scholarly journals Calculating Beamforming Vectors for 5G System Applications

Symmetry ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2423
Author(s):  
Edgar Dmitriyev ◽  
Eugeniy Rogozhnikov ◽  
Natalia Duplishcheva ◽  
Serafim Novichkov
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Mimo Channel ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Broadband Internet ◽  
Channel Matrix ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Correlated Information ◽  
Value Decomposition

The growing demand for broadband Internet services is forcing scientists around the world to seek and develop new telecommunication technologies. With the transition from the fourth generation to the fifth generation wireless communication systems, one of these technologies is beamforming. The need for this technology was caused by the use of millimeter waves in data transmission. This frequency range is characterized by heavy path loss. The beamforming technology could compensate for this significant drawback. This paper discusses basic beamforming schemes and proposes a model implemented on the basis of QuaDRiGa. The model implements a MIMO channel using symmetrical antenna arrays. In addition, the methods for calculating the antenna weight coefficients based on the channel matrix are compared. The first well-known method is based on the addition of cluster responses to calculate the coefficients. The proposed one uses the singular value decomposition of the channel matrix into clusters to take into account the most correlated information between all clusters when calculating the antenna coefficients. According to the research results, the proposed method for calculating the antenna coefficients allows an increase in the SNR/SINR level by 8–10 dB on the receiving side in the case of analog beamforming with a known channel matrix.

scholarly journals 2D-OPC Subarray Structure for Efficient Hybrid Beamforming over Sparse mmWave Channels

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Junhyuk Yoo ◽  
Wonjin Sung ◽  
In-Kyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Hardware Cost ◽  
Antenna Structure ◽  
Digital Beamforming ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Hybrid Beamforming

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication is a key technology of 5G new radio (NR) mobile communication systems. Efficient beamforming using a large antenna array is important to cope with the significant path loss experienced in the mmWave spectrum. The existing fully digital beamforming scheme requires a separate radio frequency (RF) chain for each antenna, which results in an excessive hardware cost and consumption power. Under these circumstances, hybrid beamforming which approaches the performance of fully digital beamforming while reducing the complexity is a promising solution for the mmWave multiuser transmission. By extending the existing hybrid beamforming strategies, this paper proposes a novel architecture which effectively reduces the hardware cost and complexity for large antenna arrays. The proposed scheme includes multiple subarrays in the form of uniform planar array (UPA) which are allowed to be overlapped in the two-dimensional space. The corresponding antenna structure is referred to as the two-dimensional overlapped partially connected (2D-OPC) subarray structure. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme to suggest performance-complexity trade-offs in designing versatile antenna arrays for efficient beamforming over the mmWave channel.

scholarly journals Design and Simulation of Optimal Number of Small Cells Deployment in Fourth-Generation Cellular Networks

2021 ◽  
pp. 583-588
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ibrahim Shujaa ◽  
◽  
Nada Qasim Mohammed ◽  
Moustafa K. Ibrahim ◽  
Qasim Mohammed Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cells ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Coverage Area ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Cell Placement

In next-generation of wireless communication systems, Fifth-Generation (5G), small cells deployment is one of the most important issues that must be taking in the account. This paper discusses this issue in three aspects. First, it aims to derive the Critical Handover Location (CHL) point for neighbouring wireless stations which in turn is considered an entrance to the second aspect of this work that decides the small cell placement in one network. Finally, the work proposed a new approach to evaluating the Number of Small Cells (NRS) deployment mathematically. The proposed approach provides the balance in resources allocation in the network in terms of transmitted power of each small cell and their placement in order to provide maximum capacity and coverage area with a lower level of interference between nearest wireless stations thus decreasing the total cost of network insulation.

5G/B5G Internet of Things MIMO Antenna Design

Signals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ikram
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Antenna Design ◽  
Slot Antenna ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Mimo Antenna ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Sixth Generation ◽  
Multiple Input

The current and future wireless communication systems, WiFi, fourth generation (4G), fifth generation (5G), Beyond5G, and sixth generation (6G), are mixtures of many frequency spectrums. Thus, multi-functional common or shared aperture antenna modules, which operate at multiband frequency spectrums, are very desirable. This paper presents a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna design for the 5G/B5G Internet of Things (IoT). The proposed MIMO antenna is designed to operate at multiple bands, i.e., at 3.5 GHz, 3.6 GHz, and 3.7 GHz microwave Sub-6 GHz and 28 GHz mm-wave bands, by employing a single radiating aperture, which is based on a tapered slot antenna. As a proof of concept, multiple tapered slots are placed on the corner of the proposed prototype. With this configuration, multiple directive beams pointing in different directions have been achieved at both bands, which in turn provide uncorrelated channels in MIMO communication. A 3.5 dBi realized gain at 3.6 GHz and an 8 dBi realized gain at 28 GHz are achieved, showing that the proposed design is a suitable candidate for multiple wireless communication standards at Sub-6 GHz and mm-wave bands. The final MIMO structure is printed using PCB technology with an overall size of 120 × 60 × 10 mm3, which matches the dimensions of a modern mobile phone.

SIMULATION OF MIMO CHANNEL OF FIFTH GENERATION NETWORKS IN MATLAB SIMULINK SYSTEM

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Magnitskiy
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Antenna Arrays ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Mimo System ◽  
Mimo Channel ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
Wireless Communication System ◽  
Simulink Model ◽  
Fifth Generation

The article describes the Simulink model of the hardware of the MIMO wireless communication system. The model includes a CRC generator, QPSK, OFDM modulator, and antenna arrays at the transmitter and receiver. The presented model makes it possible to simulate the expensive transmit-receive equipment of the MIMO system, and also illustrates the capabilities of Simulink.

scholarly journals Relay Selection Scheme for Multi-Hop Transmission of MU-MIMO System

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won-Chang Kim ◽  
Min-Jae Paek ◽  
Hyoung-Kyu Song
Keyword(s):  
Communication Systems ◽  
Relay Selection ◽  
Mimo System ◽  
Singular Values ◽  
Mimo Channel ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Transmission Scheme ◽  
Selection Scheme ◽  
Channel Matrix ◽  
Cell Coverage

Recently, wireless communication systems use a multi-hop transmission scheme using a relay to expand the cell coverage of the system. The multi-hop transmission scheme can expand the cell coverage of wireless communication systems. However, if an appropriate relay is not selected, errors generated during signal processing in the relay are transmitted to the receiver. Therefore, a relay selection scheme is essential for reliable multi-hop transmission. This paper proposes a relay selection scheme for reliable multi-hop transmission in a multi user-multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) system. The proposed relay selection scheme uses a MIMO channel matrix between the transmitter and relays to select an appropriate relay. The proposed relay selection scheme obtains the singular values of the MIMO channel matrix using the singular value decomposition (SVD). Then, the sum of the singular values is calculated, and the relay having the largest value is selected. Therefore, in the proposed relay selection scheme, although the transmitter only knows the channel information between the transmitter and relays, the transmitter can select an appropriate relay for reliable multi-hop transmission.

scholarly journals Mobile Phone Passive Positioning through the Detection of Uplink Signals for Search and Rescue

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 4526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gao ◽  
Deng ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Sun ◽  
Li
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
High Detection ◽  
Positioning Method ◽  
Life Detection

To satisfy the service requirements of high accuracy and efficient life detection and location for search and rescue (SAR) missions after a disaster, we developed a passive positioning method to locate mobile phones by capturing the random access preamble, which can be applied to fourth-generation (4G) and even fifth-generation (5G) communication systems. We analyzed the characteristics of the random access procedure of a communication system and established a way to detect mobile phones by combining the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) estimation to determine the location. Then, we performed an experiment and a simulation of preamble sequence acquisition, and the results proved that the method is feasible and has high detection accuracy in high-noise conditions.

A Method for Spatial Point-Focusing of Radio Wave Energy for Fifth-Generation Communication Systems

Vestnik MEI ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 158-165
Author(s):  
Roman S. Kulikov ◽  
◽  
Aleksandr A. Chugunov ◽  
Nikita I. Petukhov ◽  
Ivan R. Indrikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radio Wave ◽  
Wave Energy ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Spatial Point ◽  
Fifth Generation

The SUSPECT SYMPTOMS OF INBREEDING DEPRESSION AND THE HOMOZYGOSITY LEVEL OF FOURTH GENERATION OF SP450T AND FIFTH GENERATION OF DURA DELI OIL PALM SELFING POPULATION

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Rokhana Faizah ◽  
Sri Wening ◽  
Hernawan Yuli Rahmadi ◽  
Abdul Razak Purba
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Reciprocal Recurrent Selection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Simple Sequence

Inbreeding is a common method used to reproduce candidate mother plant from selected parental lines for commercial seeds in Reciprocal Recurrent Selection (RRS) oil palm breeding program. However this practice may increased homozigosity level of selected population. This study concerned the level of homozygosity of SP540T fourth generations and Dura Deli Dolok Sinumbah fifth generations (3 crosses respectively) and their correlation with inbreeding depression symptoms. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Simple Sequence Repeat (PCR-SSR) with 16 markers developed for oil palm was used to analyze 327 samples. The result shows that the levels of homozigosity of SP540T fourth selfing generation were ranged between 0.44-0.84 or 0.61 in average. While the levels of homozygosity of Dura Deli fifth selfing generations were ranged between 0.60-0.93 or 0.78 in average. The homozygosity level in Dura Deli was 1.27% higher than SP540T populations. Correlation analysis showed that the higher the level of homozygosity, the higher of the inbreeding symptoms 2 observed (R =0.95).

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