scholarly journals An Effective Toss-and-Catch Algorithm for Fixed-Rail Mobile Terminal Equipment That Ensures Reliable Transmission and Non-Interruptible Handovers

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 582
Author(s):  
Yao-Liang Chung ◽  
Sheng-Hui Wu
Keyword(s):  
Fading Channel ◽  
Mobile Terminal ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Rail Transportation ◽  
Selection Mechanism ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Support Mechanism ◽  
Reliable Transmission ◽  
Terminal Equipment

The physical characteristics of fifth generation (5G) cellular network wavelengths result in quicker attenuation and smaller base station (BS) coverage area, which in turn, cause BSs to naturally transform into small cell BSs (SBSs). However, in the case of fixed-rail transportation, they often cover long distances when deployed and pass by multiple SBSs; hence, the connection of the terminal equipment in these forms of transportation is subjected to frequent handovers. Therefore, it is important to address the issue of identifying suitable SBSs for each handover such that a certain level of service quality and non-interruptible transmission can be achieved. In the present study, we proposed a new handover selection algorithm named the toss-and-catch algorithm. By means of an efficient SBS selection mechanism and configuration settings, the algorithm selects suitable SBSs to ensure reliable transmission and non-interruptible handovers. Meanwhile, with the assistance of an overload support mechanism, the algorithm is able to resist changes in channel environments under most conditions. In order to apply our results in more realistic channel environments, we performed all-inclusive simulations based on different symmetric fading channel environments, with the aim of developing more practical SBS selection and handover methods for mobile terminal equipment. The multitude of simulation results indicates that from the perspective of terminal equipment in fixed-rail transportation, under most conditions, the performance of the toss-and-catch algorithm in terms of signal quality and handover connection was superior to those of other conventional methods. For example, the toss-and-catch algorithm outperformed the random SBS selection method in a typical fading channel environment (e.g., Nakagami-1 fading), achieving, on average, an approximately 28% improvement in signal quality, an approximately 50% reduction in the disconnection rate for handover connections, and an approximately 71% improvement in processable load ratio. These results indicate that the toss-and-catch algorithm allows for a greater number of suitable SBS handover candidates to be identified, making it a promising SBS handover selection mechanism for 5G fixed-rail transportation networks.

Analysis of the Effect of Tilting Antenna on the Coverage Area of ??the 4G LTE Network (Case Study of Trenggalek District)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Rizal Aji Istantowi
Keyword(s):  
Base Station ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Lte Networks ◽  
Lte Network ◽  
Big Cities ◽  
4G Lte ◽  
4G Lte Networks

4G LTE networks in big cities are already well available. Meanwhile, on small to medium-sized cities, the 4G LTE network is not evenly distributed and maximized. This study chooses the variable tilting antenna to the coverage area, because in sending information from a base station using an antenna. The average RSRP value (dBm) of the existing base station in the calculation with a distance of 200 m is -122.90 dBm, a distance of 500 m is -136.79 dBm, and a distance of 1000 m -147.30 dBm. Meanwhile, in the simulation with a distance of 200 m of -108.22 dBm, a distance of 500 m of -121.81 dBm, and a distance of 1000 m of -132.69 dBm. The coverage area value of the existing base station in the calculation is 5.29%, while in the simulation it is 11.18%. The average RSRP value (dBm) at optimal conditions for calculations at a distance of 200 m is -80.13 dBm, at a distance of 500 m is -94.03 dBm and at a distance of 1000 m is -104.56 dBm. Meanwhile, the simulation at a distance of 200 m is -98.09 dBm, at a distance of 500 m is -112.79 dBm and at a distance of 1000 m is -123.31 dBm. The value of the coverage area for the calculation is 20.32%, while for the simulation it is 15.01%. The current need for base stations in Trenggalek District that has been met is 68%.

Optimization of Placement of Electronic Data Capture (EDC) Based on 3G Test Drive in Shopping Center Buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Andari Dyah Widowatie
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Shopping Center ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Test Drive ◽  
A Value ◽  
Cash Payment ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Link Budget

The problem that often occurs in malls or supermarkets is the use of EDC as a non-cash payment tool for alternative customers. However, the use of EDC machines sometimes experiences problems, namely when customers enter data so that transactions take longer, so this study aims to analyze the optimization of EDC placement in shopping center buildings. This research method is to measure the parameters, namely the RSCP and the closest antenna coverage from the EDC. In this study, three samples were taken, namely Cassa 1, 2 and 3 at Matahari Department Store Malang Town Square. The results of this study were obtained that the Drive Test in the Matahari room showed that Cassa-1, Cassa-2 and Cassa-3 received RSCP with green color which means good. Two of the three tools, namely Drive Test and Mobile can display RSCP with a value that is not too much difference. Especially for EDC is only able to visually display the RSCP and the results of previous calculations, the value of ten antennas which is in the Matahari room has a coverage area below 10 m. And the UG-12 antenna, which is the closest antenna to Cassa-3,  that is outside the antenna coverage, while the UG-08 antenna can still reach the Cassa-3 area. This shows that the placement of EDC has met the requirements to get adequate signal quality and the position of the Cassa table can be moved according to the antenna coverage calculation on the Link budget and Path Loss calculations

scholarly journals Predictive Algorithm for Handover Decisions between LTE and LTE-A Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 110-126
Author(s):  
Wafa Benaatou ◽  
Adnane Latif ◽  
Vicent Pla
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Mean Square Error ◽  
Fuzzy Inference ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Mobile Terminal ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Inference System

A heterogeneous wireless network needs to maintain seamless mobility and service continuity; for this reason, we have proposed an approach based on the combination of particle swarm optimization (PSO) and an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to forecast a handover during a movement of a mobile terminal from a serving base station to target base station. Additionally, the handover decision is made by considering several parameters, such as peak data rate, latency, packet loss, and power consumption, to select the best network for handover from an LTE to an LTE-A network. The performance efficiency of the new hybrid approach is determined by computing different statistical parameters, such as root mean square error (RMSE), coefficient of determination (R2), mean square error (MSE), and error standard deviation (StD). The execution of the proposed approach has been performed using MATLAB software. The simulation results show that the hybrid PSO-ANFIS model has better performance than other approaches in terms of prediction accuracy and reduction of handover latency and the power consumption in the network.  

scholarly journals Enhancement of WiMAX networks using OPNET modeler platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1510
Author(s):  
Noor Nateq Alfaisaly ◽  
Suhad Qasim Naeem ◽  
Azhar Hussein Neama
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Channel Model ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Multipath Channel ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Wimax Networks ◽  
Better Than

Worldwide interoperability microwave access (WiMAX) is an 802.16 wireless standard that delivers high speed, provides a data rate of 100 Mbps and a coverage area of 50 km. Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) is flexible and offers low-cost telephony for clients over IP. However, there are still many challenges that must be addressed to provide a stable and good quality voice connection over the internet. The performance of various parameters such as multipath channel model and bandwidth over the Star trajectoryWiMAX network were evaluated under a scenario consisting of four cells. Each cell contains one mobile and one base station. Network performance metrics such as throughput and MOS were used to evaluate the best performance of VoIP codecs. Performance was analyzed via OPNET program14.5. The result use of multipath channel model (disable) was better than using the model (ITU pedestrian A). The value of the throughput at 15 dB was approximately 1600 packet/sec, and at -1 dB was its value 1300 packet/se. According to data, the Multipath channel model of the disable type the value of the MOS was better than the ITU Pedestrian A type.

scholarly journals Estimating the Performance of MIMO SC-FDE Systems Using SISO Measurements

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 7492
Author(s):  
Daniel Fernandes ◽  
Francisco Cercas ◽  
Rui Dinis ◽  
Pedro Sebastião
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Input Multiple Output ◽  
Decision Feedback ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
Single Input Single Output ◽  
Single Carrier ◽  
Single Output ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Siso Systems

The demand for ubiquitous telecommunications services forces operators to have a special concern about signal quality and the coverage area they offer to their customers. This was usually checked by using suitable propagation models for Single Input Single Output (SISO) systems, which are no longer the case for new and future mobile generations, such as 5G and beyond. To guarantee good signal quality coverage, operators started to replace these models with Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) ones. To achieve the best results, these models are usually calibrated with Drive Test (DT) measures; however, the DTs available for MIMO propagation models are sparse, in contrast to SISO ones. The main contribution presented in this paper is a methodology to extend the propagation models of SISO systems so they can be applied in MIMO sytems with Single-Carrier and Frequency-Domain Equalization (SC-FDE), while still using DTs acquired for SISO systems. This paper presents the impact on Bit Error Rate (BER) performance and its coverage area resulting from the application of our proposed method. We consider a MIMO SC-FDE system with an Iterative Block Decision Feedback Equalization (IB-DFE) receiver and we present the improvement expressions for the BER that we illustrate with some simulations.

Research of Mobile Terminal QOS Analysis Model Based on Time and Location

2012 ◽  
Vol 263-266 ◽  
pp. 1008-1011
Author(s):  
Xiao Ming Bai ◽  
Lin Lai
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Terminal ◽  
The Other ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Communication Industry ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Network Quality

With the communication industry becoming more and more competitive, the communication operators is paying more and more attentions on the network quality. The paper proposed the terminal signal quality analysis model based on the time and location which uses the technology of the terminal routing tracking and the signal data analysising.The model starting with the time and location,combines with the signal data of the station and the terminal,associates to related data of the other systems,come to the signal qality of the terminal during the move.

scholarly journals A Lightweight Neighbor-Info-Based Routing Protocol for No-Base-Station Taxi-Call System

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xudong Zhu ◽  
Jinhang Wang ◽  
Yunchao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Signal Quality ◽  
Topology Change ◽  
Call System ◽  
Wireless Signal ◽  
Short Connection ◽  
Reliable Path ◽  
Better Than

Since the quick topology change and short connection duration, the VANET has had unstable routing and wireless signal quality. This paper proposes a kind of lightweight routing protocol-LNIB for call system without base station, which is applicable to the urban taxis. LNIB maintains and predicts neighbor information dynamically, thus finding the reliable path between the source and the target. This paper describes the protocol in detail and evaluates the performance of this protocol by simulating under different nodes density and speed. The result of evaluation shows that the performance of LNIB is better than AODV which is a classic protocol in taxi-call scene.

scholarly journals Spacecraft Formation Orbit Estimation Using WLPS-Based Localization

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Ting Goh ◽  
Ossama Abdelkhalik ◽  
Seyed A. (Reza) Zekavat
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Position Estimation ◽  
Absolute Position ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
Spacecraft Formation ◽  
Spacecraft Formation Flying ◽  
Local Positioning System

This paper studies the implementation of a novel wireless local positioning system (WLPS) for spacecraft formation flying to maintain high-performance spacecraft relative and absolute position estimation. A WLPS equipped with antenna arrays allows each spacecraft to measure the relative range and coordinate angle(s) of other spacecraft located in its coverage area. The dynamic base station and the transponder of WLPS enable spacecraft to localize each other in the formation. Because the signal travels roundtrip in WLPS, and due to the high spacecraft velocities, the signal transmission time delay reduces the localization performance. This work studies spacecraft formation positions estimation performance assuming that only WLPS is available onboard. The feasibility of estimating the spacecraft absolute position using only one-dimensional antenna array is also investigated. The effect of including GPS measurements in addition to WLPS is studied and compared to a GPS standalone system.

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