scholarly journals Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins

Toxins ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evanthia Mantzouki ◽  
Miquel Lürling ◽  
Jutta Fastner ◽  
Lisette De Senerpont Domis ◽  
Elżbieta Wilk-Woźniak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Toxin Production ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Cyanobacterial Toxins ◽  
Toxic Species ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
The Relationship

Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains.

scholarly journals Pengaruh viral marketing dan endorser terhadap keputusan pembelian dengan brand awareness sebagai variabel intervening

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anggi Irawan ◽  
Irwan Misbach
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Viral Marketing ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Purchasing Decisions ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to examine the direct and indirect effects of viral marketing on endorsers on purchasing decisions mediated by brand awareness as mediation. This research is a type of quantitative research with an associative approach. The population in this study were users of Oppo smartphone products in Makassar City. The sampling technique used accidental sampling and purposive sampling. The number of samples was 100 respondents using the Hair formula. The data used are primary data derived from questionnaire answers. Data analysis used Path Analysis with the help of SPSS 21. The results showed that viral marketing and endorsers had a positive and significant effect on brand awareness. Furthermore, viral marketing, endorsers and brand awareness directly have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. In addition, the results of this study also show that brand awareness is able to mediate the relationship between viral marketing and endorsers on purchasing decisions. The implication of this research needs to be reinforced in product promotion so that consumers are able to remember products continuously which can have an impact on product purchasing decisions.

scholarly journals The Relationship between LGBT Executives and Firms’ Value and Financial Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 596
Author(s):  
Isabel Costa Lourenço ◽  
Donatella Di Marco ◽  
Manuel Castelo Branco ◽  
Ana Isabel Lopes ◽  
Raquel Wille Sarquis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Firm Value ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Policies And Practices

Drawing on resource-based theory, we analyze the relationship between having LGBT executives in a firm’s leadership positions and its value and financial performance. The existence of LGBT executives is considered to be associated with employee and customer goodwill towards LGBT-friendly policies and practices and to lead to human capital and reputational benefits. Our findings suggest that there is a positive effect of the presence of LBGT executives on a firm’s value, both directly and indirectly, through its effect on the firm’s financial performance. We interpret this as suggesting that besides the direct effect of the existence of LGBT executives on a firm’s value, an indirect effect also exists, mediated through financial performance, presumably through the effect that this has on employee and customer goodwill towards LGBT-friendly policies and practices. As far as we are aware, our study is the first to examine the impacts of the presence of LGBT executives, as well as distinguish between its direct and indirect effects on firm value.

scholarly journals THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF INTEREST ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN DEMORAPHIC ASPECTS AND THE DECISION FOR BEING AND ENTREPRENEUR

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arief Tukiman Hendrawijaya
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Family Member ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Street Vendors ◽  
Entrepreneurial Decision ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Effect Of Age

The study analyzes the effect of age, education, gender, experience, and the number of family members on the interest to be an entrepreneur and entrepreneurial decision. In addition, the study tests whether the interest to be an entrepreneur mediates the effect of age, education, gender, experience, and family number on the decision to be an entrepreneur. The population of the study are the street vendors in the Jember downtown. The samples consist of 192 respondents. This research uses the path analysis to determine the direct and indirect effects. The results show that age, education, gender, experience, and the number of family member have positive and significant effects on interest and the decision to become an entrepreneur. Interest mediates the effect of age, education, gender, experience, and the number of family member on the decision to become an entrepreneur.

Injury and Depression: The Mediating Effects of Self-Concept

1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica A. Seff ◽  
Viktor Gecas ◽  
Margaret P. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Injured Workers ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Work Limitation ◽  
The Relationship

This study further specifies the relationship between injury, self-conceptions, and depression. With the use of path analysis, we look at the direct and indirect effects of pain and work limitation associated with a job-related injury on self-efficacy, self-esteem and depression for a sample of injured workers (N = 1,037). As expected, we found that self-efficacy and self-esteem are negatively associated with depression, while work limitation and pain are positively associated with depression. We also found that work limitation has additional indirect effects on depression through its effect on self-efficacy and self-esteem. Pain has an additional indirect effect on depression via its effect on self-efficacy and work limitation. These findings support our expectation that self-concept significantly mediates the relationship between physical injury and depression.

scholarly journals Serum Levels of Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylarginine in Women with Vitamin D Deficiency and History of Pregnancy Loss – A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar Damiati
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Symmetric Dimethylarginine ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Circulating Levels

Summary Background: Vitamin D deficiency has been reported to be associated with pregnancy loss. Asymmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethyl-L-arginine (SDMA) are arginine analogues that have direct and indirect effects on nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and endothelial dysfunction. This study aimed to evaluate ADMA and SDMA levels among women with history of pregnancy loss compared to women without history of pregnancy loss and all participants were suffering from vitamin D deficiency. Methods: To investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and ADMA and SDMA, both groups of women were experiencing vitamin D deficiency. All women enrolled in this study had a vitamin D level below 75 nmol/L and were not pregnant. ADMA and SDMA levels were investigated in 28 women without a history of pregnancy loss and 19 women with a history of pregnancy loss. Results: No statistically significant differences were found in ADMA and SDMA levels among the two groups. The correlation analysis showed that vitamin D deficiency was not significantly inversely correlated with ADMA and SDMA in women without a history of pregnancy loss, but was significantly correlated with SDMA in women with a history of pregnancy loss. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency, in women with or without a history of failed clinical pregnancies, has no effect on the circulating levels of ADMA and SDMA. Further studies are needed to investigate any possible link between these parameters.

scholarly journals The Relationships among Social Support, Bowel Function Symptoms and Uncertainty in Rectal Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-430
Author(s):  
Kyungmi Lee ◽  
Semi Lim
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Rectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Bowel Function ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose: This study examined the mediating effect of bowel function symptoms in the relationship between social support and uncertainty in rectal cancer patients.Methods: In total, 132 rectal cancer patients were recruited online. Data were collected from October 1, 2020 to October 31, 2020 using on-line questionnaires and were analyzed using the t-test, analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients and bootstrapping for mediation.Results: Social support had a significant and positive effect on bowel function symptoms and a negative effect on uncertainty. Bowel function symptoms had a significant negative effect on uncertainty; and showed a statistically significant mediating effect in the relationship between social support and uncertainty. In other words, social support had direct and indirect effects on uncertainty.Conclusion: In rectal cancer patients, social support attenuated bowel function symptoms and showed direct and indirect effects on uncertainty. Therefore, to increase the social support of rectal cancer patients, the patients’ family, friends, and meaningful others should be involved in providing nursing. In order to reduce bowel function symptoms, which have a mediating effect, rectal cancer patients need to be well aware of the symptoms of bowel function that change after surgery. Systematic pre- and post- operative education would be help reduce uncertainty.

scholarly journals Role of Satisfaction in Mediating the Effect of Services Quality on the Customers’ Loyalty in the Village Credit Institutions of Pekraman, Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ngurah Gede Sadiartha ◽  
Gusti Ayu Mirah Apsari
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Services Quality ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Credit Institution ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

Loyalty is a deep commitment to repurchase a product or service that becomes a preference consistently in the future by repurchasing the same product. The problem formulation in this study is how are the direct and indirect effects of services quality through satisfaction on the consumers’ loyalty.  This study aims to know the direct and indirect effect of services quality through satisfaction on the consumers’ loyalty. The study was conducted by the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan located in Gajah Mada street 107, Tabanan. The number of samples is 94 customers with slovin’s formula and accidental sampling method. The techniques of data collection used were interviews, documentation, literature review and questionnaire. The research instruments used were validity test and reliability test. The technique of data analysis used was path analysis with sobel test. Based on the result of calculation, it showed that the services quality had a positive and significant effect on the customers’ satisfaction in the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan as many as  0,000 < 0,05. Thus, H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. The customers’ satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on the customers’ loyalty in the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan as many as 0,000 < 0,05. The services quality had a positive and significant effect of the customers’ loyalty in the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan as many as 0,000 < 0,05. Thus, H0 was rejected and H3 was accepted. Based on the result of calculation, it showed that Zcount (5,323)> Z table (1,96). Thus, the customers’ loyalty can mediate the relationship between customers’ services quality and loyalty on the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan. For the services quality, it is needed to improve the services given to the customers. For instance, it is provided the more exciting interest adjusted to the type of savings chosen by the customers so they will feel more satisfied and can develop their loyalty

scholarly journals The Role of Satisfaction in Mediating the Effect of Services Quality on the Customers’ Loyalty in the Village Credit Institution of Pekraman, Tabanan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-89
Author(s):  
Anak Agung Ngurah Gede Sadiartha ◽  
Gusti Ayu Mirah Apsari
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Services Quality ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Reliability Test ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Credit Institution ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

Loyalty is a deep commitment to repurchase a product or service that becomes a preference consistently in the future by repurchasing the same product. The problem formulation in this study is how are the direct and indirect effects of services quality through satisfaction on the consumers’ loyalty.  This study aims to know the direct and indirect effect of services quality through satisfaction on the consumers’ loyalty. The study was conducted by the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan located in Gajah Mada street 107, Tabanan. The number of samples is 94 customers with slovin’s formula and accidental sampling method. The techniques of data collection used were interviews, documentation, literature review and questionnaire. The research instruments used were validity test and reliability test. The technique of data analysis used was path analysis with sobel test. Based on the result of calculation, it showed that the services quality had a positive and significant effect on the customers’ satisfaction in the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan as many as  0,000 < 0,05. Thus, H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. The customers’ satisfaction had a positive and significant effect on the customers’ loyalty in the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan as many as 0,000 < 0,05. The services quality had a positive and significant effect of the customers’ loyalty in the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan as many as 0,000 < 0,05. Thus, H0 was rejected and H3 was accepted. Based on the result of calculation, it showed that Zcount (5,323)> Z table (1,96). Thus, the customers’ loyalty can mediate the relationship between customers’ services quality and loyalty on the village credit institution of Pekraman, Tabanan. For the services quality, it is needed to improve the services given to the customers. For instance, it is provided the more exciting interest adjusted to the type of savings chosen by the customers so they will feel more satisfied and can develop their loyalty

Emotional Intelligence and Its Direct and Indirect Effects on Personal and Organisational Effectiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Manpreet Kaur Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Organisational Culture ◽  
Direct And Indirect Effects ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Organisational Effectiveness ◽  
Personal Effectiveness ◽  
The Relationship

This literature review examined the relationship between emotional intelligence and organisational and personal effectiveness.  And, various factors which intermediate the relation between the two i.e. factors like  improved organisational culture, high goal attainment, high client satisfaction, high performance, job satisfaction and employee creativity. This study revealed that there is a strong positive relation between EI and above mentioned factors, hence, EI should be considered as an important element in any organisational or personal effectiveness in any given situation.

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