scholarly journals Risk of Absence of Measles Antibody in Healthcare Personnel and Efficacy of Booster Vaccination

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 501
Author(s):  
Chung-Jong Kim ◽  
Ji-Yun Bae ◽  
Kang-Il Jun ◽  
Hae-Sun Chung ◽  
Aeyeon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Seropositivity Rate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Measles Incidence

We aimed to identify the presence of the measles IgG antibody (mIgG-Ab) in healthcare personnel and finding out who needs the measles vaccination. The history of measles vaccination was obtained from the national vaccine registry. A baseline mIgG-Ab test was performed, and the measles vaccine was administered to participants who tested negative or equivocal for mIgG-Abs. During the study, 2885 (87.3%) of the 3303 employees were tested for measles serostatus. The baseline seropositivity rate for mIgG-Abs was 91.9%. Among the 234 seronegative cases, 82.9% were born after 1985. The seroprevalence rate was lower in those who received the measles–mumps–rubella (MMR) vaccine >10 years before the testing time, especially if they were born after 1985 and if there was only one previous record of vaccination. Among the 234 seronegative cases, MMR vaccination was administered in 174 cases, of which serostatus was evaluated in 146 cases. After the first dose, positive seroconversion was achieved in 126 participants (86.3%). After a second dose, 15 achieved (75.0%) positive seroconversion. In healthcare personnel born after the period when measles incidence significantly decreased, it may be necessary to reassess their immune status for measles if more than 10 years have elapsed since the last vaccination.

scholarly journals Measles and Rubella Serosusceptibity among Population Vaccinated with Different Schedule: The potential impact on Measles-Rubella elimination in Iran.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Saffar ◽  
Maryam Khalifeloo ◽  
mohammed-Jafar Saffar ◽  
Ali-Reza Abdollahi ◽  
Mohammad-Reza Parsaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
School Entrance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Iranian Children

Abstract Background: Iranian children have been vaccinated with the scheduled two doses of monovalent measles vaccine (mMV) since 1984. In December 2003, a nationwide campaign of measles-rubella (MR) immunization targeted 5-25 years population was established. In 2004, the mMV was replaced with measles- mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine. Despite the high vaccination coverage, the outbreaks of measles still occurs in the country. In this Study, the measles-rubella immunity status of various age groups, vaccinated with different schedules was investigated, and the immunologic response of seronegative subjects to revaccination was examined. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 7- 33-year-old healthy individuals with a documented history of measles vaccination from November 2017-to June 2018. The subjects were categorized as fallow: groupA: including 20-33 years-old; vaccinated with 1-2 dose of mMV, and revaccinated with MR, groupB, including 15-19-year-old individuals, vaccinated with two doses of mMV at nine and 15 months of age, and in addition to one dose MMR upon school entrance, groupC, including 11-14 year-old individuals vaccinated, with two-doses of MMR at the ages of 15 months and six years, and groupD, including 7-10 year individuals vaccinated with two-doses of MMR vaccine at the ages 12 and 18 months, respectively. Nest the consecrations of antimeasles-antirubella IgG antibodies in the collected sera were measured. Among seronegative subjects, the antimeasles-antirubella IgM and IgG were reexamined at 4-6 weeks after MMR revaccination. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods.Results: A total of 635 individuals, including 322 females were investigated in this study. The relative distribution of subjects in each group was as falows: groupA, 98; groupB, 295; groupC, 139; and groupD, 103 persons. Overall, 12.3% and 18.4% of the population were seronegative for measles and rubella antibodies. This rate varied greatly between the 4 groups: groupA, 2%-0/0%; groupB,15.2%- 25.0%; groupC,11.5%- 17.2%; and groupD,14.6%- 18.4%. After revaccination, 92% and 94.9% of seronegative individuals only showed IgG response to measles and rubella vaccines, respectively.Conclusion: Despite the high coverage rate of M-R containing vaccines, a significant numbers of vaccinated subjects were seronegative for measles and rubella, possibly because of secondary vaccine failure; this may negatively affect measles-rubella elimination targets in the country. If these findings are confirmed in similar future studies, a more robust regional/national supplementary immunization activity should be considered.

scholarly journals Immunity after COVID-19 and vaccination: follow-up study over 1 year among medical personnel

Infection ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Glück ◽  
Sonja Grobecker ◽  
Josef Köstler ◽  
Leonid Tydykov ◽  
Manuela Bertok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Booster Vaccination ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Dose Schedule ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Specific Memory ◽  
Iga Antibodies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antibody Levels

Abstract Background The long-term course of immunity among individuals with a history of COVID-19, in particular among those who received a booster vaccination, has not been well defined so far. Methods SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels were measured by ELISA over 1 year among 136 health care workers infected during the first COVID-19 wave and in a subgroup after booster vaccination approximately 1 year later. Furthermore, spike-protein-reactive memory T cells were quantified approximately 7 months after the infection and after booster vaccination. Thirty healthy individuals without history of COVID-19 who were routinely vaccinated served as controls. Results Levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgM- and IgA-antibodies showed a rapid decay over time, whereas IgG-antibody levels decreased more slowly. Among individuals with history of COVID-19, booster vaccination induced very high IgG- and to a lesser degree IgA-antibodies. Antibody levels were significantly higher after booster vaccination than after recovery from COVID-19. After vaccination with a two-dose schedule, healthy control subjects developed similar antibody levels as compared to individuals with history of COVID-19 and booster vaccination. SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cell counts did not correlate with antibody levels. None of the study participants suffered from a reinfection. Conclusions Booster vaccination induces high antibody levels in individuals with a history of COVID-19 that exceeds by far levels observed after recovery. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels of similar magnitude were achieved in healthy, COVID-19-naïve individuals after routine two-dose vaccination.

scholarly journals A Survey of Vaccine-Induced Measles IgG Antibody Titer to Verify Temporal Changes in Response to Measles Vaccination in Young Adults

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Hiraku Sasaki ◽  
Tomoko Fukunaga ◽  
Ai Asano ◽  
Yoshio Suzuki ◽  
Yuko Nakanishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Chiba Prefecture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Multivariable Regression ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Specific Igg

In Japan, sporadic measles cases increased rapidly in 2019 compared to the past six years. To clarify the persistence of immunity against measles in young adults, this study explored the persistence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titers against the measles virus in 17- to 24-year-old young participants who reside in the Chiba prefecture of Japan. Measles-specific IgG antibody titers, determined by enzyme immunoassay in serum samples collected from 506 participants, were assessed through statistical analyses. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that the distribution of measles IgG antibody titers was significantly correlated with a medical history of measles (P < 0.05), while there was no significant correlation between the number of vaccinations related to measles IgG titers. Furthermore, measles IgG titers tended to decrease, as revealed by the temporal change in IgG titers, during the elapsed period after the last vaccination (P = 0.08). These results indicate that periodic vaccination against measles is required to prevent sporadic measles infection in young and older adults.

scholarly journals 451. Evaluation of Exposure History in Healthcare Personnel with Coronavirus 2019 Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S293-S293
Author(s):  
Sandra Silva ◽  
Thriveen Mana ◽  
Davinder Bhullar ◽  
Beatrice Tabor ◽  
Curtis Donskey
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Administrative Personnel ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriage ◽  
Moderate Disease ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Exposure History ◽  
Atypical Presentations

Abstract Background During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many healthcare personnel (HCP) have developed COVID-19. However, there is uncertainty regarding whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was acquired at work versus in the community. Methods We conducted a cohort study to examine exposure history of personnel with COVID-19 infection or asymptomatic carriage in a VA healthcare system. High-risk exposures were classified based Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Results Of 578 personnel tested, 49 (8%) had nasopharyngeal swabs with positive PCR results, including 45 (92%) with and 4 (8%) without COVID-19 symptoms. Of the 49 cases, 21 (43%) had a documented high-risk exposure at work, including 14 exposures to COVID-19 patients and 7 exposures to colonized or infected personnel. Exposures to infected patients most often were a result of delays in recognition of COVID-19 due to atypical presentations. Exposures to personnel with COVID-19 most often involved activities such as meals when facemasks were not worn. Most cases occurred among nurses (26, 53%) and administrative personnel (10, 20%); only 3 physicians developed COVID-19. No cases occurred in personnel working on COVID-19 wards. All personnel had mild or moderate disease. Conclusion Forty-three percent of healthcare personnel with COVID-19 had prior high-risk exposures at work. Improved detection of patients with atypical presentations and efforts to reduce high-risk contacts among personnel may reduce the risk for acquisition of SARS-CoV-2. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Egg Hypersensitivity and Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine Administration

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 913-917
Author(s):  
Suzanne A. Beck ◽  
Larry W. Williams ◽  
M. Annette Shirrell ◽  
A. Wesley Burks
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Prick Testing ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Intradermal Testing ◽  
Vaccine Administration ◽  
History Of

Because reports have described egg-sensitive individuals in whom anaphylaxis developed after measles vaccination, current recommendations include delaying administration of egg-derived vaccines until skin testing can be performed. Specifically, the 1988 Red Book recommends skin testing via scratch, prick, or puncture with 1:10 dilution of the vaccine and, if the result is negative, intradermal testing is suggested. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the likelihood of reaction to measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine in patients with documented egg sensitivity and to delineate the efficacy of skin-prick testing (SPT) to MMR as a predictor of hypersensitivity to the vaccine. Egg sensitivity was documented by initial SPT to egg and then, if possible, double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC). Patients with a positive DBPCFC to egg or a history of anaphylactic egg sensitivity had a SPT with the MMR vaccine and then were given the MMR vaccine. Additionally, children with atopic dermatitis who had been previously proven egg sensitive via DBPCFCs were evaluated retrospectively for sensitivity to the MMR vaccine. Sixteen children with a history of egg sensitivity underwent SPT to egg, with a positive result 3 mm greater than the negative control found in 12 patients. Eight of these children had a positive DBPCFC to egg. The SPT to MMR vaccine was negative in all 16 children; vaccine administration followed with no resultant systemic problems. Three children had a local reaction at the site of injection. Twelve additional children with atopic dermatitis and egg sensitivity were reviewed. Each child had a positive SPT and DBPCFC to egg. Ten of these children received the MMR vaccine prior to the time that their egg sensitivity was elucidated. Two other children were vaccinated elsewhere after they were documented egg sensitive. All 12 of these children tolerated the vaccine without incident. These results further substantiate the safety of MMR administration in egg-sensitive children and support routine vaccination of children who do not exhibit systemic allergic hypersensitivity to egg. It is suggested that SPT is an adequate screening method for children with anaphylactic egg sensitivity.

Roles and strategies of international humanitarian organisations in handling the Liberia Ebola outbreak

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Bainga Kangbai ◽  
Ahmed Alameldeen
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
West African ◽  
World Health ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
African Countries ◽  
History Of ◽  
Public Health Emergency Preparedness

Abstract Background In Early August 2014, the World Health Organisation declared an Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) outbreak in the region of West Africa. The West African EVD outbreak was the largest, most severe, and complex in the nearly four-decade history of this disease. The management of EVD cases in Liberia was similar to the other affected West African countries. Methods We reviewed the method and strategies used by some of the international humanitarian organisations in handling the 2013-2016 Ebola outbreak in Liberia. This report is a collection of personal field experiences in Liberia as well as personal interviews of healthcare personnel working for some of these international organisations working on the Ebola emergency in Liberia. Findings Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) was the first humanitarian NGO to deploy medical staff to the field in Liberia during the 2013-2016 EVD outbreak. MSF staffs were already operating in Liberia even before the declaration of the outbreak in August 2014.Conclusions The slow response by the international humanitarian organisations to lend their support in bringing the EVD outbreak to and exhibited the fear the international community have for deadly infectious diseases more than armed conflicts.Recommendations We recommend regularly training in public health emergency preparedness for third world countries that are highly susceptible to health emergencies such as Ebola outbreak to help prepared them ahead of such outbreak.

scholarly journals Measles Virus Infection and Immunity in a Suboptimal Vaccination Coverage Setting

Vaccines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monia Pacenti ◽  
Nataskya Maione ◽  
Enrico Lavezzo ◽  
Elisa Franchin ◽  
Federico Dal Bello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Measles Virus ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Vaccine Uptake ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Veneto Region ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Measles Outbreaks

Despite efforts to improve surveillance and vaccination coverage, measles virus (MeV) continues to cause outbreaks also in high-income countries. As the reference laboratory of the Veneto Region, Italy, we analyzed changes in population immunity, described measles outbreaks, investigated MeV genetic diversity, and evaluated cross-protection of measles vaccination against MeV epidemic strains. Like most European areas, the Veneto Region has suboptimal measles vaccination coverage and is facing a growing public mistrust of vaccination. A progressive decline of measles vaccine uptake was observed during the last decade in the Veneto Region, leading to immunity gaps in children and young adults. Measles outbreaks were caused by the same MeV genotype B3, D4, and D8 strains that were circulating in other European countries. Eleven cases of measles were observed in immunized subjects. These cases were not associated with particular MeV genotypes nor with mutations in epitopes recognized by neutralizing antibodies. Accordingly, sera from fully vaccinated subjects cross-neutralized epidemic MeV strains, including the genotypes B3, D4, and D8, with the same high efficiency demonstrated against the vaccine strain. In fully vaccinated subjects, high MeV IgG antibody titers persisted up to 30 years following vaccination. These results support the use of the current measles-containing vaccines and strategies to strengthen vaccination.

scholarly journals Application of a fast and cost-effective ‘three-in-one’ MMR ELISA as a tool for surveying anti-MMR humoral immunity: the Hungarian experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Böröcz ◽  
Z. Csizmadia ◽  
Á. Markovics ◽  
N. Farkas ◽  
J. Najbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humoral Immunity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Automated Platform

Abstract In Hungary, between February 2017 and July 2019, 70 confirmed measles cases were reported, raising questions about the adequacy of population-level immunity. Although the assumed vaccination coverage is ≥99%, in a recent study, we detected potential gaps in the anti-measles humoral immunity. In Hungary, according to a decree by the Ministry of Public Welfare, beginning from 2021, the healthcare provider should conduct a serosurvey of anti-measles protection levels of healthcare professionals. To facilitate the compliance with this requirement, we developed a quick ‘three-in-one’ or ‘triple’ MMR (measles, mumps and rubella) indirect ELISA (IgG); an assay format that is currently not available commercially. High throughput applicability of the ‘three-in-one’ ELISA was verified using 1736 sera from routine laboratory residual samples, using an automated platform (Siemens BEP 2000 Advance). Assay verification was performed by comparing the full antigen repertoire-based ‘target’ assay with in-house ‘control’ assays using recombinant viral antigen coatings, and by validated commercially available kits. Indirect immunofluorescence was used as an independent reference method. Data were analysed using OriginLab, IBM SPSS, RStudio and MedCalc. In case of measles, we combined our current results with previously published data (Ntotal measles = 3523). Evaluation of anti-mumps and anti-rubella humoral antibody levels was based on the measurement of 1736 samples. The lowest anti-measles seropositivity (79.3%) was detected in sera of individuals vaccinated between 1978 and 1987. Considering the antigen-specific seropositivity ratios of all samples measured, anti-measles, -mumps and -rubella IgG antibody titres were adequate in 89.84%, 91.82% and 92.28%, respectively. Based on the virus-specific herd immunity threshold (HIT) values (HITMeasles = 92–95%, HITMumps = 75–86%, HITRubella = 83–86), it can be stated that regarding anti-measles immunity, certain age clusters of the population may have inadequate levels of humoral immunity. Despite the potential gaps in herd immunity, the use of MMR vaccine remains an effective and low-cost approach for the prevention of measles, mumps and rubella infections.

Prevalence and Haemolytic Significance of Red Cell Antibodies among Dangerous Universal Donors in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Amita ◽  
K Vijayalakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Voluntary Donor ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Donor Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population

Background and Aims: A subgroup of group O individuals called ‘dangerous universal donors’ have immune (IgG) anti A and anti B antibodies which are active at 37˚C and capable of reacting with the red cells and causing lysis. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of dangerous O group among the voluntary donor population and to assess the relation between the degree of haemolysis and the antibody titre. Materials and Methods: Group O donors excepting those with history of transfusion or pregnancy were included in the study. The serum samples were tested for haemolysins as per standard procedure. The degree of haemolysis was graded and strongly haemolytic samples were further characterised for the type of immunoglobulin class after treatment with dithiothretiol. The results were coded and analysed using SPSS software. Results: The age of the donors in this study ranged from 18 to 56 years. Majority were males. The prevalence of dangerous O group in our study population was found to be 10.75%. Within the dangerous O group samples, the titre of anti B IgG antibody was found to be higher than anti A IgG antibody. Titres for both anti A and anti B IgG antibodies ranged from 1:2 to 1:64. Conclusions: A simple screening for donor haemolysins will help in identification of strongly haemolytic samples, which are likely to have high titres of IgG, particularly anti A antibody. This will prevent transfusion of blood containing high titres of immune anti A and anti B antibodies to non O group recipients.

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