scholarly journals Prognostic and Diagnostic Significance of Platelet Indices in Patients with Urothelial Carcinoma

Uro ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 266-273
Author(s):  
Gulshan Kumar Mukhiya ◽  
Geeta W Mukhiya ◽  
Neelam Jain ◽  
Khushi Mukhiya
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Urinary Bladder Cancer ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Platelet Indices ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Some prognostic markers have been shown to determine the course and survival of Urothelial Cancer. A cross-sectional retrospective study, specifically looking at the role that various indices related to platelets—namely Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), platelet count and MPV/Platelet ratio—play in the diagnosis and prognosis of urinary bladder cancer, was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan (India) between January 2016 and August 2021 and included 76 patients who underwent multicore TURBT biopsy. Complete Blood Count (CBC) was used to determine platelet count, MPV and MPV/Platelet ratio. Platelet count was found to be more elevated in patients with high grade urothelial carcinoma and muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma as compared to patients with low grade urothelial carcinoma and non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma (p < 0.05). The median MPV and MPV/PLT ratio was found to be significantly lower in patients with high grade urothelial carcinoma and muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma as compared to patients with low grade urothelial carcinoma and non-muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma (p < 0.05). Thus, platelet indices can be useful supportive prognostic and diagnostic indicators in the determination of the clinical outcome of urothelial carcinoma.

scholarly journals HER2 / neu Overexpression in Urothelial Carcinoma and Its Association with Tumour Grading - A Cross Sectional Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 497-501
Author(s):  
Sebina Asmi A.T ◽  
Suma Madathiveetil
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Tumour Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma

BACKGROUND Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 HER2 / neu, is a trans membrane tyrosine kinase receptor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family and is involved in the pathogenesis of urinary bladder cancer. In this study we attempted to evaluate the HER2 / neu expression in urothelial carcinoma of bladder and its association with tumour grading. METHODS This was a cross sectional study with a sample size of 75. Routine 4 micrometre thick sections of formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks stained with haematoxylin & eosin were reviewed. Tumour grade was determined by using the World Health Organization (WHO) / International Society of Urological Pathologist criteria (ISUP). Immunohistochemistry was done by using HER2 / neu monoclonal antibody and its expression were observed. The membrane staining intensity and pattern were studied and scored. RESULTS In our study 75 cases of urothelial carcinoma were studied, of which 49 cases were papillary urothelial carcinoma low grade, 26 cases were papillary urothelial carcinoma high grade. Among these, 19 cases were infiltrating urothelial carcinoma. HER2 / neu positivity were observed in 27 (36 %) cases and overexpression in 8 (10 %) cases. Low grade urothelial carcinoma showed HER2 / neu positivity in 11 (22 %) cases and overexpression in 1 (2 %) case. High grade urothelial carcinoma showed HER2 / neu positivity in 16 (64 %) cases, among which 7 (28 %) cases showed overexpression. HER2 / neu positivity was seen in 13 (68 %) cases of infiltrating urothelial carcinoma with 4 (21 %) cases showing overexpression. A statistically significant difference in HER2 / neu expression was noted in high grade and invasive urothelial carcinoma compared to low grade and non-invasive urothelial carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Urothelial carcinomas show overexpression of HER2 / neu and this over expression increases with increasing grade of tumour and muscle invasiveness. KEYWORDS Urothelial Carcinoma, HER2 / neu, Overexpression, Tumour Grade, Trastuzumab

Utility of first order MRI-Texture analysis parameters in the prediction of histologic grade and muscle invasion in urinary bladder cancer: a preliminary study

2021 ◽  
pp. 20201114
Author(s):  
Abdul Razik ◽  
Chandan J Das ◽  
Raju Sharma ◽  
Sundeep Malla ◽  
Sanjay Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Texture Analysis ◽  
Urinary Bladder Cancer ◽  
Histologic Grade ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
First Order ◽  
Muscle Invasive ◽  
Muscle Invasion

Objective: To explore the utility of first-order MRI-texture analysis (TA) parameters in predicting histologic grade and muscle invasion in urinary bladder cancer (UBC). Methods: After ethical clearance, 40 patients with UBC, who were imaged on a 3.0-Tesla scanner, were retrospectively included. Using the TexRADTM platform, two readers placed freehand ROI on the sections demonstrating the largest dimension of the tumor, evaluating only one tumor per patient. Interobserver reproducibility was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Mann–Whitney U test and ROC curve analysis were used to identify statistical significance and select parameters with high class separation capacity (AUC >0.8), respectively. Pearson’s test was used to identify redundancy in the results. Results: All texture parameters showed excellent ICC. The best parameters in differentiating high and low-grade tumors were mean/ mean of positive pixels (MPP) at SSF 0 (AUC: 0.897) and kurtosis at SSF 5 (AUC: 0.828) on the ADC images. In differentiating muscle invasive from non-muscle invasive tumors, mean/ MPP at SSF 0 on the ADC images showed AUC >0.8; however, this finding resulted from the confounding effect of high-grade histology on the ADC values of muscle invasive tumors. Conclusion: MRI-TA generated few parameters which were reproducible and useful in predicting histologic grade. No independent parameters predicted muscle invasion. Advances in knowledge: There is lacuna in the literature concerning the role of MRI-TA in the prediction of histologic grade and muscle invasion in UBC. Our study generated a few first-order parameters which were useful in predicting high-grade histology.

The prognostic value of cytokeratin and extracellular collagen expression in urinary bladder cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Ingenwerth ◽  
Péter Nyirády ◽  
Boris Hadaschik ◽  
Tibor Szarvas ◽  
Henning Reis
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Urinary Bladder Cancer ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Gene And Protein Expression ◽  
Muscle Invasive

Background: Expression levels of collagens have been implicated in the progression of various cancers and interact with cytokeratins, but are not well studied in bladder cancer (BC). Therefore, we analyzed the gene and protein expression levels of collagen 1A1 (Col1a1/COL1A1), collagen 3A1 (col3a1/COL3A1), collagen 5A2 (col5a2/COL5A2), cytokeratin 14 (krt14/CK14), and cytokeratin 17 (krt17/CK17) in urothelial BC samples of different stages. Methods: In total, 102 fresh frozen and 190 formalin fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE) samples were tested using immunohistochemistry and RT-qPCR. Expression levels were correlated to clinicopathological and follow-up data. Results: Col1a1, col3a1, col5a2 and krt14 mRNA levels were significantly overexpressed in high-grade and muscle-invasive BC (MIBC) compared to low-grade and non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC) cases. Disease-specific survival (DSS) was shorter in patients with high expression levels of col1a1 (p = 0.004), col3a1 (p = 0.004), and col5a2 (p = 0.028). CK14 (p = 0.020), COL3A1 (p = 0.006) and Col5A2 (p = 0.006) protein expression levels were significantly higher and protein expression levels of CK17 (p = 0.05) significantly lower in MIBC compared to NMIBC. Furthermore, CK14 (p = 0.002) and COL5A2 (p = 0.006) protein expressions were significantly higher in high-grade compared to low-grade BC. DSS was shorter in patients with high expression levels of COL5A2 (p = 0.033) and CK14 (p = 0.042). Conclusion: Expression changes of collagens and cytokeratins are univariable prognostic markers in BC.

scholarly journals Relationship between platelet indices and lipid status in chronic hookah consumption

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Platelet Indices

Hookah smoking is a growing trend, both in the world and in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The aim of this study was to determine the value of platelet indices in hookah smokers and find out associations with lipid profile. Cross-sectional study included 60 students (30 chronic hookah smokers and 30 non-smokers). The complete blood count (erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets, hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte and platelet indices), lipid parameters (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C) were determined. The platelet count, mean platelet volume and MPV/Platelets ratio were statistically significantly higher in chronic hookah consumers in the student population than in the control group (p <0.001). In addition, platelet count was in significant positive correlation with values of total cholesterol, LDL-C and negative correlation with value of HDL-C, while there was a significant negative correlation between mean platelets volume, and MPV/Platelets ratio with HDL cholesterol levels in chronic hookah smokers (p <0.05). These findings suggest that chronic hookah consumption could be associated with the development of atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels, which could lead to the development of long-term consequences on the cardiovascular system's function.

scholarly journals Expression of Semaphorin 3A in Malignant and Normal Bladder Tissue: Immunohistochemistry Staining and Morphometric Evaluation

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Ilan Bejar ◽  
Jacob Rubinstein ◽  
Jacob Bejar ◽  
Edmond Sabo ◽  
Hilla K Sheffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma In Situ ◽  
Urothelial Cancer ◽  
Basal Layer ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Bladder Tissue ◽  
Normal Bladder ◽  
Normal Bladder Tissue

Introduction: Our previous studies showed elevated levels of Semaphorin3a (Sema3A) in the urine of patients with urothelial cancer compared to healthy patients. The aim of this study was to analyze the extent of Sema3A expression in normal and malignant urothelial tissue using immune-staining microscopic and morphometric analysis. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven paraffin-embedded bladder samples were retrieved from our pathology archive and analyzed: 14 samples of normal urothelium, 21 samples containing low-grade urothelial carcinoma, 13 samples of patients with high-grade urothelial carcinoma, 7 samples containing muscle invasive urothelial carcinoma, and 2 samples with pure urothelial carcinoma in situ. All samples were immunostained with anti Sema3A antibodies. The area of tissue stained with Sema3A and its intensity were analyzed using computerized morphometry and compared between the samples’ groups. Results: In normal bladder tissue, very light Sema3A staining was demonstrated on the mucosal basal layer and completely disappeared on the apical layer. In low-grade tumor samples, cells in the basal layer of the mucosa were also lightly stained with Sema3A, but Seama3A expression intensified upon moving apically, reaching its highest level on apical cells exfoliating to the urine. In high grade urothelial tumors, Seama3A staining was intense in the entire thickness of the mucosa. In samples containing carcinoma in situ, staining intensity was high and homogenous in all the neoplastic cells. Conclusions: Sema3A may be serve as a potential non-invasive marker of urothelial cancer.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF PLATELET COUNT ON FIBROSIS DEGREE IN CHRONIC HEPATITIS B PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
Hairul Anwar ◽  
Mutmainnah Mutmainnah ◽  
Ibrahim Abdul Samad
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Spearman Correlation Test

Chronic hepatitis B is an infectious liver disease caused by hepatitis B virus that persist for more than 6 months. Fibrosis is a result of fibrogenesis which is the formation of connective tissue (scarring) caused by liver tissue damage. Liver damage will affect the production of thrombopoetin causing disturbances in the balance between destruction and production of platelet resulting in decreased platelet counts. This study was a retrospective cross-sectional study by taking the data from medical records of chronic hepatitis B patients who were tested for complete blood count and fibroScan at the Dr.Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital Makassar from January 2014 to July 2016. The result showed a total of 323 chronic B hepatitis patients, 99 with severe fibrosis, 84 with moderate fibrosis and 140 with mild fibrosis. The Spearman correlation test showed a significant correlation between the platelet count and the degree of fibrosis (p <0.001) and showed a positive correlation between both of them with a very strong correlation (r = 0.802). The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference between platelet count and the degree of fibrosis (p<0.001). The conclusion is that a decreased platelet count is a sign of an increase in the degree of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B patients. It is suggested to perform another study with larger samples based on the degree of fibrosis. 

scholarly journals HPV-16 E7-Specific Cellular Immune Response in Women With Cervical Intraepithelial Lesion Contributes to Viral Clearance: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Clinical Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Xinyi Shi ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Zhilei Mao ◽  
Xiaoyu Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Viral Clearance ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Longitudinal Clinical Study

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the cause of almost all cervical cancers. HPV16 is one of the main risk subtypes. Although screening programs have greatly reduced the prevalence of cervical cancer in developed countries, current diagnostic tests cannot predict if mild lesions may progress into invasive lesions or not. In the current cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical study, we found that the HPV16 E7-specific T cell response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HPV16-infected patients is related to HPV16 clearance. It contributes to protecting the squamous interaepithelial lesion (SIL) from further malignant development. Of the HPV16 infected women enrolled (n = 131), 42 had neither intraepithelial lesion nor malignancy (NILM), 33 had low-grade SIL, 39 had high-grade SIL, and 17 had cervical cancer. Only one of 17 (5.9%) cancer patients had a positive HPV16 E7-specific T cell response, dramatically lower than the groups of precancer patients. After one year of follow-up, most women (28/33, 84.8%) with persistent HPV infection did not exhibit a HPV16 E7-specific T cell response. Furthermore, 3 malignantly progressed women, one progressed to high-grade SIL and two progressed to low-grade SIL, were negative to the HPV16 E7-specific T cell response. None of the patients with a positive HPV16 E7-specific T cell response progressed to further deterioration. Our observation suggests that HPV16 E7-specific T cell immunity is significant in viral clearance and contributes in protection against progression to malignancy.

scholarly journals Interobserver reproducibility of The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology

CytoJournal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa Long ◽  
Lester J. Layfield ◽  
Magda Esebua ◽  
Shellaine R. Frazier ◽  
D. Tamar Giorgadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urothelial Carcinoma ◽  
Urinary Cytology ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Urothelial Cells ◽  
Urothelial Carcinomas ◽  
Absolute Agreement ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Urine Specimens

Background: The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology represents a significant improvement in classification of urinary specimens. The system acknowledges the difficulty in cytologically diagnosing low-grade urothelial carcinomas and has developed categories to deal with this issue. The system uses six categories: unsatisfactory, negative for high-grade urothelial carcinoma (NHGUC), atypical urothelial cells, suspicious for high-grade urothelial carcinoma, high-grade urothelial carcinoma, other malignancies and a seventh subcategory (low-grade urothelial neoplasm). Methods: Three hundred and fifty-seven urine specimens were independently reviewed by four cytopathologists unaware of the previous diagnoses. Each cytopathologist rendered a diagnosis according to the Paris System categories. Agreement was assessed using absolute agreement and weighted chance-corrected agreement (kappa). Disagreements were classified as low impact and high impact based on the potential impact of a misclassification on clinical management. Results: The average absolute agreement was 65% with an average expected agreement of 44%. The average chance-corrected agreement (kappa) was 0.32. Nine hundred and ninety-nine of 1902 comparisons between rater pairs were in agreement, but 12% of comparisons differed by two or more categories for the category NHGUC. Approximately 15% of the disagreements were classified as high clinical impact. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the scheme recommended by the Paris System shows adequate precision for the category NHGUC, but the other categories demonstrated unacceptable interobserver variability. This low level of diagnostic precision may negatively impact the applicability of the Paris System for widespread clinical application.

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