method accounts for technical and economic design variables and multi-decision maker strategy dynamics. Constituent system designs are ranked on their simulated net present value. A game-theoretic measure of risk dominance is used in concert with net present value to assess robustness and utility of candidate SoS designs. The method is validated with a notional application case that assesses potential collaboration between Earth observing and telecommunications systems. Results demonstrate a fundamental trade between system efficiency and robustness and highlight the importance of accounting for strategy dynamics when designing systems for collaboration.

scholarly journals Analisa Tekno Ekonomi Pengembangan Usaha Berbasis Kearifan Lokal Kab. Sumba Barat Daya : Bubur Rowe Luwa Instan

AGROINTEK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-433
Author(s):  
Nurhaidar Rahman ◽  
Nur Kartika Indah Mayasti ◽  
Ade Chandra Iwansyah ◽  
Ashri Indriati ◽  
Yusuf Andriana
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Financial Analysis ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Technical And Economic Analysis ◽  
Break Even Point ◽  
Sea Fish

Rowe Luwa porridge is a local wisdom product from Southwest Sumba Regency (SBD), made from rice and the green colour of pounded sweet potato leaves. The instant Rowe Luwa porridge innovation enriched with sea fish meat and Moringa leaves is expected to provide added value to the product. Rowe Luwa instant porridge will extend shelf life and become a superior product of SBD. In starting a business development, technical and economic analysis is needed to determine whether the business is feasible or not to run. The selling price of 1 pack of 80 grams with a sales profit of 19.22% of Rp. 14,000, -. The results of the financial analysis of Rowe luwa instant porridge business obtained a Break-Even Point (BEP) unit per month of 588 packs, Net present value (NPV) of Rp. 110,173,149, Net B / C of 1.15, IRR of 44% and a payback period of 33 months. Based on the results of the calculation of financial analysis, it can be concluded that Instant Rowe luwa porridge's business is feasible to develop.

scholarly journals ECONOMIC ANALISYS OF A COFFEE-BANANA SYSTEM OF A FAMILY-BASED AGRICULTURE AT THE ATLANTIC FOREST ZONE, BRAZIL

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Ponciano Alves ◽  
Márcio Lopes da Silva ◽  
Sílvio Nolasco de Oliveira Neto ◽  
Tatiana Pires Barrella ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Silva Santos
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Forest Zone ◽  
Banana Production

Agroforestry systems can reduce the risks of investing in just one crop. However, there are uncertainties like other agricultural and forestry activities. Therefore, there is the need for economic studies under conditions of economic risk of agroforestry systems. This work reports an analysis of the main components of costs and revenues of an agroforestry system with coffee and banana, as well as an analysis of its economic performance through indicators: net present value, equivalent period benefit (or cost), family labor revenue and a sensitivity analysis of net present value. The main cost components in the system are the human labor and mineral and organic fertilizers applied in coffee, and the costs for the production of coffee outweigh the costs of banana production. The monthly income from the production of bananas balances the costs of coffee production, generating a positive cash flow in the studied period. Financial indicators showed positive values, demonstrating the economic viability of the system with coffee and banana. The agroforestry system is economically feasible, even with variations of ± 20% in production costs and selling prices of their products. Variables that showed greater sensitivity on the net present value were the selling price of coffee and bananas, and the cost of coffee production.

scholarly journals Sustainable Italian Cities: The Added Value of Biomethane from Organic Waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Cucchiella ◽  
Idiano D’Adamo ◽  
Massimo Gastaldi
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Biomethane Production

This work focuses on the profitability of biomethane plants and the environmental benefits obtained recovering the organic fraction of municipal solid waste in Italy. The economic model is based on the calculations of the net present value, considering multiple capacities of biomethane production (ranging from 50 to 500 m3/h) and alternative scenarios based on the variation in subsidies, the selling price of biomethane, and the net revenues from the treatment of organic waste. The environmental analysis quantifies the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions obtained by natural gas vehicles fueled by biomethane. The economic and environmental results encourage energy change that can be achieved by municipalities that support the transformation of natural resources into green fuels. Across 15 Italian municipalities, the potential biomethane production varies from 80.4 million m3/year to 102.8 million m3/year, with an overall net present value ranging from 135 to 187 million €. In addition, the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions varies from 127 to 162 thousand-ton CO2eq/year. Both the economic and environmental results demonstrate that biomethane is a renewable resource with added value for municipalities.

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