scholarly journals Factors Influencing Persistence of Diphtheria Immunity and Immune Response to a Booster Dose in Healthy Slovak Adults

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
Petráš ◽  
Oleár ◽  
Molitorisová ◽  
Dáňová ◽  
Čelko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Booster Dose ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Seroprotection Rate ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Mean Concentration

We assessed the long-term persistence of humoral immunity against diphtheria in adults with childhood vaccination and the immunogenicity of a booster dose considering demographic, behavioural and vaccinating factors. We conducted a trial in 200 healthy Slovak adults aged 24–65 years, immunised against diphtheria in childhood and against tetanus at regular 10–15 year intervals, and receiving a dose of a tetanus-diphtheria toxoid vaccine. The response was determined by ELISA antibody concentrations of paired sera before and at 4 weeks post-vaccination. A seroprotection rate of 21% (95% confidence interval, CI 15.6–27.3%) was found in adults up to 59 years since the last vaccination with seroprotective levels of antibodies against diphtheria ≥0.1 IU/mL and a geometric mean concentration of 0.05 IU/mL. Conversely, seropositive levels ≥0.01 IU/mL were observed in 98% of adults (95% CI 95–99.5%). Booster-induced seroprotection was achieved in 78% of adults (95% CI 71.6–83.5%) clearly depending on pre-booster antibody levels correlating with age and time since the last vaccination. Moreover, only 54.2% of smokers and 53.3% of patients on statins exhibited seroprotection. Booster vaccination against diphtheria was unable to confer seroprotection in all recipients of only childhood vaccination.

scholarly journals 4. MenACWY-TT Long-Term Antibody Persistence Following Adolescent Vaccination and Evaluation of a Booster Dose: A Review of Clinical Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S24-S24
Author(s):  
Paula Peyrani ◽  
Chris Webber ◽  
Cindy Burman ◽  
Paul Balmer ◽  
John L Perez
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Conjugate Vaccine ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
The United States ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Adolescent Vaccination

Abstract Background A peak in meningococcal carriage and invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) occurs during adolescence and young adulthood. In the United States, preventive vaccination with a quadrivalent meningococcal (MenACWY) conjugate vaccine is recommended at age 11–12 years, with a booster dose given at age 16 years. MenACWY-TT (Nimenrix®), a MenACWY tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine, was first licensed in 2012 and is available in the European Union and 50 other countries. Immune responses to other MenACWY conjugate vaccines decline over several years following vaccination. Here, we review 2 recent studies evaluating the long-term persistence of MenACWY-TT immune responses in adolescents as well as safety and immunogenicity of a booster dose given 10 years after primary vaccination. Methods Both studies (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01934140, NCT03189745) were extensions of phase 2 or 3 studies of subjects 11–17 years of age given a single dose of MenACWY-TT or MenACWY polysaccharide vaccine (MenACWY-PS). Immune responses through 10 years after primary vaccination and after a Year 10 MenACWY-TT booster dose were measured by serum bactericidal antibody assays using baby rabbit complement (rSBA). Specific endpoints included percentages of subjects with rSBA titers ≥1:8 and ≥1:128 and geometric mean titers (GMTs). Booster dose safety and tolerability were also evaluated. Results In both studies, the percentages of subjects with rSBA titers ≥1:8 through 10 years postvaccination were generally higher or similar among MenACWY-TT (69.3%–91.2% at Year 10; n=137–163) compared with MenACWY-PS (24.4%–88.9%; n=45–53) recipients for all 4 serogroups (Figure); similar results were observed for GMTs (146.0–446.9 vs 12.9–191.0 at Year 10). One month after a MenACWY-TT booster dose, 97.7%–100% of subjects across groups had titers ≥1:8 (Figure), and GMTs were markedly higher than prebooster values. No new safety signals were identified following the booster dose. Figure 1. Subjects in each of the 2 studies with rSBA titers ≥1:8 before and at 1 month, 5 years, and 10 years after primary vaccination with MenACWY-TT or MenACWY-PS at 11–17 years of age and 1 month after booster vaccination with MenACWY-TT at 10 years following primary vaccination. Conclusion Functional antibodies for all 4 serogroups persisted through 10 years after MenACWY-TT adolescent vaccination, suggesting that this vaccine may help prevent IMD throughout the lengthy risk period in this group. A MenACWY-TT booster dose may further extend protection regardless of the primary vaccine received. Funded by Pfizer. Disclosures Paula Peyrani, MD, Pfizer Inc (Employee, Shareholder) Chris Webber, MD, Pfizer Inc (Employee, Shareholder) Cindy Burman, PharmD, Pfizer Inc (Employee, Shareholder) Paul Balmer, PhD, Pfizer Inc (Employee, Shareholder) John L. Perez, MD, MA, Pfizer Inc (Employee, Shareholder)

scholarly journals Imunogenost poživitvenega cepljenja proti klopnemu meningoencefalitisu

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (7-8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucija Beškovnik ◽  
Tatjana Frelih ◽  
Tatjana Avšič Županc ◽  
Miša Korva ◽  
Alenka Trop Skaza
Keyword(s):  
Blood Sample ◽  
Enzyme Immunoassay ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mean Concentration

AbstractBackground: Tick-borne encephalitis is endemic in Slovenia, but still less than 10 % of people are regularly vaccinated. The proportion of vaccinated individuals was significantly influenced by obligatory vaccination for all Slovenian military conscripts between 1993 and 2003.Methods: Our study includes 73 men from the Celje region, who were vaccinated with three doses of vaccine against tick-borne meningoencephalitis FSME-Immun® (Baxter), but afterwards they stopped the vaccination for a period of 8 to 16 years. Participating men were serologically tested before and after the first booster dose. We used the enzyme immunoassay Enzygnost®.Results: The result of the analysis was, that with most of the participants the value of titer of antibodies before receiving revaccination was protective (n=67; 91,8 %), while after receiving a booster dose, the protective value was exceeded for all participants who have submitted a second blood sample (n=69; 94,5 %). Geometric mean concentration before the booster dose was 56 U/ml and 314 U/ml after the booster dose.Conclusions: Our study confirmed the long-term protection after primary vaccination with three doses against tick-borne encephalitis with men younger than 50 years, by using enzyme immunoassay. The results support the careful consideration of currently recommended revaccination interval.

scholarly journals Live Oral Adenovirus Type 4 and Type 7 Vaccine Induces Durable Antibody Response

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie D. Collins ◽  
Anima Adhikari ◽  
Yu Yang ◽  
Robert A. Kuschner ◽  
Nicos Karasavvas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Adenovirus Type ◽  
The United States ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The Military

Human adenoviruses (AdV) are mostly associated with minimal pathology. However, more severe respiratory tract infections and acute respiratory diseases, most often caused by AdV-4 and AdV-7, have been reported. The only licensed vaccine in the United States, live oral AdV-4 and AdV-7 vaccine, is indicated for use in the military, nearly exclusively in recruit populations. The excellent safety profile and prominent antibody response of the vaccine is well established by placebo-controlled clinical trials, while, long-term immunity of vaccination has not been studied. Serum samples collected over 6 years from subjects co-administered live oral AdV-4 and AdV-7 vaccine in 2011 were evaluated to determine the duration of the antibody response. Group geometric mean titers (GMT) at 6 years post vaccination compared to previous years evaluated were not significantly different for either AdV-4 or AdV-7 vaccine components. There were no subjects that demonstrated waning neutralization antibody (NAb) titers against AdV-4 and less than 5% of subjects against AdV-7. Interestingly, there were subjects that had a four-fold increase in NAb titers against either AdV-4 or AdV-7, at various time points post vaccination, suggesting either homotypic or heterotypic re-exposure. This investigation provided strong evidence that the live oral AdV-4 and AdV-7 vaccine induced long-term immunity to protect from AdV-4 and AdV-7 infections.

An AS04-containing human papillomavirus (HPV) 16/18 vaccine for prevention of cervical cancer is immunogenic and well-tolerated in women 15–55 years old

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1008-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Debut ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Hpv 16 ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Antibody Levels

1008 Background: Genital HPV infections can be acquired shortly after sexual debut, and the risk remains throughout a sexually active woman’s lifetime. In women 15–25 years of age, the AS04-containing HPV vaccine was highly immunogenic and conferred 100% protection against HPV-16/18 persistent infection and associated cervical lesions up to 27 months. In the long-term follow-up of this study, sustained vaccine efficacy has been observed up to 48 months. The present phase III study (580299/014) assessed immune responses to the AS04-containing HPV-16/18 vaccine in women 26–55 years old compared with women 15–25 years old. Methods: Healthy women in Germany and Poland between 15 and 55 years of age received 3 doses of HPV-16/18 AS04-containing vaccine at months 0, 1, and 6. The groups were age stratified: 15–25 (n=229), 26–45 (n=226), and 46–55 (n=211). Anti-HPV-16/18 antibody titers were assessed at months 0, 2, 7, and 12 by ELISA (EU/mL). Seropositivity rates and geometric mean antibody titers (GMTs) were calculated for all groups. Safety was assessed after each dose in all participants. Results: All initially seronegative women became seropositive for both HPV 16 and 18 at Month 2. At Month 7, HPV-16 GMTs (95% CI) were 7908.4 (6874.0–9098.5) in 15–25 year olds, 4029.2 (3402.7–4771.0) in 26–45 year olds, and 2566.8 (2181.2–3020.6) in 46–55 year olds. For HPV-18, GMTs were 3499.3 (3098.7–3951.6) in 15–25 year olds, 1837.3 (1602.1–2107.0) in 26–45 year olds, and 1313.0 (1145.6–1504.9) in 46–55 year olds. Overall the vaccine was well-tolerated, and the incidence of local symptoms (within 30 days) tended to be lower in the 46–55 year-old group (69.2% versus 81.6% [26–45] and 85.7% [15–25]). Conclusions: An AS04-containing HPV-16/18 vaccine was immunogenic and generally safe in 15–55 year-old females. As observed with other vaccines, GMTs decreased with age, however, the Month 7 postvaccination antibody levels in the oldest age group (46–55) were still 3–4 times higher than those observed during a separate long-term follow-up study where sustained efficacy has been observed up to 48 months. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Durability of antibody response to vaccination and surrogate neutralization of emerging variants based on SARS-CoV-2 exposure history

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. McDade ◽  
Alexis R. Demonbreun ◽  
Amelia Sancilio ◽  
Brian Mustanski ◽  
Richard T. D’Aquila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Responses ◽  
Clinical Protection ◽  
Exposure History ◽  
Antibody Levels

AbstractTwo-dose messenger RNA vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are highly effective in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 infection. However, the durability of protection is not known, nor is the effectiveness against emerging viral variants. Additionally, vaccine responses may differ based on prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure history. To investigate protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants we measured binding and neutralizing antibody responses following both vaccine doses. We document significant declines in antibody levels three months post-vaccination, and reduced neutralization of emerging variants, highlighting the need to identify correlates of clinical protection to inform the timing of and indications for booster vaccination.

scholarly journals 1753. Adherence and Immunogenicity of Early Vaccination in Pediatric Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (allo-HCT) Recipients

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S643-S643
Author(s):  
Dana Danino ◽  
Joseph Stanek ◽  
Micah Skeens ◽  
Hemalatha Rangarajan ◽  
Monica I Ardura
Keyword(s):  
Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Vaccination Rates ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Parametric Statistics ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
B Cell Subsets ◽  
Anti Cd20 ◽  
Mean Concentration

Abstract Background Allo-HCT recipients are at increased risk for vaccine-preventable infections. Early vaccination (EV) beginning at 3–6 months (mo) post-HCT has been shown to be safe, immunogenic, and is recommended. We assessed adherence and immunogenicity to EV in children post-allo-HCT. Methods Retrospective analysis of allo-HCT performed 1/1/10–6/30/18 at NCH. Children who died, relapsed, or received anti-CD20 biologics in the 6 mo preceding intended vaccination were excluded. Institutional guidelines recommend EV starting at 6 (+1) mo post-HCT with: 3 PCV13 + 1 PPSV23, IPV, HBV, DTaP and HIB. Vaccination rates were analyzed at 6(+1), 8(+1) and 10(+1) mo post-HCT and serologies were obtained pre- and ≥ 4 weeks post vaccination. Immunogenicity was defined as antibody (Ab) concentrations ≥ 1.3 µg/mL or a 4 fold rise ≥ 70% of 10 PCV13 serotypes, tetanus (T) and diphtheria (D) Ab ≥ 0.1 IU/mL, and HBs Ab ≥ 10 IU/mL. Non-parametric statistics were applied; correlations between T&B cell subsets and IgG pre-vaccination and specific Ab post-vaccination were performed. Results During the 8-year study period, 171 allo-HCT were performed: 131 children were eligible for EV (Table 1); however, EV occurred in only 49.6% (65/131) and was completed in 37.5% (45/120) of children at 10(+1) mo post-HCT. Vaccine immunogenicity of PCV13, HBV, T and D was achieved in 40/45, 34/36, 63/64, and 18/18 of evaluable children, respectively. Protective Ab response after EV for PCV13, HBV, T and D was found in 21/24 (87.5%), 14/16 (87.5%), 35/36 (97.2%), and 8/8 (100%) children, respectively. Specific IgG geometric mean concentration pre- and post-vaccination was similar in children whether they received early or delayed vaccination (median 9.8 mo post-HCT, IQR 8–14) (Figures 1 and 2). No correlations were found between absolute CD4, CD8, CD19 and IgG pre-vaccination and vaccines specific Abs post-vaccination (Figure 3). Conclusion Despite recommendations, adherence to EV was low among our cohort of allo-HCT recipients and identified opportunities for improvement. Overall, vaccines were immunogenic with no significant differences in Ab concentrations among patients receiving early vs. delayed vaccination. No robust correlations were found between number of T&B cells or total IgG and Ab titers. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Long-term effectiveness of plasma-derived hepatitis B vaccine 22–28 years after immunization in a hepatitis B virus endemic rural area: is an adult booster dose needed?

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (5) ◽  
pp. 887-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. LI ◽  
G. J. LI ◽  
Q. Y. CHEN ◽  
Z. L. FANG ◽  
X. Y. WANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Booster Dose ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Immune Memory ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Hb Vaccine

SUMMARYLongan County is considered a highly endemic area for hepatitis B virus (HBV). The plasma-derived vaccine has been used in newborns in this area since 1987. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of this vaccine. In total, 1634 participants born during 1987–1993 and who had received a series of plasma-derived HB vaccinations at ages 0, 1, and 6 months were enrolled. Serological HBV markers were detected and compared with previous survey data. Overall the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in all participants was 3·79%; 3·47% of subjects who had received the first dose within 24 h were HBsAg positive, and 8·41% of subjects who had received a delayed first dose were also HBsAg positive. There were 1527 subjects identified who had received the first dose within 24 h and whose HBsAg and anti-HBc prevalence increased yearly after immunization, while the anti-HBs-positive rate and vaccine effectiveness declined. The geometric mean concentration of antibody in the anti-HB-positive participants was 55·13 mIU/ml and this declined after immunization. Fewer than 2·0% of participants had anti-HB levels ⩾1000 mIU/ml. The data show that the protective efficacy of the plasma-derived vaccinations declined and administration of HB vaccine within 24 h of birth was very important. To reduce the risk of HBV infection in this highly endemic area, a booster dose might be necessary if anti-HBs levels fall below 10 mIU/ml after age 18 years. Furthermore, studies on the immune memory induced by plasma-derived HB vaccine are needed.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Antibodies against Serogroup C Meningococci in England in the Postvaccination Era

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1694-1698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline L. Trotter ◽  
Ray Borrow ◽  
Jamie Findlow ◽  
Ann Holland ◽  
Sarah Frankland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Mean Concentration

ABSTRACT The United Kingdom introduced meningococcal serogroup C conjugate (MCC) vaccines in 1999, resulting in substantial declines in serogroup C disease and carriage. Here, we measured the age-specific prevalence of serum bactericidal antibodies (SBA) to Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations to serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y in 2,673 serum samples collected in England between 2000 and 2004. We compared the seroprevalence of SBA titers of ≥8 in the postvaccination era with results from an earlier prevaccination study conducted using the same methods. We found that the percentages of individuals with protective SBA titers were higher in 2000 to 2004 in all of the age groups targeted for MCC vaccination. In the postvaccine era, the prevalence of protective titers was high (75%) in children who had recently been offered routine immunization, but this fell to 36% more than 18 months after scheduled immunization. In the cohorts targeted in the catch-up campaign, the percentage achieving SBA titers of ≥8 was higher in children offered the vaccine at ages 5 to 17 years than in children offered the vaccine at ages 1 to 4 years. The geometric mean concentration (GMC) IgG for serogroup C followed a similar pattern, corresponding to the age at and time since scheduled MCC vaccination. Serogroup-specific IgG GMCs for W-135 and Y were low and showed little variation by age. Serogroup A IgG GMCs were higher, possibly reflecting exposure to cross-reacting antigens. Although the incidence of serogroup C disease remains low due to persisting herd effects, population antibody levels to serogroup C meningococci should be monitored so that potentially susceptible age groups can be identified should herd immunity wane.

scholarly journals Evaluation of De-O-Acetylated Meningococcal C Polysaccharide-Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine in Infancy: Reactogenicity, Immunogenicity, Immunologic Priming, and Bactericidal Activity against O-Acetylated and De-O-Acetylated Serogroup C Strains

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 2378-2382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Richmond ◽  
Ray Borrow ◽  
Jamie Findlow ◽  
Sarah Martin ◽  
Carol Thornton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetanus Toxoid ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Immunologic Memory ◽  
Primary Series ◽  
Fourth Dose ◽  
Polio Immunization ◽  
Bactericidal Activities ◽  
Antibody Levels

ABSTRACT The polysaccharide capsule of serogroup C Neisseria meningitidis (MenC) has been integral to vaccine development. Licensed MenC vaccines contain the O-acetylated (OAc+) form of polysaccharide. Some MenC strains have de-O-acetylated (OAc−) polysaccharide, which may affect antibody specificity and functional activity when used in a vaccine. We evaluated an OAc-MenC conjugate-tetanus toxoid conjugate (MCC-TT) vaccine given concomitantly with whole-cell diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and oral polio immunization in 83 infants at 2, 3, and 4 months of age. Serum bactericidal activities (SBA) against OAc+ and OAc− MenC strains and OAc+ and OAc− polysaccharide-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels were evaluated. MCC-TT vaccine was well tolerated. All infants produced SBA titers of ≥8 after a single dose at 2 months of age. The SBA geometric mean titer for OAc+ strain C11 increased from 2.7 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2 to 3.2) to 320 (95% CI, 237 to 432), 773 (95% CI, 609 to 982), and 1,063 (95% CI, 856 to 1319) after one, two, and three doses of MCC-TT, respectively. OAc− IgG levels were twice as high as OAc+ IgG levels after the primary series of MCC-TT vaccine, and the SBA was significantly higher against the OAc− MenC strain. Antibody responses to booster vaccination with either OAc+ MenC polysaccharide vaccine (MACP) or a fourth dose of MCC-TT at 14 months of age provided evidence of immunologic memory. The acetylation status of the booster vaccine influenced the specificity of the response, with significantly higher OAc− IgG levels and SBA after MCC-TT vaccine compared to MACP vaccine but similar OAc+ antibody levels. MCC-TT vaccine is highly immunogenic and primes for immunologic memory against OAc+ and OAc− MenC strains in infancy.

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