scholarly journals The Informal Sector Facing COVID-19: The Case of Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 13269
Author(s):  
Faustine Kede Ndouna ◽  
Roger Tsafack Nanfosso ◽  
Jean Aristide Biloa Biloa Essimi ◽  
Laurent-Fabrice Ambassa
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Labor Market Participation ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Time Restrictions ◽  
Direct Support

This study aims to analyze the effects of COVID-19 on actors in the informal economy in Cameroon. To analyze the effects of the COVID-19 crisis on actors in the informal economy, we use secondary data from the National Institute of Statistics (NIS). These data come from a survey of 1310 households. We performed data analysis using comparative methods and a labor market participation model that considers changes in people’s behavior towards health risks in order to explore and compare empirical results with earlier studies. From this analysis, it was revealed that job losses are more important in the informal sector (and, in particular, among men). We note that the absence of wearing a mask decreases the chances of having an informal job and of being suspended from one’s job during the crisis. Likewise, time restrictions that are not appreciated by workers will push actors more towards the informal sector. These results lead to recommendations that contribute towards providing support or direct support to informal workers in the sector.

Commercialising innovations from the informal economy

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gautam Sharma ◽  
Hemant Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Institutional Support ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Grassroots Innovation ◽  
Grassroots Innovations

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the commercialisation mechanisms of the innovations that emerge from the informal sector of Indian economy. Also known as grassroots innovations, they are said to better fit with the local market demands and conditions in the developing nations of the world. The paper discusses the grassroots innovation ecosystem in India and the role that is played by the state in providing institutional support. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on an exploratory study using both the primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data are taken from the interview of the innovators during the field work, whereas secondary data are acquired from research articles published in various journals indexed in Scopus and web of sciences, government publications and reports. The annual reports of National Innovation Foundation are analysed to gather information and to build the arguments for this paper. The secondary data are also collected and evaluated from the database of the grassroots innovators available on Grassroots Innovation Augmentation Network. Findings The paper provides insight into how the grassroots innovations are commercialised in India through different pathways such as social entrepreneurship, technology transfer and open source technology. It takes four case studies to discuss the institutional support to the grassroots innovator and the challenges in the diffusion of the grassroots innovations. Research limitations/implications Due to the chosen research approach, the results cannot be generalised on all grassroots innovations. Researchers are encouraged to conduct a survey of more grassroots innovations in order to derive generalised outputs. Practical implications The paper includes implications for understanding the diffusion process of grassroots innovations that can be useful for all the emerging and developing nations. Originality/value The paper fulfils an identified need to study the diffusion modes of informal sector innovations and management of grassroots innovations.

EVALUATING THE GENDER VARIATIONS IN INFORMAL SECTOR ENTREPRENEURSHIP: SOME LESSONS FROM BRAZIL

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350004 ◽  
Author(s):  
COLIN C WILLIAMS ◽  
YOUSSEF YOUSSEF
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Gender Disparities ◽  
Survival Strategy ◽  
Marginalized Populations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Variations ◽  
Micro Enterprises

The aim of this paper is to evaluate critically the gender variations in informal sector entrepreneurship. Until now, a widely-held belief has been that entrepreneurs operating in the informal sector in developing nations are lowly paid, poorly educated, marginalized populations doing so out of necessity as a survival strategy in the absence of alternatives. Reporting an extensive 2003 survey conducted in urban Brazil of informal sector entrepreneurs operating micro-enterprises with five or less employees, the finding is that although less than half of these entrepreneurs are driven out of necessity into entrepreneurial endeavor in the informal economy, women are more commonly necessity-driven entrepreneurs and receive lower incomes from their entrepreneurial endeavor than men despite being better educated. The outcome is a call to recognize how the gender disparities in the wider labor market are mirrored and reinforced by the participation of men and women in the realm of informal sector entrepreneurship.

Between heritage and modernity employment and incomes in rural post-communist Romania

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona ILIE
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Rural Labor ◽  
Educational Structure ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Urban Employment ◽  
Employment Characteristics

The paper follows up the changes emerged in employment and living standards of Romanian rural households over the post-communist period. On the background of the main changes in the socioeconomic context, rural employment is related to the situation by the beginning of the post-communist transition, and to urban employment developments. Based on secondary data analysis, an unfavorable rural labor market profile and educational structure are identified. However, improvements in the employment characteristics for the last decade might be noticed, together with overall income increase and marked inequality against the urban. Keywords: employment; rural development; inequality; rural ‒ urban.

scholarly journals KONTRIBUSI PENDAPATAN SEKTOR INFORMAL TERHADAP PENDAPATAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI DI DESA PINABETENGAN UTARA KECAMATAN TOMPASO BARAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Praise Iroth ◽  
O. Esry H. Laoh ◽  
Ribka M. Kumaat
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
North West ◽  
The Village

The same opportunity to work in the informal sector to encourage farmers to make the decision to allocate the available workforce to be more efficient than that of bulk farm working hours also had a busy time and leisure time. The increased revenue adds the satisfaction level through the increase of consumption and leisure time. This research is to determine the contribution of informal sector income on household income Pinabetengan farmers in the Northern District of West Tompaso. This research was conducted in the village of North Pinabetengan, in June 2015 through December 2015. The data used are primary and secondary data. Primary data is data taken with direct interviews to farmers who have jobs in the informal economy. Secondary data is data taken from North Pinabetengan village office. The analysis has used in this study are presented in tabular form. The main commodities of farmers in the village are corn, beans, peanuts, rice and vegetables and spices. Farm income of farmers is the smallest Rp 600,000 and Rp 9,800,000 the greatest. The informal sectors has done such as motorcycle taxi, buggy, stalls, food stalls, craftsmen, traders, tailors, pitchman, garage, laundry worker. The lowest Income informal sector is Rp 500,000 and the highest is Rp 2,400,000. Results of the analysis showed that the contribution of the informal sector to household income of farmers amounted to 41.10 % with an average farm income in rural sub-district Tompaso Pinabetengan north west Rp . 1,600,833 / month , the average income of informal sector Rp . 1.177 million / month . So that the average total income of Rp . 2717833.Keyword: Contribution, Informal Sector, Income, North Pinabetengan Village, Minahasa

scholarly journals The impacts of COVID-19 pandemic to informal economic sector in Indonesia: Theoretical and empirical comparison

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 03014
Author(s):  
Agus Joko Pitoyo ◽  
Bagas Aditya ◽  
Ikhwan Amri
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Economic Sector ◽  
Empirical Comparison ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Points Of View

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global multidimensional crisis, one of its impacts being the crisis on the informal economy. This paper presents a review of the effects of this pandemic on the informal economy, coupled with empirical evidence based on surveys conducted in Indonesia. Data used in this study was collected by an online survey during the pandemic. Theoretically, there are two points of view about the informal economy roles during a crisis: optimistic views that see informal economy survive in a crisis and pessimistic views that see the ongoing informal economy continue to suffer losses and also informal workers as vulnerable groups during a crisis. The research also discussed the impacts of the crisis triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic on informal employments and incomes, readiness in dealing with the pandemic, and the livelihood conditions of informal workers. The crisis as a result of this pandemic provides a new experience for the informal sector in dealing with the crisis. The informal sector is not always a hero during the crisis but rather an alternative sector that offers business flexibility.

scholarly journals Is Informal Sector Employment Marginal to Formal Sector Growth?

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (4II) ◽  
pp. 543-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Tahir ◽  
Pervez Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The State ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Government

Pakistan has adopted a neoliberal regime to open the economy to global competition and reduce the role of the state. This directional change brought increased flow of overseas remittances, speculative investment, and consumerism. Consequently, the economy in mid-2000s grew but commodity-producing sector contracted. Public sector spending has been falling, especially on social sectors. There are inadequate provisions for social security and employment based income guarantees. However, this growth and stability was short lived and there is now a fragile state and slowing economy. In the absence of an effective regulatory role of the state, and due to the failure in developing a long-term strategy to harness the labour force potential, there is a huge informal sector existing side by side with the formal economy. Almost 22 million of the employed labour force is earning its livelihood in streets and the government has no record of it. The informal workers can be categorised as self-employed workers and wage workers, doing diversified jobs from petty traders to small producers and from rickshaw driver to shoe shiners. It is difficult to measure the value added contribution of the informal sector in Pakistan. Indirect estimation approaches on the basis of employment and hours worked have been used to estimate the contribution of informal economy. For instance, Idris (2008) estimates the share at 36.8 percent of GNP, which is significant. Arby, Malik and Hanif (2010) measured the size of informal economy in Pakistan through a monetary approach. They find that the size has declined considerably.

The informal economy and its relationship with the state

2020 ◽  
pp. 530-544
Author(s):  
Jane N. O. Khayesi
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The State ◽  
Institutional Framework ◽  
Informal Workers ◽  
Full Implementation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Jobs

This chapter examines the function of the informal economy in Kenya and the shifting government responses to it through a review of key policies and documents from 1971 to 2017. As in many African states, the Kenyan informal economy is a critical source of employment and economic activity, providing 80 percent of new jobs in an average year. The key finding of this chapter is that the Kenyan government has undertaken a number of initiatives to support the informal sector but the impact of these initiatives remains controversial; some have been actively resisted by informal workers and businesses that believe their impact would be damaging. Thus, although a policy and institutional framework has been put in place with the official aim of encouraging the growth of the informal economy, tensions with the government remain, and there is a pressing need for the full implementation of a number of measures, most notably licensing.

scholarly journals Criza COVID-19: Provocări pentru piața muncii din România

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-187
Author(s):  
Simona Ilie
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Wage Level ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Lower Wage ◽  
The Impact

The paper draws attention to the impact of the COVID-19 context on the labor market. Based on the secondary data analysis, a classification of the economic branches regarding the risk of affecting the activity is sketched. The higher risk tends to complement other employment vulnerabilities (lower wage level, higher share of selfemployment). The Romanian protective measures of employment and incomes fit the European practices of the current context. However, there is a risk of not being able to respond adequately to the increase of poverty and inequality. Keywords: labour market inequalities; social policies; COVID-19.

scholarly journals Taxation Income, Graft and Informal Sector Operations in Nigeria in Relation to Other African Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cordelia Onyinyechi Omodero
Keyword(s):  
Informal Sector ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Legal Structure ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
The Government ◽  
Severe Penalty

This study investigates the influence of the informal sector and graft on income accruing to the government through taxation in Nigeria. Informal economy and graft are the two critical activities that inhibit government tax revenue collection and negatively affect the performance of an effective government. The study employs secondary data that cover a period from 2000 to 2018.This period is the millennium period which the country is expected to overcome corruption and curtail the level of informal economic activities prevailing in the nation, but it appears that all efforts seem not to be yielding the required results. In order to achieve the objective of this study, the multi-regression analysis is performed and the results indicate that corruption is very harmful to tax revenue collection while the informal economy has no significant impact on tax revenue within the millennium period covered by this study. Thus, the study suggests formalization of legal unofficial economy activities and total eradication of corruption in Nigeria through the strengthening of the anti-graft agencies, reinforcement of the legal structure and introduction of a more severe penalty for the perpetrators.

Analisis Pengaruh Kecerdasan Intelektual Terhadap Kemampuan Akuntansi dengan Kecerdasan Emosional dan Spiritual sebagai Pemoderasi

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ria Manurung
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Graduate Program ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Independent Variable

Research conducted to obtain empirical evidence how the influence of independent variables of intellectual intelligence to accounting with moderating variables of emotional and spiritual intelligence. The research method used is descriptive quantitative with explanatory descriptive or explanatory research. This method is an explanatory research that proves the existence of causal relationship of independent variable (independent variable) that is intellectual intelligence; moderating variable (emotional and spiritual intelligence); and dependent variable (accounted dependent variable). Research begins by conducting library search, followed by primary data collection conducted by using questionnaires and secondary data through data analysis. And for the use of data analysis consists of descriptive analysis, classical assumption test and verification analysis with the method of Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). This study is a census study with homogeneous and limited population of 92 students, all students of Accounting Graduate Program at UNSOED. Conclusion of research result that is: (1) Intellectual intelligence have influence either positively or signifikan to accountancy. Thus intellectual intelligence can lead students to more easily understand accounting, (2) Intellectual intelligence can be strengthened by emotional intelligence on accounting both positively and significantly. (3) Spiritual intelligence can strengthen the influence of intellectual intelligence on accounting both positively and significantly.

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