scholarly journals Endothelial Damage, Inflammation and Immunity in Chronic Kidney Disease

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maribel Diaz-Ricart ◽  
Sergi Torramade-Moix ◽  
Georgina Pascual ◽  
Marta Palomo ◽  
Ana Belen Moreno-Castaño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ischemic Complications ◽  
Molecular Patterns ◽  
Multiple Cells

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients have an accelerated atherosclerosis, increased risk of thrombotic-ischemic complications, and excessive mortality rates when compared with the general population. There is also evidence of an endothelial damage in which the proinflammatory state, the enhanced oxidative stress, or the accumulation of toxins due to their reduced renal clearance in uremia play a role. Further, there is evidence that uremic endothelial cells are both involved in and victims of the activation of the innate immunity. Uremic endothelial cells produce danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPS), which by binding to specific pattern recognition receptors expressed in multiple cells, including endothelial cells, induce the expression of adhesion molecules, the production of proinflammatory cytokines and an enhanced production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial cells, which constitute a link between immunity and inflammation. The connection between endothelial damage, inflammation and defective immunity in uremia will be reviewed here.

scholarly journals Circulating Endothelial Cells and Chronic Kidney Disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunying Zhang ◽  
Fang Yin ◽  
Lin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Vascular Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Circulating Endothelial Cells ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome

Endothelial dysfunction may play a crucial role in initiation of the pathogenesis of vascular disease and atherosclerosis. The identification and quantification of circulating endothelial cells (CEC) have been developed as a novel marker of endothelial function. We describe, in great detail, mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction and CEC detachment. We also review the relationship between numbers of CEC and disease severity and response to treatment. In addition, we describe the possible clinical use of CEC in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney transplantation. In summary, CEC have been developed as a novel approach to assess the endothelial damage. Measurement of the CEC level would provide an important diagnostic and prognostic value on the endothelium status and the long-term outcome of vascular dysfunction.

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Immune Dysfunctions: Impact of Protein-Bound Uremic Retention Solutes on Immune Cells

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Espi ◽  
Laetitia Koppe ◽  
Denis Fouque ◽  
Olivier Thaunat
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adaptive Immune Systems ◽  
Immune Dysfunctions

Regardless of the primary disease responsible for kidney failure, patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) have in common multiple impairments of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, the pathophysiology of which has long remained enigmatic. CKD-associated immune dysfunction includes chronic low-grade activation of monocytes and neutrophils, which induces endothelial damage and increases cardiovascular risk. Although innate immune effectors are activated during CKD, their anti-bacterial capacity is impaired, leading to increased susceptibility to extracellular bacterial infections. Finally, CKD patients are also characterized by profound alterations of cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses, which account for an increased risk for malignancies and viral infections. This review summarizes the recent emerging data that link the pathophysiology of CKD-associated immune dysfunctions with the accumulation of microbiota-derived metabolites, including indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate, the two best characterized protein-bound uremic retention solutes.

Stroke in chronic renal failure

2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (15) ◽  
pp. 691-696
Author(s):  
Dániel Bereczki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhages

Chronic kidney diseases and cardiovascular diseases have several common risk factors like hypertension and diabetes. In chronic renal disease stroke risk is several times higher than in the average population. The combination of classical risk factors and those characteristic of chronic kidney disease might explain this increased risk. Among acute cerebrovascular diseases intracerebral hemorrhages are more frequent than in those with normal kidney function. The outcome of stroke is worse in chronic kidney disease. The treatment of stroke (thrombolysis, antiplatelet and anticoagulant treatment, statins, etc.) is an area of clinical research in this patient group. There are no reliable data on the application of thrombolysis in acute stroke in patients with chronic renal disease. Aspirin might be administered. Carefulness, individual considerations and lower doses might be appropriate when using other treatments. The condition of the kidney as well as other associated diseases should be considered during administration of antihypertensive and lipid lowering medications.

scholarly journals Postoperative acute kidney injury in adult non-cardiac surgery: joint consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative and PeriOperative Quality Initiative

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Prowle ◽  
Lui G. Forni ◽  
Max Bell ◽  
Michelle S. Chew ◽  
Mark Edwards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Major Surgery ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractPostoperative acute kidney injury (PO-AKI) is a common complication of major surgery that is strongly associated with short-term surgical complications and long-term adverse outcomes, including increased risk of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular events and death. Risk factors for PO-AKI include older age and comorbid diseases such as chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus. PO-AKI is best defined as AKI occurring within 7 days of an operative intervention using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition of AKI; however, additional prognostic information may be gained from detailed clinical assessment and other diagnostic investigations in the form of a focused kidney health assessment (KHA). Prevention of PO-AKI is largely based on identification of high baseline risk, monitoring and reduction of nephrotoxic insults, whereas treatment involves the application of a bundle of interventions to avoid secondary kidney injury and mitigate the severity of AKI. As PO-AKI is strongly associated with long-term adverse outcomes, some form of follow-up KHA is essential; however, the form and location of this will be dictated by the nature and severity of the AKI. In this Consensus Statement, we provide graded recommendations for AKI after non-cardiac surgery and highlight priorities for future research.

scholarly journals Association of leukocyte telomere length with chronic kidney disease in East Asians with type 2 diabetes: A Mendelian randomization study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Resham L Gurung ◽  
Rajkumar Dorajoo ◽  
Yiamunaa M ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Sylvia Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Telomere Length ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Leukocyte Telomere Length ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Genetically Determined

Abstract Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common among type 2 diabetes (T2D) and increases the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular diseases. Shorter leukocyte telomere length is associated with CKD in patients with T2D. We previously reported single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with leukocyte telomere length in Asian population. In this study, we elucidated the association of these SNPs with CKD in patients with T2D using Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods The cross-sectional association of 16 leukocyte telomere length SNPs with CKD, defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 60 ml/min/1.73m2 was assessed among 4,768 (1,628 cases, 3,140 controls) participants in the Singapore Study of Macro-angiopathy and Micro-vascular Reactivity in Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy cohorts. MR analysis was performed using the random-effect inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method, the weighted median, MR-Egger and Radial MR adjusted for age and sex-stratified by cohorts and ethnicity (Chinese and Malays), then meta-analysed. Results Genetically determined shorter leukocyte telomere length was associated with increased risk of CKD in patients with T2D (meta-IVW adjusted odds ratio = 1.51 [95% confidence interval, 1.12 - 2.12; P = 0.007; Phet= 0.547]). Similar results were obtained following sensitivity analysis. MR-Egger analysis (intercept) suggested no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy (β  =  0.010, P = 0.751). Conclusions Our findings suggest that genetically determined leukocyte telomere length is associated with CKD in patients with T2D. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the causal role of telomere length in CKD progression.

scholarly journals Risk for recurrent cardiovascular disease events among patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Demetria Hubbard ◽  
Lisandro D. Colantonio ◽  
Robert S. Rosenson ◽  
Todd M. Brown ◽  
Elizabeth A. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Very High

Abstract Background Adults who have experienced multiple cardiovascular disease (CVD) events have a very high risk for additional events. Diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are each associated with an increased risk for recurrent CVD events following a myocardial infarction (MI). Methods We compared the risk for recurrent CVD events among US adults with health insurance who were hospitalized for an MI between 2014 and 2017 and had (1) CVD prior to their MI but were free from diabetes or CKD (prior CVD), and those without CVD prior to their MI who had (2) diabetes only, (3) CKD only and (4) both diabetes and CKD. We followed patients from hospital discharge through December 31, 2018 for recurrent CVD events including coronary, stroke, and peripheral artery events. Results Among 162,730 patients, 55.2% had prior CVD, and 28.3%, 8.3%, and 8.2% had diabetes only, CKD only, and both diabetes and CKD, respectively. The rate for recurrent CVD events per 1000 person-years was 135 among patients with prior CVD and 110, 124 and 171 among those with diabetes only, CKD only and both diabetes and CKD, respectively. Compared to patients with prior CVD, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for recurrent CVD events was 0.92 (95%CI 0.90–0.95), 0.89 (95%CI: 0.85–0.93), and 1.18 (95%CI: 1.14–1.22) among those with diabetes only, CKD only, and both diabetes and CKD, respectively. Conclusion Following MI, adults with both diabetes and CKD had a higher risk for recurrent CVD events compared to those with prior CVD without diabetes or CKD.

scholarly journals Dietary Micronutrients and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Cohort Study with 12 Year Follow-Up

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1517
Author(s):  
Juyeon Lee ◽  
Kook-Hwan Oh ◽  
Sue-Kyung Park
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Epidemiologic Study ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Ckd Stage

We investigated the association between dietary micronutrient intakes and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Ansan-Ansung study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiologic Study (KoGES), a population-based prospective cohort study. Of 9079 cohort participants with a baseline estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and a urine albumin to creatinine ratio (UACR) <300 mg/g and who were not diagnosed with CKD, we ascertained 1392 new CKD cases over 12 year follow-up periods. The risk of CKD according to dietary micronutrient intakes was presented using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) in a full multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, adjusted for multiple micronutrients and important clinico-epidemiological risk factors. Low dietary intakes of phosphorus (<400 mg/day), vitamin B2 (<0.7 mg/day) and high dietary intake of vitamin B6 (≥1.6 mg/day) and C (≥100 mg/day) were associated with an increased risk of CKD stage 3B and over, compared with the intake at recommended levels (HR = 6.78 [95%CI = 2.18–21.11]; HR = 2.90 [95%CI = 1.01–8.33]; HR = 2.71 [95%CI = 1.26–5.81]; HR = 1.83 [95%CI = 1.00–3.33], respectively). In the restricted population, excluding new CKD cases defined within 2 years, an additional association with low folate levels (<100 µg/day) in higher risk of CKD stage 3B and over was observed (HR = 6.72 [95%CI = 1.40–32.16]). None of the micronutrients showed a significant association with the risk of developing CKD stage 3A. Adequate intake of micronutrients may lower the risk of CKD stage 3B and over, suggesting that dietary guidelines are needed in the general population to prevent CKD.

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