scholarly journals Symmetry and Balance as Factors of Aesthetic Appreciation: Ethel Puffer’s (1903) “Studies in Symmetry” Revised

Symmetry ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1468
Author(s):  
Ronald Hübner ◽  
Katja Thömmes
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Aesthetic Appreciation ◽  
Art Theory ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Study Participants

Symmetry and balance are basic concepts in art theory for the composition of pictures. It is assumed that well-balanced pictures are preferred to unbalanced ones. One of the first experimental studies to test this assumption was conducted more than a century ago by Ethel Puffer. By applying a production method, she found little evidence for the hypothesis that balance is favorable for the aesthetical appreciation of pictures. Instead, she observed that other construction principles competing with balance, such as bilateral symmetry and closeness, were applied. The aim of the present study was to repeat some of Puffer’s experiments with modern methods and to examine whether her results are replicable. In two experiments, we also found little to no evidence for balance. Moreover, as in Puffer’s study, participants used closeness and bilateral symmetry as principles. However, compared to that study, the relative frequency of use of these principles was quite different.

scholarly journals RESEARCH OF PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD-FIBER MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 451-457
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Yur'yevich Vititnev ◽  
Yuriy Davydovich Alashkevich ◽  
Natal'ya Geral'dovna Chistova ◽  
Roman Aleksandrovich Marchenko ◽  
Venera Nurullovna Matygullina
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Fiber Materials ◽  
Traditional Construction

This paper presents the results of experimental studies of the physical and mechanical properties of wood-fiber boards of the wet production method when regulating the design and technological parameters of the grinding process. This allowed us to determine the influence of the working clearance between the grinding discs and the concentration of fibre mass with the subject to of quality change wood fiber after defibrator using the developed construction of the disc fibrillation action on the physico-mechanical properties of boards. As a result of the experiment, regression models were obtained that adequately describe the studied grinding process and allow predicting the values of physical and mechanical properties of the finished product depending on the established  parameters process. A comparative analysis of the size and quality characteristics of the fiber semi-finished product and its fractional composition when using a developed construction the disc of refiner fibrillation action and a traditional design used in industry is carried out. The preferential efficiency of the grinding process under the fibrillating effect the disc of refiner in comparison with the traditional construction disc of refiner is established. As a result, there is a significant improvement in the quality indicators of the fiber semi-finished product and its composition due to the formation and predominance in the total mass of long and thin, respectively, flexible fibrillated fibers with high tile-forming properties, which allows to increase the strength properties of the product (by 20–25%), without using binding resins.

scholarly journals ОЦІНКА ПОКАЗНИКІВ КОМФОРТНОСТІ БІЛИЗНЯНИХ ТРИКОТАЖНИХ ПОЛОТЕН ДЛЯ ЗАНЯТЬ СПОРТОМ

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
С. І. Арабулі ◽  
А. Т. Арабулі ◽  
С. С. Ототюк ◽  
В. В. Клочко ◽  
Д. Ю. Черепенко
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Clothing Comfort ◽  
Modern Methods

Determination  of  comfort properties  of  knitted  underwear for  sports and  comparison  of traditional and innovative underwear for thermal underwear. Methodology.  The  article  provides  an  analysis  of  the  modern  range  of  textile  materials  for underwear, analyzes the latest developments in the design of thermal underwear. The modern methods have been used to determine clothing comfort and physical properties of textile materials. Experimental studies are based on the basic principles of textile materials science.

scholarly journals Presuppositons in processing: a case study of German "auch"

2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-315
Author(s):  
Florian Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Processing ◽  
Sentence Comprehension ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Semantic Theory ◽  
The Self ◽  
Syntactic Analysis ◽  
Additive Particle ◽  
Study Participants

This paper presents two experimental studies investigating the processing of presupposed content. Both studies employ the German additive particle auch (too). In the first study, participants were given a questionnaire containing bi-clausal, ambiguous sentences with 'auch' in the second clause. The presupposition introduced by auch was only satisfied on one of the two readings of the sentence, and this reading corresponded to a syntactically dispreferred parse of the sentence. The prospect of having the auch-presupposition satisfied made participants choose this syntactically dispreferred reading more frequently than in a control condition. The second study used the self-paced-reading paradigm and compared the reading times on clauses containing auch, which differed in whether the presupposition of auch was satisfied or not. Participants read the clause more slowly when the presupposition was not satisfied. It is argued that the two studies show that presuppositions play an important role in online sentence comprehension and affect the choice of syntactic analysis. Some theoretical implications of these findings for semantic theory and dynamic accounts of presuppositions as well as for theories of semantic processing are discussed.  

scholarly journals On new general versions of Hermite–Hadamard type integral inequalities via fractional integral operators with Mittag-Leffler kernel

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Havva Kavurmacı Önalan ◽  
Ahmet Ocak Akdemir ◽  
Merve Avcı Ardıç ◽  
Dumitru Baleanu
Keyword(s):  
Integral Equation ◽  
Fractional Integral ◽  
Integral Operators ◽  
Integral Inequalities ◽  
Fractional Integral Operators ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Second Derivatives ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Type Integral ◽  
Basic Concepts

AbstractThe main motivation of this study is to bring together the field of inequalities with fractional integral operators, which are the focus of attention among fractional integral operators with their features and frequency of use. For this purpose, after introducing some basic concepts, a new variant of Hermite–Hadamard (HH-) inequality is obtained for s-convex functions in the second sense. Then, an integral equation, which is important for the main findings, is proved. With the help of this integral equation that includes fractional integral operators with Mittag-Leffler kernel, many HH-type integral inequalities are derived for the functions whose absolute values of the second derivatives are s-convex and s-concave. Some classical inequalities and hypothesis conditions, such as Hölder’s inequality and Young’s inequality, are taken into account in the proof of the findings.

scholarly journals Physical-chemical processes of obtaining ceramic materials based on nanopowders of oxides of zirconium, yttrium, cerium and aluminum

2019 ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
E. N. Makarova ◽  
I. V. Antsiferova
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Chemical Deposition ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Oxide Content ◽  
Negative Effect

In the study of nanoceramics, it is necessary to constantly keep in mind the closest interrelation of the production method with its structure and properties. Nanoceramic materials are used in various technical fields as structural and functional materials. It is also widely used in medicine. Nanoceramics is harmless, stable and has a great affinity with living organisms. ZrO2-based nanoceramics have a lower elastic modulus than other oxide materials. The specificity of its application lies in high resistance to rupture and thermal shock, in chemical stability at high temperatures. However, it is necessary to solve the problem of increasing the fracture toughness of ZrO2-based ceramic materials. The complex doping of ZrO2 with yttrium and cerium oxides and the use of an Al2O3 additive increase the fracture toughness and decrease the negative effect of materials in a biological environment. In this paper, the main physicochemical properties of ceramic powders and materials of the ZrO2–2Y2O3–4CeO2 – Al2O3 system, synthesized by chemical deposition of inorganic precursors using the sol-gel technology, are considered on the basis of scientific data and experimental studies. The doping of pure zirconium oxide with stabilizing oxides Y2O3, CeO2, and thermal hardening of Al2O3 ensures that the tetragonal structure is maintained at room temperature, which makes it possible to slow down and control the crack resistance of the material under load. The effects of sintering temperature and aluminum oxide content on the microstructure and grain size, as well as the physicomechanical properties of the resulting ceramic material of ZrO2–2Y2O3–4CeO2+1 wt.% Al2O3 and ZrO2–2Y2O3–4CeO2+3 wt.% Al2O3 were studied.

State of the Science on Ultramarathon Running After a Half Century: A Systematic Analysis and Commentary

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1052-1056
Author(s):  
Martin D. Hoffman
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Topic Area ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Funding Opportunities ◽  
State Of The Science ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Further Development

Purpose: To systematically examine scientific publishing related to ultramarathon running. Methods: PubMed-indexed publications through 2019 were identified in which the work involved data collection at or in association with an ultramarathon running event, included experimental running trials of ultramarathon duration using human subjects, focused on human ultramarathon runners as the study participants, or were directed at discussing some aspect of ultramarathon running or ultramarathon runners. The characteristics of each publication were tabulated. Results: A total of 616 indexed publications were identified, with the first being in 1970. A rapid increase in publications was seen by 2010 in association with increased participation in ultramarathon running, followed by a plateauing at around 49 annual publications from 2014 to 2018. Most (83.3%) publications were observational, and the mean annual number of 1.6 experimental studies did not change (P = .20) from 1999 to 2019. Most of the publications were related to physiological issues, and race performance was the largest topic area (21.8%). The largest percentage of publications came from authors from the United States, followed by authors from Switzerland. Conclusions: Research related to ultramarathon running has had a small presence in sport science and offers potential for further development. At present, publishing appears to be stable and without recent increased emphasis on experimental studies. Worthwhile research opportunities remain, particularly those where ultramarathons serve as a model for stress and could offer relevance to a wider population than ultramarathon runners, but such research appears challenged by relatively small participation in the activity and limited funding opportunities.

Substantiation оf Parameters оf Biosorption Extraction оf Indium from Electronic Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
A.A. Chugainova ◽  
L.V. Rudakova
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Waste Generation ◽  
Limited Distribution ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Modern Methods

The data on the dynamics of e-waste generation in different countries are presented and modern methods of handling this type of waste are analyzed. The characteristics of the component composition of electronic waste are given. The problem of neutralization and disposal of mobile phone screens has been studied. An analysis of possible methods for extracting metals from electronic waste has been carried out, which has shown the promise of a biotechnological method based on the ability of the biomass of microscopic algae to selectively, under certain conditions, sorbs metals. Based on the analysis of the research results of domestic and foreign scientists presented in the literature the process of extracting indium from the screens of mobile phones using microscopic algae was simulated under laboratory conditions. When justifying the choice of indium as an extractable metal, two criteria were used: limited distribution in the earth's crust and the difficulty of obtaining from natural ores, as well as demand in various industries. In experimental studies, the parameters of the effective extraction of indium by the biosorption method have been determined.

Simulation-Based Unassisted Sit-to-Stand Motion Prediction for Healthy Young Individuals

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burak Ozsoy ◽  
James Yang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Motion Prediction ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Joint Torques ◽  
Sit To Stand ◽  
Limb Injuries ◽  
Common Activity ◽  
Musculoskeletal Abnormalities

Sit-to-stand (STS) is a common activity in daily lives which requires relatively high joint torques and a robust coordination of lower and upper extremities with postural stability. Many elderly, people with lower limb injuries, and patients with neurological disorders or musculoskeletal abnormalities have difficulties in accomplishing this task. In contrast to the literature on numerous experimental studies of STS, there are limited studies that were carried out through simulations. In literature, mostly bilateral symmetry was assumed for STS tasks, however even for healthy people, it is more difficult to perform STS tasks with a perfect bilateral symmetry. The goal of this research is to develop a three-dimensional unassisted STS motion prediction formulation for healthy young individuals. Predicted results will be compared with experimental results found in literature for the validation of the proposed formulation.

Semantic roles and residual grammatical categories in mother and child speech: who tunes into whom?

1981 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine S. Retherford ◽  
Bonnie C. Schwartz ◽  
Robin S. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Fine Tuning ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Child Speech ◽  
Discourse Topic

ABSTRACTMother and child speech in two half-hour free play conversations of six pairs were analysed for 15 semantic roles such as AGENT and ACTION, and five additional syntactic categories such as negation. Children were taped at the beginning of word combinations (1; 7–2; 0) and again 3 to 6 months later. Mothers and children were similar to one another in the relative frequency with which they used the different semantic and syntactic categories. However, the mothers' use was stable, including a larger number of categories than the children and showing few shifts in relative frequency. Insofar as changes took place over time, it was the children who changed to become more like their mothers, both in the semantic roles present and in their relative frequency of use. These findings are interpreted as evidence against a Fine-Tuning Hypothesis to explain the content of mothers' speech to children. The role of discourse topic restrictions in limiting the distribution of semantic roles is discussed.

Analysis of Ultrasonic Seam Tensile Properties of Thermal Bonded Nonwoven Fabrics

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 155892501400900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmut Kayar
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Nonwoven Fabric ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Area Density ◽  
Nonwoven Fabrics

Ultrasonic seam strength and elongation at break properties of thermal bonded nonwoven fabrics are discussed in this study; and the effects of fiber type, fabric area density, and roller type on ultrasonic tensile properties of nonwoven fabrics are reported. Polypropylene (PP), Polyester (PES), and Polyamide – Polyester (70% PA - 30%PES) blend of thermal bonded nonwoven fabrics were used, and the seam strength and elongation at break were measured and the obtained data were evaluated. At the end of the experimental studies, the data from the ultrasonic tensile properties of thermal bonded nonwoven fabrics which were made of different fibers and same production method were evaluated in order to determine the tensile properties which lead to the best result. The experimental results show that the PP thermal bonded nonwoven fabric tended to provide the best seam strength and elongation at break values.

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