scholarly journals Factors That Impact Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination in Different Community-Dwelling Populations in China

Vaccines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Jinhua Pan ◽  
Kezhong A ◽  
Zhixi Liu ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Zhiyin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Vaccination Acceptance ◽  
To Receive

(1) Background: It is important to improve vaccination strategies and immunization programs to achieve herd immunity to infectious diseases. (2) Methods: To assess the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination, we conducted face-to-face surveys and online surveys in Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Qinghai provinces. A fixed-effect model and a random effects model were used to analyze factors associated with the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. (3) Findings: We initially recruited 3173 participants, 3172 participants completed the full questionnaire (the response rate was nearly 100%), of which 2169 were valid questionnaires, with an effective rate of 87.3%. The results indicated that 82.6% of participants were willing to receive vaccination when it was available in the community, and 57.2% of deliverymen, 43.3% of medical workers, 78.2% of parents of primary and secondary school children, and 72.2% of parents of preschool children were willing to receive vaccination. The models showed that participants who were male (female vs. male: OR = 1.49, 95% CI (1.12, 1.98)), 60 to 69 years-old (60–69 vs. <30: OR = 0.52, 95% CI (0.29, 0.92)), had less education (medium vs. low: OR = 1.50, 95% CI (1.05, 2.23)), had good health status (good vs. low: OR = 0.36, 95% CI (0.15, 0.88)), and had positive attitudes and trust (OR = 0.14, 95% CI (0.10, 0.20)) in vaccines approved by the National Health Commission were more likely to accept vaccination. Participants also had an increased vaccination acceptance if it was recommended by government sources, doctors, relatives, or friends. Most participants learned about COVID-19 vaccination from television, radio, and newspapers, followed by community or hospital campaigns and the internet. (4) Conclusions: Government sources and doctors could increase the acceptance of vaccination by promoting the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccination by the use of mass media and emphasizing the necessity of vaccination for everyone.

scholarly journals Factors that impact acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination in different community-dwelling populations in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinhua Pan ◽  
Kezhong A ◽  
Zhixi Liu ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Zhiyin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
Qinghai Province ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background It is important to improve vaccination strategies and immunization programs to achieve herd immunity to infectious diseases, particularly in general community-dwelling populations. Methods To assess the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination, we conducted face-to-face surveys and online surveys in Shanghai, Zhejiang, and Qinghai province. A fixed effects model and a random effects model were used to analyze factors associated with acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. Findings The results indicated that 82·6% of participants (77·0% in Shanghai and 87·3% in Zhejiang) were willing to receive vaccination when it was available in the community, and 57·2% of deliverymen, 43·3% of medical workers, 78·2% of parents of primary and secondary school children, and 72·2% of parents of preschool children were willing to receive vaccination. The models showed that participants who were male, 60 to 69 years-old, from rural areas, had less education, had good health status, and had positive attitudes and trust in vaccines approved by National Health Commission were more likely to accept vaccination. Participants also had increased vaccination acceptance if it was recommended by government sources, doctors, relatives, or friends. Most participants learned about COVID-19 vaccination from television, radio, and newspapers, followed by community or hospital campaigns and the internet. Those who did not want to receive vaccination were mainly concerned about safety (288, 59·6%) and efficacy (196, 40·6%). Conclusions Government sources and doctors could increase acceptance of vaccination by promoting the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccination by use of mass media and emphasizing the necessity of vaccination for everyone.

Racial disparity in OncotypeDX score in early stage, hormone receptor positive, HER-2 negative, node negative breast cancers: A systemic review and meta-analysis.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12555-e12555
Author(s):  
Yi Lee ◽  
Ruolin Liu ◽  
Alexis K. Bean ◽  
Madison J. Garshasebi ◽  
Qasim Jehangir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Random Effects ◽  
Racial Disparity ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Recurrence Score ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Random Effects Model ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
To Receive

e12555 Background: Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score (RS) is the currently used risk-assessment tool for early-stage, hormone receptor-positive, HER-2 negative, node-negative breast cancer in the US. Studies showed inconsistency in RS distribution and treatment among races. Causes may include variations in somatic mutations like Ki-67, which have been reported to express higher in African American (AA) and Asian populations than in Non-Hispanic White (NHW) population, germline mutations in BRCA and TP53, that are not in the RS algorithm, and financial burden of the testing. We analyzed data from different countries to investigate racial disparity in RS. Methods: We searched Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, indexed from January 2010 to January 2021. More than 85% of studies were conducted in the pre-TAILORx study phase. To include data that are available and better represent different races, we included studies that used the previous cutoff value, low-risk ( < 18), intermediate-risk (18-30), high-risk ( > 30). Retrospective studies using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results or National Cancer Database were excluded to avoid overlap data. A total of 17 studies, 9789 patients from seven countries (US, Japan, China, Taiwan, Kuwait, UAE, Israel) were pooled. The Odds Ratio (OR) was extracted with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for RS distribution and post-RS treatment. Both fixed-effect and random-effect meta-analysis were performed. Results: Among AA and NHW, AA were 1.7 times more likely to have high recurrence score (OR = 1.75; 95% CI = 1.46 - 2.10; P < 0.0001), with no heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 0%, heterogeneity P = 0.59). Asian were 1.59 more likely than NHW to be high-risk using a random effects model (OR = 1.59; 95% CI = 1.06 - 2.40; P = 0.0259). High-risk Asian were two times more likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy post-RS comparing to NHW (OR: 2.31, CI: 1.07 - 4.98, fixed effect model; OR: 2.85, CI: 0.48, 17.05, random effects model), while high-risk AA were less likely to receive chemotherapy comparing to NHW (OR: 0.74, CI: 0.54-1.01, fixed effect model; OR: 0.73, CI: 0.54-0.99, random effects model). Intermediate-risk Asian and AA were more likely to receive chemotherapy compared to NHW (Asian to NHW; OR: 1.68, CI: 1.16-2.43, with fixed effect model, OR: 1.68, CI: 0.94-3.02, with random effects model; AA to NHW; OR: 1.16, CI: 0.93-1.46 with fixed effect model; OR: 1.06, CI: 0.62-1.79 with random effect model). Conclusions: We identified racial disparity in RS and post-RS treatment. Future research is required to elucidate the causes for AA and Asian receiving higher recurrence scores, a need for tailoring RS cutoffs for different races, and the utilization in adequate post-RS treatment.

Understanding vaccine hesitancy: the evidence

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 278-282
Author(s):  
Alison While
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Public Health Intervention ◽  
Health Intervention ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Important Public Health ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Vaccination Acceptance ◽  
The Uk

Vaccination is an important public health intervention, but its effectiveness depends upon the uptake of vaccination reaching sufficient levels to yield ‘herd’ immunity. While the majority of the UK hold positive attitudes about vaccination, some people, including health professionals, decline vaccinations. This article reviews the evidence relating to vaccine hesitancy, its underlying factors and the sociodemographic variations. A second article will review the evidence relating to strategies to address vaccine hesitancy and promote vaccination acceptance.

scholarly journals Beliefs associated with Intentions of Non-Physician Healthcare Workers to Receive the COVID-19 Vaccine in Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Desveaux ◽  
Rachel Savage ◽  
Mina Tadrous ◽  
Natasha Kithulegoda ◽  
Kelly Thai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Theoretical Domains Framework ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Safety Concerns ◽  
Ethnic Subgroups ◽  
To Receive

Achieving herd immunity of SARS-CoV-2 through vaccines will require a concerted effort to understand and address barriers to vaccine uptake. We conducted a web-based survey of non-physician HCWs, informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework, measuring intention to vaccinate, beliefs and sources of influence relating to the COVID-19 vaccines, and sociodemographic characteristics. Vaccination non-intent was associated with beliefs that vaccination was not required because of good health, lower confidence that the COVID-19 vaccine would protect their family and patients, and that getting vaccinated was a professional responsibility. Vaccination non-intent was strongly associated with mistrust about how fast the vaccines were developed and vaccine safety concerns. Communication directed at non-physician HCWs should be tailored by ethnic subgroups and settings to increase salience. Messaging should leverage emotions (e.g., pride, hope, fear) to capture interest, while addressing safety concerns and confirming the low risk of side effects in contrast to the substantial morbidity and mortality of COVID-19. Emergent data about reduced transmission post-vaccination will be helpful.

scholarly journals COVID-19 vaccination intention and vaccine characteristics influencing vaccination acceptance: a global survey of 17 countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Ping Wong ◽  
Haridah Alias ◽  
Mahmoud Danaee ◽  
Jamil Ahmed ◽  
Abhishek Lachyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Vaccination Acceptance ◽  
Mrna Technology ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Background The availability of various types of COVID-19 vaccines and diverse characteristics of the vaccines present a dilemma in vaccination choices, which may result in individuals refusing a particular COVID-19 vaccine offered, hence presenting a threat to immunisation coverage and reaching herd immunity. The study aimed to assess global COVID-19 vaccination intention, vaccine characteristics influencing vaccination acceptance and desirable vaccine characteristics influencing the choice of vaccines. Methods An anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted between 4 January and 5 March 2021 in 17 countries worldwide. Proportions and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and vaccine characteristics influencing vaccination acceptance were generated and compared across countries and regions. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Results Of the 19,714 responses received, 90.4% (95% CI 81.8–95.3) reported likely or extremely likely to receive COVID-19 vaccine. A high proportion of likely or extremely likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine was reported in Australia (96.4%), China (95.3%) and Norway (95.3%), while a high proportion reported being unlikely or extremely unlikely to receive the vaccine in Japan (34.6%), the U.S. (29.4%) and Iran (27.9%). Males, those with a lower educational level and those of older age expressed a higher level of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Less than two-thirds (59.7%; 95% CI 58.4–61.0) reported only being willing to accept a vaccine with an effectiveness of more than 90%, and 74.5% (95% CI 73.4–75.5) said they would accept a COVID-19 vaccine with minor adverse reactions. A total of 21.0% (95% CI 20.0–22.0) reported not accepting an mRNA vaccine and 51.8% (95% CI 50.3–53.1) reported that they would only accept a COVID-19 vaccine from a specific country‐of‐origin. Countries from the Southeast Asia region reported the highest proportion of not accepting mRNA technology. The highest proportion from Europe and the Americas would only accept a vaccine produced by certain countries. The foremost important vaccine characteristic influencing vaccine choice is adverse reactions (40.6%; 95% CI 39.3–41.9) of a vaccine and effectiveness threshold (35.1%; 95% CI 33.9–36.4). Conclusions The inter-regional and individual country disparities in COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy highlight the importance of designing an efficient plan for the delivery of interventions dynamically tailored to the local population. Graphic Abstract

scholarly journals Efficacy and Safety of Scalp Acupuncture for Insomnia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Fu-gui Liu ◽  
Ai-hua Tan ◽  
Chao-qun Peng ◽  
Yun-xia Tan ◽  
Ming-chao Yao
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Publication Bias ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Scalp Acupuncture ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Blank Group ◽  
Heterogeneity Test ◽  
Effect Model

Objective. To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of scalp acupuncture in the treatment of insomnia. Methods. CNKI, Wanfang database, CQVIP database, CBM, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and PubMed were searched for the literature on the treatment of insomnia by scalp acupuncture from the establishment of the database to July 23, 2020. Two researchers independently screened the literatures and extracted the data, then evaluated the quality of the literatures, and used RevMan 5.3 software for statistical analysis. Results. A total of 21 studies including 1606 cases were included. 21 studies were included in the analysis of effective rate. The heterogeneity test showed that there was no significant heterogeneity. The fixed effect model was used, P  < 0.00001. The effective rate of scalp acupuncture in the treatment of insomnia was significantly higher than that of the control group. The analysis of PSQI score was finally included in 19 studies. The heterogeneity test showed that there was obvious heterogeneity. The random effect model was used, and the subgroup analysis was conducted according to the different intervention measures of the control group. The P values of the drug group and the blank group were both less than 0.05, indicating that the improvement of PSQI score in the scalp acupuncture treatment of insomnia was significantly better than that in the drug group and the blank group; P  = 0.05 in other acupuncture groups, suggesting in scalp acupuncture treatment, there was no difference between insomnia and other acupuncture in improving the PSQI score. Six studies were included in the analysis of adverse events. The heterogeneity test showed no significant heterogeneity. The fixed effect model was used, P  = 0.04 < 0.05, indicating that the adverse events of scalp acupuncture in the treatment of insomnia were better than those of the control group. No publication bias analysis was conducted due to the small number of adverse events included. Publication bias was analyzed for effective rate and PSQI score. Egger’s TSTs test (effective rate P  = 0.001, PSQI score P  = 0.001) and funnel plot showed publication bias. Conclusion. Scalp acupuncture is effective and safe in the treatment of insomnia, which is worthy of clinical application. However, due to the limited number of included literature, the methodology of some studies is slightly low and the quality of literature is slightly poor. In the future, we need to design rigorous, large sample, multiple center randomized controlled study to further verify the conclusion of this study.

ANALISIS PENGARUH RASIO LIKUIDITAS, RASIO PROFITABILITAS, RASIO SOLVABILITAS DAN RASIO PASAR TERHADAP HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG BERADA PADA INDEKS LQ45 DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Dilawatil Hikmah
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effect Model

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menguji pengaruh rasio likuiditas (CR), rasio profitabilitas (NPM, ROA, ROE, EPS), rasio solvabilitas (DER) dan rasio pasar (PER) terhadap harga saham (Y) pada perusahaan yang berada pada indeks LQ45 di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan laporan keuangan anggota emiten LQ45 periode Januari 2014 yang selama 5 tahun eksis dari Februari 2009 sampai Januari 2014. Metode sampel yang digunakan adalah purpose sampling (sampling bersyarat). Adapun jumlah sampel yang terpilih memenuhi syarat sebanyak 21 emiten dari 45 emiten. Teknis analisis data menggunakan Eviews 7.1 yaitu dengan metode cross sectional weight dengan pendekatan fixed effect model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara bersama-sama maupun secara parsial variabel CR, NPM, ROA, ROE, EPS, DER, dan PER memiliki pengaruh terhadap harga saham. Namun variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham adalah NPM dan PER. Maka para investor dapat menilai kinerja perusahaan dengan melihat dari rasio keuangan dan melakukan penilaian terhadap harga saham sehingga dengan mudah dapat menentukan saham yang baik sebelum berinvestasi di BEI.

PENGARUH PERUBAHAN JUMLAH PENDUDUK TERHADAP KUALITAS AIR DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-215
Author(s):  
Nur Afiyah Maizunati ◽  
Mohamad Zaenal Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Social

Ongoing population growth and urbanization can cause pressure on water systems, especially in urban areas. Several previous studies have found evidence of an influence between population and water quality. However, the phenomenon in Indonesia is slightly different, because although population growth has decreased trend, but the acquisition of water quality index still fluctuate in several years. This study aims to determine the significance influence of population on water quality in Indonesia. Data analysis is done through regression of panel data of 33 provinces with fixed effect model, The results showed that the population has a negative influence on water quality in Indonesia. An increase on population by 1,000 people tends to lower the water quality index by an average of 1.13 points (cateris paribus). Population growth control becomes absolute and priority in Indonesia. However, these efforts need to be accompanied by continuous improvement of competence and welfare, so that the social awareness and economic capacity of each population are increased in order to achieve a better maintenance on the quality of the environment.

Vitamin D Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS): A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Totonchi ◽  
Ramazan Rezaei ◽  
Shokoofe Noori ◽  
Negar Azarpira ◽  
Pooneh Mokarram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin D Receptor ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Effect Model

Introduction: Several studies have assessed the association between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphism and risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the results were inconsistent and inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to clarify the exact association between the vitamin D receptor (VDR) polymorphisms and the risk of MetS. Methods: All accessible studies reporting the association between the FokI (rs2228570) or / and TaqI (rs731236) or/and BsmI (rs1544410) or/and ApaI (rs7975232 polymorphisms of the Vitamin D Receptor and susceptibility to MetS published prior to February 2019 were systematically searched in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed. After that, Odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to evaluate the strength of the association in five genetic models. Results: A total of 9 articles based on four gene variations, and comprising 3348 participants with 1779 metabolic syndrome patients were included. The overall results suggested a significant association between BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism and MetS susceptibility in recessive model (OR, 0.72, 95% CI, 0.55-0.95, fixed effect model), allelic model (OR, 0.83, 95% CI, 0.72-0.95, fixed effect model), and bb vs BB (OR, 0.65, 95% CI, 0.46-0.93, fixed effect). However, no significant association was identified between TaqI (rs731236) polymorphism, ApaI (rs7975232) polymorphism, and FokI (rs2228570) polymorphism and MetS. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested an association between the BsmI (rs1544410) polymorphism and MetS. Indeed, BsmI (rs1544410) acts as a protective factor in the MetS. As a result, the VDR gene could be regarded as a promising pharmacological and physiological target in prevention or treatment of the MetS.

scholarly journals PARE0023 ORAL HEALTH IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: LISTENING TO PATIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1297.2-1297
Author(s):  
J. Protudjer ◽  
C. Billedeau ◽  
C. Stavropoulou ◽  
A. Cholakis ◽  
R. Schroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Oral Health Education ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Latent Content

Background:Rates of periodontal disease and tooth loss are increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Periodontal disease may exacerbate RA inflammation and complicate RA care. Understanding factors that contribute to the increased burden of periodontal disease in RA is critical to improving oral health and possibly arthritis outcomes. People with RA may have unique needs and/or barriers to maintain oral health.Objectives:To determine from people with RA what are their experiences and perceptions about their oral health, their most important questions relating to oral health, and how they wish to receive oral health information.Methods:Semi-structured interviews were conducted with RA patients. Recorded interview transcripts underwent iterative content analysis. Transcripts were initially reviewed to develop a coding guide. Latent content, or larger themes, were then applied to the transcripts. Constructs were considered saturated when no new themes were identified with subsequent interviews. We report identified themes with representative quotes.Results:Interviews with 11 RA (10[91%] female; all on RA medication) averaged 19 minutes (range 8-31 minutes) and were mostly conducted face-to-face. Many believed RA medication contributed to dry mouth. Most participants had not previously considered other links between oral health and RA. Themes identified included the need for complicated oral health routines, barriers of cost and access to dental care, and shame relating to oral health (Table 1). Participants preferred to receive oral health education from their rheumatologists or dentists over printed or online resources.Conclusion:RA patients have unique needs relating to oral health and report poor oral quality of life. Strategies to optimize oral health in RA may include educational tools for optimizing oral self-care appropriate for RA, and improved access to oral care professionals who are aware of the needs of arthritis patients.Disclosure of Interests:Jennifer Protudjer: None declared, Corrie Billedeau: None declared, Chrysi Stavropoulou: None declared, Anastasia Cholakis: None declared, Robert Schroth: None declared, Carol Hitchon Grant/research support from: UCB Canada; Pfizer Canada

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