scholarly journals Two Cases of Natural Infection of Dengue-2 Virus in Bats in the Colombian Caribbean

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Alfonso Calderón ◽  
Camilo Guzmán ◽  
Teresa Oviedo-Socarras ◽  
Salim Mattar ◽  
Virginia Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional

Dengue, a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease, is the most common vector-borne disease in tropical and subtropical areas. In this study, we aim to demonstrate biological evidence of dengue virus infection in bats. A cross-sectional study was carried out in the departments of Cordoba and Sucre, Colombia. A total of 286 bats were captured following the ethical protocols of animal experimentation. The specimens were identified and euthanized using a pharmacological treatment with atropine, acepromazine and sodium pentobarbital. Duplicate samples of brain, heart, lung, spleen, liver, and kidney were collected with one set stored in Trizol and the other stored in 10% buffered formalin for histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis using polyclonal antibodies. Brain samples from lactating mice with an intracranial inoculation of DENV-2 were used as a positive control. As a negative control, lactating mouse brains without inoculation and bats brains negative for RT-PCR were included. Tissue sections from each specimen of bat without conjugate were used as staining control. In a specimen of Carollia perspicillata captured in Ayapel (Cordoba) and Phylostomus discolor captured in San Carlos (Cordoba), dengue virus was detected, and sequences were matched to DENV serotype 2. In bats RT-PCR positive for dengue, lesions compatible with viral infections, and the presence of antigens in tissues were observed. Molecular findings, pathological lesions, and detection of antigens in tissues could demonstrate viral DENV-2 replication and may correspond to natural infection in bats. Additional studies are needed to elucidate the exact role of these species in dengue epidemics.

scholarly journals A Novel Gene, Le-Dd 10, Is Involved in Fruiting Body Formation of Lentinula Edodes

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Kishikawa ◽  
Satoshi Hamada ◽  
Ichiro Kamei ◽  
Yosuke Fujimoto ◽  
Kazuhiro Miyazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cdna Library ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Fruiting Body Formation

Abstract The cDNA library prepared from Lentinula edodes, Hokken 600 (H600), primordia was screened by using cDNA expressed specifically in Dictyostelium discoideum prestalk as a probe. Twenty-one clones, Le-Dd 1~21, were isolated from the L. edodes primordia cDNA library. Functional analysis of each gene was carried out by transformation into protoplast cells from L. edodes Mori 252 (M252) mycelia with the overexpression vector pLG-RasF1 of each gene because M252 protoplast cells were transformed with 11-fold higher efficiency than H600 cells. Transformants with the overexpression vector of Le-Dd10 formed a fruiting body at almost the same time as H600, a positive control, although M252, a negative control, did not form a fruiting body under culture conditions. This suggested that Le-Dd10 is involved in the formation of fruiting bodies. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis revealed that Le-Dd10 is located on No. 4 linkage group of L. edodes. The properties of Le-Dd10 products were investigated by Western blotting analysis using polyclonal antibodies against GST:Le-Dd10 fusion proteins. As a result, 56-kDa, 27-kDa, and 14-kDa protein bands appeared in primordial and fruiting body stages, although the expected molecular weight of the Le-Dd10 product was 50 kDa.

Reverse Transcriptase PCR (Rt-PCR) for Detection of Dengue and Chikungunya Virus of Mosquito Aedes aegypti in Sokaraja

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Dyah Retno Annisa ◽  
Endang Srimurni Kusmintarsih ◽  
Trisnowati Budi Ambarningrum
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Reverse Transcriptase ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Cross Sectional

dengue fever (DF). Meanwhile, chikungunya virus causes Chikungunya fever (CF). These diseases involve three organisms, namely virus, mosquito Aedes sp., and human. The transmission of dengue and chikungunya virus is related to the population of Ae. aegypti. Banyumas regency is one of the regions with many cases of dengue and chikungnya virus infections, particularly in Purwokerto, Sokaraja, and Cilongok sub-district. Up to this time, there is no medicine and vaccine provided to treat these viruses effectively. Thus, detection of virus inside vector will be effectively performed in order to predict the transmission risk of dengue and chikungunya virus. This research aimed to know the molecular detection of dengue and chikungunya virus on adult Ae.aegypti mosquito in Sokaraja Region, Banyumas Regency. Survey was done by a cross-sectional method in Sokaraja sub-district from May 2019 – March 2019. Furthermore, technical sampling that used was purposive sampling method of adult Ae.aegypti using BG-Sentital Trap, followed by molecular detection of dengue virus using Two-step RT-PCR and chikungunya gene virus using RT-PCR. Molecular detection of DENV and CHIKV of mosquitoes which collected from Sokaraja region showed negative result

scholarly journals Effect of Toothpaste Application Prior to Dental Bleaching on Whitening Effectiveness and Enamel Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. E29-E38 ◽  
Author(s):  
WF Vieira-Junior ◽  
DANL Lima ◽  
CPM Tabchoury ◽  
GMB Ambrosano ◽  
FHB Aguiar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Glass ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Physical Surface

SUMMARY Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on the enamel properties and effectiveness of bleaching using 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) when applying toothpastes with different active agents prior to dental bleaching. Methods Seventy enamel blocks (4 × 4 × 2 mm) were submitted to in vitro treatment protocols in a tooth-brushing machine (n=10): with distilled water and exposure to placebo gel (negative control [NC]) or HP bleaching (positive control [PC]); and brushing with differing toothpastes prior to HP bleaching, including potassium nitrate toothpaste (PN) containing NaF, conventional sodium monofluorophosphate toothpaste (FT), arginine-based toothpastes (PA and SAN), or a toothpaste containing bioactive glass (NM). Color changes were determined using the CIE L*a*b* system (ΔE, ΔL, Δa, and Δb), and a roughness (Ra) analysis was performed before and after treatments. Surface microhardness (SMH) and cross-sectional microhardness (CSMH) were analyzed after treatment. Data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA for Ra, one-way ANOVA (SMH, ΔE, ΔL, Δa, and Δb), split-plot ANOVA (CSMH), and Tukey post hoc test (α<0.05). The relationship between the physical surface properties and color properties was evaluated using a multivariate Canonical correlation analysis. Results Color changes were statistically similar in the bleached groups. After treatments, SMH and CSMH decreased in PC. SMH increased significantly in the toothpaste groups vs the negative and positive control (NM > PA = SAN > all other groups) or decreased HP effects (CSMH). Ra increased in all bleached groups, with the exception of NM, which did not differ from the NC. The variation in the color variables (ΔL, Δa, and Δb) explained 21% of the variation in the physical surface variables (Ra and SMH). Conclusion The application of toothpaste prior to dental bleaching did not interfere with the effectiveness of treatment. The bioactive glass based toothpaste protected the enamel against the deleterious effects of dental bleaching.

scholarly journals Osteopromotion Capacity of Bovine Cortical Membranes in Critical Defects of Rat Calvaria: Histological and Immunohistochemical Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Ferrairo Danieletto-Zanna ◽  
Vinícius Ferreira Bizelli ◽  
Guilherme André Del Arco Ramires ◽  
Tamires Melo Francatti ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Perri de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Clot ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Repair Process ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Collagen Membrane ◽  
Rat Calvaria ◽  
Experimental Group

Membranes that aid the guided bone regeneration (GBR) process have been the subject of studies of compatible biomaterials that contribute to this repair process. The present study compared different membranes used in critical-size defects of rat calvaria by assessing GBR as well as histological, histomorphometric, and immunohistochemical reactions. Forty-eight male albino Wistar rats were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 12 each), namely, C: membrane-free control group (only blood clot, negative control group); BG: porcine collagen membrane group (Bio-Gide®, positive control group); GD: bovine cortical membrane group (first experimental group); and GDF: thicker bovine cortical membrane group (second experimental group). Rats were euthanized at 30 and 60 days postoperatively. Quantitative data from the histometric analysis were submitted to two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s posttest when p<0.05. Histomorphometric results of the thicker bovine cortical membrane at 30 and 60 days were promising, showing improved new bone formation values (p<0.05), and the CD group presented similar results in both analysis periods, being surpassed only by the GDF group (p<0.05). The immunohistochemical results were associated with the histomorphometric data. A less-thick membrane also assisted in GBR. All membranes promoted GBR, especially the positive control and experimental groups.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation of Chikungunya Virus and Dengue Virus in Blood at Clinical Presentation by Real Time RT-PCR

Pulse ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
R Rahim ◽  
AH Rasel ◽  
AS Murad
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Virus ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Chikungunya Virus ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Pcr Method

Background: Chikungunya viral infection in Bangladesh has marked 2017 summer with unprecedented magnitude for the first time. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV) are arboviruses that share the same Aedes mosquito vectors and thus overlap in their endemic areas.These two viruses cause similar clinical presentations, especially in the initial stages of infection. Because the outcomes and management strategies for these two viruses are different, early and accurate diagnosis is imperative. Early diagnosis is also important for surveillance and outbreak control.Objective: As virus isolation is not undergoing in the country and antigen based commercial detection assay is not available for CHIKV we used one step real time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method to detect and discriminate CHIKV and DENV in blood during suspicious clinical symptoms.Results: By this RT-PCR method we have detected 603 cases of CHIKV and 233 cases of DENV and thus facilitated rapid diagnosis and clinical management in the recent CHIKV outbreaks in the country.Conclusion: This is the first report about molecular detection and differentiation of CHIKV and DENV at time of clinical presentation and further show evidence of simultaneous outbreaks of both the viral infections in the country.Pulse Vol.10 January-December 2017 p.6-11

Evidence for a Multistep Control in Transposition of I Factor in Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 1875-1884
Author(s):  
Christophe de La Roche Saint André ◽  
Jean-Claude Bregliano
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
I Factor ◽  
Full Length Transcript ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Drosophila melanogaster strains belong to one of two interactive categories, inducer (I) or reactive (R), with respect to the I-R system of hybrid dysgenesis. The dysgenic interaction results from the presence of several transposition-competent copies of a LINE-like element, the I factor, only in the genome of I strains. When a cross is performed between I males and R females, I factor transposes at high frequency in the germ line of F1 daughters, known as SF females. This transposition burst results in the sterility of SF females. I factor transposes by reverse transcription of a full-length transcript. Specific RT-PCR experiments were done to compare the amount of I factor transcript in samples corresponding to various transposition frequencies. The sensitivity of the method allowed the ready detection of the I factor RNA in every tissue and genetic background examined. Comparison of amplification signals suggests that I factor activity in ovaries is regulated at different levels. First, the amount of I factor RNA subjected to negative and positive regulation. Whereas the negative control, which limits transposition in nonpermissive contexts, may be exerted by an I factor encoded repressor function, the positive control is linked to reactivity level, a cellular state maternally inherited from R mothers. Additionally, negative regulation is also exerted downstream of I factor RNA. This differs notably from previous conclusions in which transcription was envisaged as the main level of regulation of the I factor transposition.

scholarly journals Increased Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in Uremia Is Associated with Chronic Inflammation and Prevalent Coronary Artery Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jwa-Kyung Kim ◽  
Chang-won Hong ◽  
Mi Jin Park ◽  
Young Rim Song ◽  
Hyung Jik Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Trap ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Extracellular Trap ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

Background.Neutrophils are involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis by neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. We hypothesized that the NET formation of neutrophils might be changed in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, explaining their higher incidence of coronary artery diseases (CAD).Method.A cross-sectional study was performed in 60 maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, 30 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals (HV, negative control), and 30 patients with acute infection (positive control). Neutrophil activation and function were measured with reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity, degranulation, NET formation, and phenotypical changes.Result.Compared with HV, neutrophils extracted from MHD patients displayed significantly increased levels of basal NET formation, ROS production, and degranulation, suggesting spontaneous activation in uremia. Also, an increase in citrullinated histone H3 was detected in this group compared to the HV. And neutrophils from HV were normal CD16bright/CD62Lbrightcells; however, neutrophils from MHD were CD16bright/CD62Ldim, similar to those from patients with acute infections. Interestingly, multivariate analyses identified the prevalent CAD and neutrophil counts as independent determinants of baseline NET formation (β=0.323,p=0.016andβ=0.369,p=0.006, resp.).Conclusions.Uremia-associated-increased NET formation may be a sign of increased burden of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Effect of low fluoride acidic dentifrices on dental remineralization

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti ◽  
Eliana Mitsue Takeshita ◽  
Camila de Oliveira Sant'ana ◽  
Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf ◽  
Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Ph Cycling

This study evaluated the capacity of fluoride acidic dentifrices (pH 4.5) to promote enamel remineralization using a pH cycling model, comparing them with a standard dentifrice (1,100 µgF/g). Enamel blocks had their surface polished and surface hardness determined (SH). Next, they were submitted to subsurface enamel demineralization and to post-demineralization surface hardness analysis. The blocks were divided into 6 experimental groups (n=10): placebo (without F, pH 4.5, negative control), 275, 412, 550, 1,100 µgF/g and a standard dentifrice (positive control). The blocks were submitted to pH cycling for 6 days and treatment with dentifrice slurries twice a day. After pH cycling, surface and cross-sectional hardness were assessed to obtain the percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR) and the integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN). The results showed that %SHR was similar among acidic dentifrices with 412, 550, 1,100 µgF/g and to the positive control (Tukey's test; p>0.05). For ΔKHN, the acidic dentifrice with 550 µg F/g showed a better performance when compared with the positive control. It can be concluded that acidic dentifrice 550 µgF/g had similar remineralization capacity to that of positive control.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a single-tuft toothbrush for control of newly formed dental biofilm

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iohana Hasegawa ◽  
Camila Veríssimo ◽  
Victor Angelo Montalli ◽  
Marcelo Sperandio ◽  
Daiane Cristina Peruzzo
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Biofilm ◽  
Gingival Bleeding

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of a single-tuft toothbrush (STB) with conventional toothbrushes (CT) to control dental biofilm neoformation in the dentogingival area. Methods: For this cross-sectional  prospective blind study, 20 periodontally healthy subjects were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups: STB; CT; CHX - chlorhexidine mouthwash (positive control) and PS - placebo mouthwash (negative control). The subjects were instructed to use only the assigned care method for 72 h with a 7-day washout period between experiments. The evaluated parameters were visible and disclosed plaque indices (PI and DPI), gingival bleeding index (GBI) at baseline (T-0) and at the end of each experimental period (T-72). Results: Data analysis demonstrated that at T-0 no difference was observed for any of the parameters (p>0.05); after 72 h, CT, STB and CHX showed equivalente effectiveness at controlling biofilm. When the PI data were analyzed, between T-0 and T-72, STB was similar to CT and CHX (p<0.05), whereas for DPI, STB was significantly superior to the other methods. Except for PS, all methods yielded similar results for GBI (p<0.05). Conclusions: The tested STB was effective at controlling short-term dental biofilm neoformation on the dentogingival area.

scholarly journals D ANTIGEN

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1395-1399
Author(s):  
Nazish Saqlain ◽  
Aatika Ahmed ◽  
Tooba Fateen ◽  
Nisar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
D Antigen ◽  
Study Setting ◽  
Spin Tube

Background: In 1939 Rh antigen was discovered by Levine and Stetson. Rhsystem antigens are very immunogenic, they can produce significant Hemolytic Disease of thefetus and Newborn as well as hemolytic transfusion reactions. There are numerous variants ofD, the most common subtypes are Weak D and Partial D, now called as abnormal D antigens.The incidence of Rh negativity worldwide varies between 3%-25% and that of weak D antigenranges from 0.2%-1%. Objectives: To find out the frequency of Rh negativity and weak Dantigen among the donors coming to the blood bank of The Children’s Hospital & Institute ofChild Health, Lahore and to review the clinical significance of weak D antigen in transfusionperspective especially its role in alloimmunization caused by Weak D antigen when transfusedto Rh negative individuals. Study Design: Cross- sectional study. Setting: The Children’sHospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore. Period: 1st Jan 2015 to 31st May, 2015. Materialsand Methods: 6320 healthy donors were randomly selected. All samples were grouped forABO and Rh-D factor by immediate spin tube technique. All samples found Rh negative, werefurther processed for weak D antigen with monoclonal anti D sera by using indirect Coomb’stechnique. The presence of macroscopic or microscopic agglutination was recorded as Rhpositive. In case there was no agglutination the mixture was washed 4 times with normalsaline. After the last wash, saline was decanted and 2 drops of monoclonal, polyvalent antihuman globulin was added. Macroscopic and microscopic agglutination was looked for andany agglutination at this stage was recorded as weak D antigen. Positive control (check cellsi.e. washed O positive cells with diluted anti D) and negative control (washed O positive cells)were always put. Results: Among the 6320 healthy donors, 1224(19.4%) were Rh-D negativeand 5096(80.6%) were Rh-D positive. Of the 1224 Rh D negative samples, 3 (0.2%) samplesfound positive for weak D antigen. Conclusion: The frequency of Rh negative blood groupwas 0.2% among the healthy donors at The Children’s Hospital and ICH, Lahore. Although thefrequency is low but it’s proven by literature that weak D antigen can produce alloimmunizationif transfused to Rh-D negative subjects. At the same time the cases of hemolytic reactionsreported previously with Weak D antigen have been scarce.

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