scholarly journals Drivers of Change in Urban Growth Patterns: A Transport Perspective from Perth, Western Australia

Urban Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelobonye ◽  
Xia ◽  
Swapan ◽  
McCarney ◽  
Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Travel Efficiency ◽  
Economic Developments

The evolution of urban form is a slow and complex process driven by various factors which influence its pattern of occurrence (time, shape and directions) over time. Given the ever-increasing demand for urban expansion, and its negative effects on travel efficiency and environmental quality, it is imperative to understand the driving forces behind this complex process. This study investigates the role played by transport developments in the expansion of Perth’s urban footprint. Since transport developments are influenced by prevailing economic developments and planning regulations, our analysis starts by deconstructing a timeline of milestones under these three themes, from an urban land development perspective. An overview of the eras of transport evolution is provided, and we discuss the pattern of urban form changes as they relate to these transport advancements. The paper ends by mapping and quantifying changes in Perth’s urban land over the past five decades. The results show that transport had a strong influence on the pattern of urban expansion for a long time, but that trend has now been reversed. Rail constructions have been playing catch-up to residential expansion since the late twentieth century. Meanwhile, the rate of urban expansion has gone down in the twenty-first century, as the city goes for compact growth.

THE STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF PERSONALITY SELF-ACTUALIZATIONFEATURES ON THE FORMATION OF CHARACTER ACCENTUATION IN YOUNGPEOPLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Nietbaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Experimental Part ◽  
Psychoemotional Stress ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Mature Person

This article discusses the influence of the features of the development of self-actualization of the individual in adolescence and its influence on the development of character accentuations. Adolescence is a difficult period, during which the psychological education necessary for a mature person is formed. Any crisis that a person goes through is associated with severe psychoemotional stress, which can potentially become one of the factors of personality maladaptation in adolescence. Self-actualization is a complex process that is one of the driving forces of personal development. The formation of traits characteristic of a self-actualized personality has a significant impact on the adaptability of young people and can have both positive and negative effects. In the experimental part of the study, correlations were found between certain traits of self-actualization of the individual and the manifestation of character accentuations

scholarly journals The Expansion Dynamics and Modes of Impervious Surfaces in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Bay Area, China

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1167
Author(s):  
Shaohua Zhang ◽  
Kun Yang ◽  
Yuling Ma ◽  
Mingchan Li
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Impervious Surface ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Aggregation Index ◽  
Bay Area

Different urban growth patterns have various impact degrees on the urban ecosystem and environment. Impervious surface, a typical artificial construction can be used to reflect urban development. Therefore, this study estimated the spatiotemporal dynamics and expansion patterns of impervious surface area (ISA) in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau (GHM) Bay Area since the establishment of the “Pearl River Delta economic zone” in 1994. Landsat time-series images were used to map the distribution of the ISA based on the combinational biophysical composition index (CBCI) and the bidirectional temporal filtering method (BTFM). The results indicated that the ISA in the GHM Bay Area drastically expanded from 569.23 km2 in 1994 to 10,200.53 km2 in 2016. In addition, the aggregation index (AI) value of the high-density area showed a decreasing trend from 1994 to 2004. However, the value of each landscape metric rapidly increased after 2004. Moreover, the mean ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of standard deviational ellipses from 1994 to 2004 was higher than that from 2005 to 2016. The results of landscape metrics and standard deviational ellipses indicated that the ISA growth pattern changed from edge expanding and leapfrogging to infilling and consolidation, with a turning point in 2004. Moreover, the principal sprawl orientation of the ISA was northwest to southeast before 2004. After 2004, the expansion direction of the ISA was less obvious due to the development pattern of infilling and consolidation. The rapid increase of GDP and population are the driving forces of urban expansion. However, topography and ecological protection policies as the limiting factors, which caused the infilling of the inner city and redevelopment of old urban areas.

scholarly journals Effects of Hierarchical City Centers on the Intensity and Direction of Urban Land Expansion: A Case Study of Beijing

Land ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daquan Huang ◽  
Xin Tan ◽  
Tao Liu ◽  
Erxuan Chu ◽  
Fanhao Kong
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Urban Land Expansion ◽  
Land Use And Management ◽  
Spatial Analysis Method

Worldwide urban spatial expansion has become a hot topic in recent decades. To develop effective urban growth containment strategies, it is important to understand the spatial patterns and driving forces of urban sprawl. By employing a spatial analysis method and land use survey data for the years 1996–2010, this study explores the effects of hierarchical administrative centers on the intensity and direction of urban land expansion in a Beijing municipality. The results are as follows: (1) land development intensity and expansion speeds are both affected significantly by the municipal and district and county centers where the governments hold a lot of administrative, public, and economic resources. (2) The distances to the administrative centers are determinant factors for the direction of urban land expansion. Except for several subregions adjacent to the municipal center, the closer the area is to an administrative center, the more likely it is that the expansion direction points toward the center. (3) The spatial patterns of urban land development are shaped jointly by governments at different levels, and transportation lines also play a role in remote areas. These findings are expected to have consulting value for future policymaking on urban land use and management in mega-cities, especially those with strong local government powers in other transition economies and developing countries.

scholarly journals Characterizing Urban Expansion Combining Concentric-Ring and Grid-Based Analysis for Latin American Cities

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 444
Author(s):  
Su Wu ◽  
Neema Simon Sumari ◽  
Ting Dong ◽  
Gang Xu ◽  
Yanfang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Concentric Ring ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Ring Analysis ◽  
American Cities ◽  
Grid Based

Spatio-temporal characterization of urban expansion is the first step towards understanding how cities grow in space. We summarize two approaches used in urban expansion measurement, namely, concentric-ring analysis and grid-based analysis. Concentric-ring analysis divides urban areas into a series of rings, which is used to quantify the distance decay of urban elements from city centers. Grid-based analysis partitions a city into regular grids that are used to interpret local dynamics of urban growth. We combined these two approaches to characterize the urban expansion between 2000–2014 for five large Latin American cities (São Paulo, Brazil; Mexico City, Mexico; Buenos Aires, Argentina; Bogotá, Columbia; Santiago, Chile). Results show that the urban land (built-up area) density in concentric rings decreases from city centers to urban fringe, which can be well fitted by an inverse S curve. Parameters of fitting curves reflect disparities of urban extents and urban form among these five cities over time. Grid-based analysis presents the transformation of population from central to suburban areas, where new urban land mostly expands. In the global context, urban expansion in Latin America is far less rapid than countries or regions that are experiencing fast urbanization, such as Asia and Africa. Urban form of Latin American cities is particularly compact because of their rugged topographies with natural limitations.

scholarly journals A study of the Effect of Urbanization on Annual Evaporation Rates in Baghdad City Using Remote Sensing

2020 ◽  
pp. 2142-2149
Author(s):  
Ali K. Mohammed Ali ◽  
Fouad K. Mashee Al Ramahi
Keyword(s):  
Evaporation Rate ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Annual Evaporation ◽  
Data Source ◽  
The City

The city of Baghdad has recently witnessed an increase in urban land due to the recent economic growth, which negatively affected the environment of the study area through the retraction of the agricultural lands surrounding the city. Therefore, we studied the relationship between increasing urban expansion and changes in the local climate of Baghdad for the period from 2008 to 2018. The information derived from the satellites utilized in this search showed the changes in ground cover during the study period, while the evaporation rate data source from the European Center for Forecasting (ECMWF) confirmed the effects of urban expansion on evaporation rates. Increasing urbanization increased evaporation rates and decreased vegetation degradation (NDVI). Satellite data from Landsat )TM( and Landsat )OLI( for 2008, 2013, and 2018 were processed and analyzed using the ArcGIS program. The visuals were classified into urban land, sparse plant, dense plant, water, bare soil, and wet soil. The results of the classification showed that the percentage of urban land was 26.5%, 28.3%, and 30.9% for the years of 2008, 2013, and 2018, respectively. On the other hand, the MNDWI value for the studied years was 2.0%, 1.9% and 3.6%. The highest rate of urbanization was in 2018 which was accompanied by highest evaporation rates. The study proved that there was a significant correlation between increasing urbanization and evaporation rate in the study area. These results indicate that the poor planning of land use leads to negative effects on the local climate.

scholarly journals ESTIMATING BUILT-UP AREA CHANGE IN ULAANBAATAR CITY, MONGOLIA

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B4-2020 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
P. Myagmartseren ◽  
I. Myagmarjav ◽  
N. Enkhtuya ◽  
G. Byambakhuu ◽  
T. Bazarkhand
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Markov Chain ◽  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Chain Model ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Study Results

Abstract. Long-term urban built-up area changes of the Ulaanbaatar city has accelerated since the 1950s and due to rapid urbanization most of the Mongolian population, or about 68%, live in urban areas. The systematic understanding of urban land expansion is a crucial clue for urban land use planning and sustainable land development. Therefore, in this paper, we used a Markov chain model and cellular automata (CA) to simulate and predict current and future built-up areas expansion is Ulaanbaatar. Landsat imageries (Landsat TM 5, Landsat ETM 7 and Landsat OLI 8) of 1988, 1998, 2008, and 2017 were used to derive main land use classes. Clark Lab’s (Clark University) Geospatial Monitoring and Model software had been used for the urban expansion prediction. The results are innovated to comparable to validate with other study results by using a different kind of methods. Built-up area expansion modeled and predicted 2028’s trends based on a historical expansion of the Ulaanbaatar city between 1988 and 2017, which are prepared according to input model requirements. The built-up area was 7282 hectares (ha) in 1988 and has expanded to 31144 ha in 2017. The built-up area growth of the Ulaanbaatar city has reached 4.3 times over the past 30 years, and from 2017 to 2028 the expansion of the built-up area will be 1.5 times. A comparison of urban expansion from 1988 to 2017 has revealed a rapid built-up invasion to the previous areas of agriculture, grassland, and forest. Simulation performance of Markov chain with the cellular automata model can be used for an improvement in the understanding of the urban expansion processes while allowing helpful for better planning of Ulaanbaatar city, as well as for other rapidly developing towns of Mongolia.

scholarly journals Mapping the urban form of coastal fishing towns in Algarve: Olhão and Vila Real de Santo António

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 313-328
Author(s):  
Mafalda Batista Pacheco ◽  
Itziar Navarro-Amezketa ◽  
Teresa Heitor
Keyword(s):  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Urban Networks ◽  
Urban Forms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Historic Centre

Abstract The paper examines the urban growth patterns of two coastal fishing towns in southern Portugal: Olhão and Vila Real de Santo António. The goal is to investigate the relationship between the configurational and network properties of the urban forms in order to identify generative or emergent patterns, understanding their particular urban morphology. The Space Syntax Theory, applied to the syntactical modelling of these towns, is used to understand the urban processes. Topological variables, such as connectivity, integration and intelligibility, are calculated by DepthMap Software and the Theory of the “Deformed Wheel” is used to represent the evolutionary trends and to identify generic rules. The study is developed by comparing the two urban networks in two moments of their evolution, first in the mid-20th century, which corresponds to the historic core, and second corresponding to the present day. The main results demonstrate a contrast between the segregated network of Olhão's irregular historic centre and the integrated network of Vila Real de Santo António's regular historic centre, revealed by the value of integration variable. The urban expansion of these towns during the last decades decreased the value of integration and aggravated the intelligibility of the urban fabric. The application of syntactic approaches, with quantitative analysis, aims to complement the traditional procedures of the History of Urbanism, developing an operational method adaptable to the study of urban morphology.

scholarly journals Influences of Urban Expansion on Urban Heat Island in Beijing during 1989–2010

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiao ◽  
Guangjin Tian ◽  
Lixiao Zhang ◽  
Xinliang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Heat Island ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Urban Form ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Heat Island ◽  
Land Area ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Heat ◽  
The Impact

Beijing has experienced rapid urbanization and associated urban heat island (UHI) effects. This study aimed at analyzing the impact of urban form on UHI in Beijing using TM/ETM images between 1989 and 2010. Spatial analysis was proposed to explore the relationships between area, compactness ratio, the gravity centers of urban land, and UHI. The UHI in Beijing spatially represented a “NE-SW” spindle. The land surface temperature (LST) was higher in south than in north. Urban Heat Island Ratio Index (URI) was well interrelated with urban land area in different zones. Under the similar urban land area condition, UHI and compactness ratio of urban land were in positive correlation. The moving direction of the UHI gravity center was basically in agreement with urban land sprawl. The encroachment of urban land on suburban land is the leading source of UHI effect. The results suggest that urban design based on urban form would be effective for regulating the thermal environment.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Patterns and Driving Forces of Urban Expansion in Coastal Areas: A Study on Urban Agglomeration in the Pearl River Delta, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Yichen Yan ◽  
Hongrun Ju ◽  
Shengrui Zhang ◽  
Wei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
The Pearl River Delta ◽  
Urban Land Expansion ◽  
The Pearl River

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the spatial pattern of urban expansion and the mechanism of urbanization in coastal areas have undergone significant changes. This study aims to reveal the spatiotemporal patterns of urban land expansion and analyze the dynamic driving forces of urban agglomeration in the Pearl River Delta of China from 2000 to 2015. The urban-land-expansion intensity index, expansion difference index, and fractal dimension were used to study how the urban land in this area was developed, and the geographical detector was applied to explore the relative importance, expansion intensity, and interactions of physical and socioeconomic factors. The results revealed that the urban-land-expansion intensity of the Pearl-River-Delta urban agglomerations exhibit a downward trend, while cities exhibited a trend of developing more coordinately from 2000 to 2015. Physical factors determined the direction and scale of urban development, and the urban land expansion in the Pearl-River-Delta urban agglomeration is mainly distributed in plain areas that have an elevation below 120 m and a slope less than 5°. Socioeconomic factors have a greater influence on the expansion of urban land, and their effects have changed over time. Population growth and economic development has played a significant role in the expansion of urban land before 2005. Subsequently, the factor of GDP and distance to the core cities of Guangzhou and Shenzhen controlled the expansion to the greatest extent. The impacts of various factors tended to become balanced during 2010–2015. The majority of the factors enhanced each other via their interactions, and the distance to the rivers always exhibited a greater enhancement when there was interaction with other factors. The spatial and temporal analysis of the urban expansion and the mechanism of the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration could provide useful information for coastal urban planning. This study also offers new knowledge regarding the interactions between different drivers of urban land expansion.

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