Validasi Metode Analisis Matriks Patch Domperidon Maleat dengan Perbedaan Polimer Menggunakan Spektorfotometri UV-Vis

Uv-Vis spectrophotometry is an analytical method that can be used to determine the levels of domperidon maleate contained in transdermal patches with different polymers. The analysis method needs to be validated to prove that it can provide measurement results that match its designation. The purpose of this study is to prove that uv-vis spectrophotometry methods can provide the specificity, linearity, thoroughness, and precision that meet the requirements. In this study, linearity was known by calculating the r value on the curve of the relationship between levels and absorbance. Precision is obtained based on rsd value. Accuracy is calculated based on the return value. Selectiveity is known by means of identity confirmation that calculates the absorbance ratio at different wavelengths. The results showed that the method meets the requirements with a value of r=0.999; RSD precision results at a level of 10 ppm obtained RSD 0.236%. The accuracy values of 80%, 100%, and 120% in the matrix of transdermal domperidon maleate patches with PVA and PVP polymers respectively recovery was 99.50%, 101.15%, and 99.13%.. In the matrix of transdermal patches domperidon maleate with polymers HPMC and Na-CMC respectively recovery was 100.91%, 100.31%, and 100.67%. In the matrix of transdermal domperidon patches with HPMC and EC polymers respectively recovery was 98.00%, 98.00%, and 99.00%. The identity confirmation results on the transdermal domperidon patch matrix with PVA and PVP polymers, HPMC and Na-CMC, as well as HPMC and EC respectively have ratio value close to the standard solution with an average value of 0.800; 0,806; and 0.808. It can be concluded that the method of analyzing the levels of domperidone maleate in matrix of transdermal patches has qualified for good validity.

Financial Distress and Firm Performance: Evidence from COVID-19.

This study is dedicated to discovering the impact of COVID-19 on Malaysia’s plantation industry firms. This paper uses quarterly data from annual report of 39 listed firms from Malaysia from 2018 to 2020. The variables to measure financial distress are debt ratio and debt-to-equity ratio while the measurement for firm performance is return on assets. The findings shows that there is a significant negative relationship between debt-to-equity ratio on firm performance. This indicates that the increase in debt-to-equity ratio results in a significant decrease in return on total assets. On the other hand, positive correlation exists between debt ratio and firm performance. This means that an increase in debt ratio results in an increase in the return value of total assets.

Effect of Selected Essential Oils and Botanicals on Alternaria Blight (Alternaria brassicae (Berk) Sacc) of Mustard (Brassica juncea (Linn) Czern and Coss

Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.coss) is also known as sarson, rai or raya, toria or Lahi.it is a herbaceous annual plant. Mustard is the second important oilseed crop in the world after sunflower, soybean and palm oil. Alternaria blight disease caused by Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc. It has been reported from all the continents of the world. Average yield losses occur due to various pest and diseases among which Alternaria blight is an important disease. Field experiment was conducted at the research plot of the Department of Plant Pathology, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the rabi season of 2020-2021 to test, Effect of selected essential oils and botanicals against Alternaria blight (Alternaria brassicae (Berk.) Sacc) of mustard (Brassica juncea (Linn.) Czern and Coss), by foliar spray of certain essential oil, plant extracts and fungicide. The treatments were Neem oil @2%, Eucalyptus oil @2%, Pongamia oil @2%, Lawsonia inermis extract @15%, Chenopodium album extract @15% Mancozeb (treated check) @ 0.2% and control (untreated check). The percent disease intensity on leaves at 45, 60 and 75 DAS, number of siliquae per plant, number of seeds per siliquae, length of siliquae (cm), test weight of seed (1000 number), biological yield (gm) and seed yield were recorded. Among the treatments, maximum number of number of siliquaes (243.13), maximum number of seeds per siliquae (12.27), length of siliquae (5.16 cm), minimum disease intensity (%) (29.01 %), maximum test weight (3.57 gm), maximum yield (9.43 qt) and biological yield (24.70 gm) were recorded in the treatment T2 Eucalyptus oil @2% followed by T1 Neem oil @2%, T4 Lawsonia inermis extract @15%, T3 Pongamia oil @2%, T5 Chenopodium extract @15%, when compared to treated check T6 Mancozeb @ 0.2% and untreated check T0. Higher gross return value (Rs. 66295), net return value (Rs. 29295), and B: C ratio (1.7:1) was found in the treatment T2 – Eucalyptus oil @2% as compared to T5–mancozeb and T0–control.

PENENTUAN KEPUTUSAN INVESTASI SAHAM MENGGUNAKAN CAPITAL ASSET PRICING MODEL (CAPM) DENGAN PENAKSIR PARAMETER STOKASTIK

CAPM is a method of determining efficient or inefficient stocks based on the differences between individual returns and expected returns based on the CAPM’s positive value for efficient and negative value for inefficient stocks. The move to share prices in the process can influence investors's decisions in investing funds, so that it can be formulated in stochastic differential equations that form the Geometric Brownian Motion model (GBM). The purpose of the study is to determine return value using the CAPM based on share estimates and historical stock prices. The study uses secondary data that data a monthly closing of stock prices from December 2017 to December 2020. The GBG model's estimated stock price is used to determine the expected value return using the CAPM. In this case, it is called CAPM-Stochastic. Then the results of the CAPM-Stochastic was compared to the results of the CAPM-Historical to define efficient stocks and inefficient stocks. The results of research using CAPM-Stochastic obtained that HMSP, ICBP, KLBF, and WOOD shares are efficient stock while UNVR shares are inefficient. The results of CAPM-Historical obtained that HMSP, ICBP, KLBF, and UNVR shares are inefficient stocks and WOOD is an efficient stocks.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN STOCK MARKET INVESTMENT

This study investigates the selection of stock from huge stock markets and by using good selection tools so that it will give a good return value. It helps investor to find an easy decision regarding their investment in stock market individually with effective collection of trading activities. Many artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are untested in the financial crisis scenario. This research really helpful to the investor in the stock selection and stock purchase decision. AI is also a one of the hottest topic for most industries, researchers and investors. The financial market is easy to analyze with multiple charts, due to the application of artificial intelligence.

Living With Elephants: Evidence-Based Planning to Conserve Wild Elephants in a Megadiverse South East Asian Country

Theory of Change (ToC) and Social Return of Investment (SROI) are planning tools that help projects craft strategic approaches in order to create the most impact. In 2018, the Management & Ecology of Malaysian Elephants (MEME) carried out planning exercises using these tools to develop an Asian elephant conservation project with agriculture communities. First, a problem tree was constructed together with stakeholders, with issues arranged along a cause-and-effect continuum. There were 17 main issues identified, ranging from habitat connectivity and fragmentation, to the lack of tolerance toward wild elephants. All issues ultimately stemmed from a human mindset that favors human-centric development. The stakeholders recognize the need to extend conservation efforts beyond protected areas and move toward coexistence with agriculture communities for the survival of the wild elephants. We mapped previous Human-Elephant Conflict (HEC) management methods and other governmental policies in Malaysia against the problem tree, and provided an overview of the different groups of stakeholders. The ToC was developed and adapted for each entity, while including Asian elephants as a stakeholder in the project. From the SROI estimation, we extrapolated the intrinsic value of the wild Asian elephant population in Johor, Malaysia, to be conservatively worth at least MYR 7.3 million (USD 1.8 million) per year. From the overall calculations, the potential SROI value of the project is 18.96 within 5 years, meaning for every ringgit invested in the project, it generates MYR 18.96 (USD 4.74) worth of social return value. There are caveats with using these value estimations outside of the SROI context, which was thoroughly discussed. The SROI provides projects with the ability to justify to funders the social return values of its activities, which we have adapted to include the intrinsic value of an endangered megafauna. Moreover, SROI encourages projects to consider unintended impacts (i.e., replacement, displacement, and deadweight), and acknowledge contributions from stakeholders. The development of the problem tree and ToC via SROI approach, can help in clarifying priorities and encourage thinking out of the box. For this case study, we presented the thinking process, full framework and provided evidences to support the Theory of Change.

Memory Layout Extraction and Verification Method for Reliable Physical Memory Acquisition

Physical memory acquisition is a prerequisite when performing memory forensics, referring to a set of techniques for acquiring and analyzing traces associated with user activity information, malware analysis, cyber incident response, and similar areas when the traces remain in the physical RAM. However, certain types of malware have applied anti-memory forensics techniques to evade memory analysis strategies or to make the acquisition process impossible. To disturb the acquisition process of physical memory, an attacker hooks the kernel API, which returns a map of the physical memory spaces, and modifies the return value of the API, specifically that typically used by memory acquisition tools. Moreover, an attacker modifies the kernel object referenced by the kernel API. This causes the system to crash during the memory acquisition process or causes the memory acquisition tools to incorrectly proceed with the acquisition. Even with a modification of one byte, called a one-byte modification attack, some tools fail to acquire memory. Therefore, specialized countermeasure techniques are needed for these anti-memory forensics techniques. In this paper, we propose a memory layout acquisition method which is robust to kernel API hooking and the one-byte modification attack on NumberOfRuns, the kernel object used to construct the memory layout in Windows. The proposed acquisition method directly accesses the memory, extracts the byte array, and parses it in the form of a memory layout. When we access the memory, we extract the _PHYSICAL_MEMORY_DESCRIPTOR structure, which is the basis of the memory layout without using the existing memory layout acquisition API. Furthermore, we propose a verification method that selects a reliable memory layout. We realize the verification method by comparing NumberOfRuns and the memory layout acquired via the kernel API, the registry, and the proposed method. The proposed verification method guarantees the reliability of the memory layout and helps secure memory image acquisition through a comparative verification with existing memory layout acquisition methods. We also conduct experiments to prove that the proposed method is resistant to anti-memory forensics techniques, confirming that there are no significant differences in time compared to the existing tools.

The Analysis of Abnormal Stock Returns in LQ-45 Index during Covid-19 Pandemic

This research aimed: (1) to identify the average distinction of abnormal stock-return in LQ-45 during Covid-19 Pandemic around January-May 2020 in Indonesia, and (2) to identify the highest average abnormal stock-return during Covid-19 Pandemic around January-May 2020. The research sample used LQ-45 Share through purposive sampling method. Abnormal return denotes to the indicator used to measure the market reaction due to the particular event. Kolmogorov Smirnov and Kruskal Wallis test are used to assess the normality data and examine whether there was average distinction of abnormal stock-return in LQ-45 during Covid-19 Pandemic around January-May 2020 in Indonesia. The research finding represents that there is an average distinction of abnormal stock-return in LQ-45 during Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia. The most significant distinction shown on March 2020 which the average abnormal return value is 71.93, decreasing from February 2020 in average value of 102.43. Based on the data analysis, it is identified 17 companies with positive abnormal return whose highest average abnormal return during the pandemic around January-May 2020 is Barito Pacific Tbk (BRPT) company in value of 0.11399140.

Antena Mikrostrip Array 8x2 Elemen untuk Aplikasi Radio Gelombang Mikro

ABSTRAKPeningkatan gain pada antena mikrostrip polarisasi melingkar menggunakan metode array 8x2 element diusulkan dalam penelitian ini. Antena yang diusulkan dirancang untuk bekerja pada rentang frekuensi 10700 – 11700 MHz untuk sistem komunikasi radio gelombang mikro. Untuk meningkatkan gain, antena yang diusulkan di optimasi menggunakan array dengan 8x2 elemen. Dari hasil pengukuran diperoleh nilai return loss -22.77 dB dan VSWR sebesar 1.156. Bandwidth yang dihasilkan dari antena array 8x2 elemen adalah 900 MHz dengan rentang frekuensi kerja 10700 MHz -11600 MHz serta impedansi sebesar 55.87 + j 4.97 Ω pada frekuensi kerja 10925 GHz. Gain dari antena array 8x2 elemen adalah 15.6 dB pada frekuensi kerja 10925 MHz. Optimasi dengan metode array 8x2 elemen berhasil meningkatkan Gain sampai dengan 47.76 % dibandingkan dengan desain array 4x2 element. Antena yang diusulkan cocok dijadikan kandidat untuk digunakan pada sistem komunikasi radio gelombang mikro.Kata kunci: antena, mikrostrip, gain, array, radio gelombang mikro ABSTRACTGain optimization on a circular polarization microstrip antenna using the 8x2 element array method is proposed in this study. The proposed antenna is designed to work in the frequency range 10700 - 11700 MHz for microwave radio communication systems. To increase the gain, the proposed antenna is optimized using an array with 8x2 elements. From the measurement results obtained return value of -22.77 dB and VSWR of 1,156. The Bandwidth produced from the 8x2 element antenna array is 900 MHz with a working frequency range of 10700 MHz - 11600 MHz and an impedance of 55.87 + j 4.97 Ω at a working frequency of 10925 MHz. The gain of the 8x2 element array antenna is 15.6 dB at a working frequency of 10925 MHz. Optimization with the 8x2 element array method succeeded in increasing Gain by up to 47.76% compared to the 4x2 element array design. The proposed antenna is suitable as a candidate for use in microwave radio communication systems.Keywords: microstrip, antenna, gain, array, microwave radio

Statistical estimation of spatial wave extremes for tropical cyclones from small data samples: validation of the STM-E approach using long-term synthetic cyclone data for the Caribbean Sea

Occurrences of tropical cyclones at a location are rare, and for many locations, only short periods of observations or hindcasts are available. Hence, estimation of return values (corresponding to a period considerably longer than that for which data is available) for cyclone-induced significant wave height (SWH) from small samples is challenging. The STM-E (space-time maximum and exposure) model was developed to provide reduced bias in estimates of return values compared to competitor approaches in such situations, and realistic estimates of return value uncertainty. STM-E exploits data from a spatial neighbourhood satisfying certain conditions, rather than data from a single location, for return value estimation.This article provides critical assessment of the STM-E model for tropical cyclones in the Caribbean Sea near Guadeloupe for which a large database of synthetic cyclones is available, corresponding to more than 3,000 years of observation. Results indicate that STM-E yields values for the 500-year return value of SWH and its variability, estimated from 200 years of cyclone data, consistent with direct empirical estimates obtained by sampling 500 years of data from the full synthetic cyclone database. In general, STM-E also provides reduced bias and more realistic uncertainty estimates for return values relative to single location analysis.