scholarly journals Prevalence and Factors of the Performed or Scheduled COVID-19 Vaccination in a Chinese Adult General Population in Hong Kong

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 847
Author(s):  
Yanqiu Yu ◽  
Mason M. C. Lau ◽  
Hui Jiang ◽  
Joseph T. F. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
General Population ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Chinese Adult ◽  
General Trust ◽  
The Government

Background: Globally, COVID-19 vaccination programs have been rolled out. To inform health promotion, this study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of performance or being scheduled to perform at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccination (PSCV) in a Chinese adult general population. Methods: An anonymous, random telephone survey interviewed 500 adults aged 18–75 in Hong Kong, China from 14–27 May 2021. Results: The prevalence of PSCV was 21.0%, which was significantly lower among females and those aged ≤30. Positively associated factors of PSCV included perceived protection effect of vaccination, self-perceived physical fitness for vaccination, compulsory COVID-19 testing experience, perceived need to travel, general trust toward the government, and trust toward the governmental vaccination program, while negatively associated factors included perceived low efficacy of vaccination, concerns about side effects, and chronic disease status. Furthermore, the association between sex and PSCV was fully mediated by stronger concern about side effects and lower levels of self-perceived physical fitness for COVID-19 vaccination among females than males. Conclusion: Moderately low prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination was observed in Hong Kong, where there was no shortage of vaccine supply. To achieve herd immunity, health promotion is greatly warranted and may incorporate messages based on the findings of this study.

scholarly journals Understanding the Prevalence and Associated Factors of Behavioral Intention of COVID-19 Vaccination Under Specific Scenarios Combining Effectiveness, Safety, and Cost in the Hong Kong Chinese General Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqiu Yu ◽  
Joseph T.F. Lau ◽  
Mason M.C. Lau ◽  
Martin C.S. Wong ◽  
Paul K.S. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
General Population ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Side Effect ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
The Government

Background: The prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination is very critical in controlling COVID-19. This study mainly aimed to (1) investigate behavioral intentions of COVID-19 vaccination under various specific scenarios, and (2) associated factors of the afore-mentioned vaccination intentions. Methods: A random anonymous telephone survey interviewed 450 Chinese adults from September 16-30, 2020 in Hong Kong, China. Nine scenarios of behavioral intentions of COVID-19 vaccinations were measured combining effectiveness (80% versus 50%), safety (rare versus common mild side effect), and cost (free versus HK$ 500). Results: The prevalence of behavioral intentions of COVID-19 vaccination under the 9 specific scenarios was very low and varied greatly (4.2% to 38.0%). The prospective countries of manufacture also influenced vaccination intention (eg, Japan: 55.8% vs China: 31.1%). Only 13.1% intended to take up COVID-19 vaccination at the soonest upon its availability. The attributes of effectiveness and side effect influenced vaccination intention most. Positively associated factors of behavioral intentions of COVID-19 vaccination included trust/satisfaction toward the government, exposure to positive social media information about COVID-19 vaccines, descriptive norms, perceived impact on the pandemic, perceived duration of protectiveness, and life satisfaction. Conclusion: Intention of COVID-19 vaccination was low in the Hong Kong general population, especially among younger people, females, and single people. Health promotion is warranted to enhance the intention. The significant factors identified in this study may be considered when designing such health promotion. Future research is required to confirm the findings in other countries. Such studies should pay attention to the specific context of cost, safety, and effectiveness, which would lead to different responses in the level of behavioral intention of COVID-19 vaccination (BICV).

scholarly journals Development of a model for physical fitness and its correlates in children and adolescents from the canton de Vaud: the PACE model

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Young People ◽  
General Population ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Olympic Games ◽  
Legal Context

The Lausanne Youth Olympic Games in January 2020 rep­resent a unique opportunity for the canton of Vaud to ­strengthen its policy of health promotion through physical activity and sport among young people. Several factors influence physical activity and physical fitness of a population. Ecological models describe correlates of physical activity in general population and youth. However, no model describes correlates of physical fitness. To close this gap, the model of physical fitness and its correlates among children and adolescents of the canton of Vaud (PACE model) was developed. The model is organized in the following levels: global (guidelines, policy and legal context), environmental (social, built and natural environment), interpersonal (family and relatives social support) and individual (biological, socio­demographic, psychological and behavioral aspects). Perspectives on the application of the PACE model are also ­presented. La forme masculine est utilisée dans cet article par souci de concision. Elle doit être comprise comme englobant l’ensemble des réalités liées au genre.

Evaluation and Recommendations of Hong Kong Health Promotion

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-34
Author(s):  
Patrick W. C. Patrick W. C. ◽  
Dora P. Y. WAI
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Intersectoral Collaboration ◽  
Present System ◽  
Promotion Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Sustained Success

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese. The present study investigates the evolution of Hong Kong's health promotion policies between July 1997 and now. The objective of the study is to evaluate the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR) Government's performance in health promotion. International experiences have been drawn to provide objective benchmarks for the assessment. The findings proposed that the Government should conduct a comprehensive review of the present system to consider formulating a policy with a clear direction and long-term strategies for promoting public health, and establishing an independent agency responsible for all health promotion-related matters. To achieve sustained success, the Government should also adopt an integrated and holistic approach in health promotion, with emphasis on policy development, organizational structure, intersectoral collaboration, community participation, promotion of healthy populations, healthy lifestyles and healthy settings, advocacy for health and related education, as well as capacity building for individuals. Apart from proactive efforts by the Government, active participation by all sectors in the community is of utmost importance in achieving success in health promotion. 本文主要探討由一九九七年七月至今，香港之健康推廣發展。目的在於檢討香港特區政府在健康推廣的表現。同時，會以國際經驗作為參考準則作出評估。結果顯示，港府應對現時制度實施廣泛檢討，考慮制定明確方向及長遠政策，建立獨立機關專門負責全港公共健康推廣事宜。為使之持之以恆，港府亦應採用綜合及全面的方針，強調策略性發展、組織架構、各部門之間的合作、社區參與、健康生活模式及環境、健康教育、以及個人責任。除了政府的積極性，社區團體的主動參與亦是健康推廣的成功關鍵。

scholarly journals Competing or Interactive Effect Between Perceived Response Efficacy of Governmental Social Distancing Behaviors and Personal Freedom on Social Distancing Behaviors in the Chinese Adult General Population in Hong Kong

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqiu Yu ◽  
Joseph Tak Fai Lau ◽  
Mason Man Chun Lau
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
General Population ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Personal Freedom ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Response Efficacy ◽  
Chinese Adult

Background: Uptake of social distancing behaviors may be determined by a combination of individual perceptions and social values. The study investigated (1) the associations between individual perception of perceived response efficacy and social distancing behaviors, (2) the association between social value of perceived freedom infringement and social distancing behaviors, and (3) whether perceived freedom infringement would moderate the association between perceived response efficacy and social distancing behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional telephone survey interviewed 300 adults in the Hong Kong adult general population during April 21-28, 2020. The instruments of social distancing behaviors, perceived response efficacy, and perceived freedom infringement assessed the frequencies of practicing seven types of social distancing behaviors in the past week, perceived response efficacy of four types of governmental social distancing measures/instructions, and a 5-point Likert scale item on perceived infringement on personal freedom regarding a governmental social distancing measure of banning gatherings of >4 people in public areas. Linear regression adjusted for background factors was performed; the interaction term of perceived response efficacy × perceived freedom infringement was tested. Results: About 40.4%-83.0% of the respondents practiced various types of social distancing behaviors; 57.3%-75.0% perceived response efficacies of related governmental measures; about 20% showed perceived freedom infringement. Perceived response efficacy, but not perceived freedom infringement, was independently and positively associated with social distancing behaviors. Perceived freedom infringement significantly moderated the association between perceived response efficacy and social distancing behaviors; such a positive association was significant at higher (those scored "extremely agree"), but not lower (those scored "extremely disagree"), levels of perceived freedom infringement. Conclusion: Perceived response efficacy is a potential determinant of social distancing. However, the strength of such an association may be modified by opposing social values about personal freedom. Future studies are warranted to verify above findings and explore other potential determinants.

STRATEGI PEMBERDAYAAN BURUH MIGRAN PEREMPUAN INDONESIA DI HONGKONG

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-72
Author(s):  
Tyas Retno Wulan ◽  
Lala M. Kolopaking ◽  
Ekawati Sri Wahyuni ◽  
Irwan Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Social Remittances ◽  
Central Java ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ethical Work ◽  
The Government ◽  
Female Migrant

Social remittances (ideas, system practice, and social capital flow from the receiving country to the home country) of Indonesian female migrant workers (BMP) in Hong Kong appeared better and more complete than other BMP in other countries like Malaysia, Saudi Arabia, or Singapore.  Based on that research, we are encouraged to do extensive research in order to identify factors  that push  BMP’s social remittances development  in Hong Kong, to identify kinds of social remmitances they receive  and to understand on how far their social remittances become a medium to empower them and their society.  This study is done in qualitative method that uses an in-depth interview technique and FGD.  Subjects of study are BMP, the government (Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration and BNP2TKI), NGOs, migrant workers’ organization and researchers of BMP. The study done in Cianjur (West Java), Wonosobo and Banyumas (Central Java) and Hong Kong indicates that during their migration process, female migrant workers not only have economical remittance that can be used for productive activities, but also social remittances.  The social remittances are in the form practical knowledge such as language skill and nursery; knowledge on health, financial management; ethical work; the mindset changing and networking. The study  indicate that female migrant workers are extraordinary women more than just an ex-helper.  Their migration has put them into a position as an agent of development in society.Key words: Indonesians  female migrant workers, social remmitances, empowerment

Flood alleviation in a heavily urbanized area – Kai Tak Nullah, Hong Kong

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan K. L. Chan ◽  
Colin K. C. Wong ◽  
Robin H. N. Lee ◽  
Mike W. H. Cho
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Public Engagement ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hydraulic Modelling ◽  
The Public ◽  
Design Considerations ◽  
Urbanized Area ◽  
Development Area ◽  
The Government ◽  
Exercise Design

The existing Kai Tak Nullah flows from Po Kong Village Road along Choi Hung Road and Tung Tau Estate into Kai Tak Development Area before discharging into the Victoria Harbour. Historically its upstream has been subject to flooding under storm conditions and this has had serious repercussions for the adjacent urban areas. A study has been commissioned by the Drainage Services Department of the Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (HKSAR), China to investigate the flood mechanisms and to provide flood alleviation measures by improving the capacity of the Kai Tak Nullah. In addition to flood alleviation, there is a strong public aspiration to rehabilitate the Kai Tak Nullah by a comparatively natural river design. Since the Kai Tak Nullah is located within a heavily urbanized area, traffic and environmental impacts are also highly concerned. The final flood alleviation scheme has thus had to strike a balance among the aforesaid factors with assistance from the hydraulic modelling utilizing InfoWorks Collection Systems (CS) software. This paper presents the public engagement exercise, design considerations, methodologies, and recommendations regarding the reconstruction and rehabilitation of the Kai Tak Nullah.

scholarly journals Flattening the Curve of COVID-19 Vaccine Rejection—An International Overview

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Wojciech Feleszko ◽  
Piotr Lewulis ◽  
Adam Czarnecki ◽  
Paweł Waszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
General Population ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Legislative Power ◽  
Preventive Vaccination ◽  
Very High ◽  
Socioeconomic Benefits

Background: If globally implemented, a safe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination program will have broad clinical and socioeconomic benefits. However, individuals who anticipate that the coronavirus vaccine will bring life back to normality may be disappointed, due to the emerging antivaccination attitude within the general population. Methods: We surveyed a sample of adult Polish citizens (n = 1066), and compared it with the data on international COVID-19 vaccine reluctance. Results: In 20 national surveys, the vaccine averseness for the anticipated COVID-19 vaccine varied from meager (2–6% China) to very high (43%, Czech Republic, and 44%, Turkey) and in most countries was much higher than regular vaccination reluctance, which varies between 3% (Egypt) and 55% (Russia). Conclusions: These results suggest that a 67% herd immunity may be possible only if mandatory preventive vaccination programs start early and are combined with coordinated education efforts supported by legislative power and social campaigns.

scholarly journals Does obesity persist from childhood to adolescence? A 4-year prospective cohort study of chinese students in Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Yuet-ling Tung ◽  
Frederick Ka-wing Ho ◽  
Keith Tsz-suen Tung ◽  
Rosa Sze-man Wong ◽  
Wilfred Hing-sang Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Fitness Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Obesity Status ◽  
Fitness Parameters ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Award Scheme

Abstract Background Little is known about the progression of obesity from childhood to adolescence. This study aimed to longitudinally examine the obesity status in a cohort of children across their childhood and adolescence, and to identify the factors associated with persistent obesity. Methods The study used data from School Physical Fitness Award Scheme (SPFAS), a population-based programme in Hong Kong primary and secondary schools. Students were included if they participated in the SPFAS in both 2014 (Primary 1 and 2) and 2018 (Primary 5 and 6). Their anthropometric and physical fitness parameters were analyzed. Results A total of 18,863 students were included. The baseline prevalence of obesity was 5.7 %. After 4 years, the prevalence increased to 6.7 %. Among those with obesity at baseline, 35.3 % remained obese after 4 years. The addition of baseline physical fitness level did not improve the prediction for persistent obesity. Conclusions One-third of obese students in junior primary school remained to be obese into adolescence. Their baseline physical fitness level did not improve the predictive value for future obesity. Further studies should investigate the prognostic factors that may influence the natural course of childhood obesity.

Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law

1997 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-517
Author(s):  
Marian Nash (Leich)
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
International Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Government ◽  
Contemporary Practice

On March 3,1997, President William J. Clinton transmitted to the Senate for its advice and consent to ratification as a treaty the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Hong Kong for the Surrender of Fugitive Offenders, signed at Hong Kong on December 20,1996. In his letter of transmittal, President Clinton pointed out that, upon its entry into force, the Agreement would “enhance cooperation between the law enforcement communities of the United States and Hong Kong, and … provide a framework and basic protections for extraditions after the reversion of Hong Kong to the sovereignty of the People’s Republic of China on July 1, 1997.” The President continued: Given the absence of an extradition treaty with the People’s Republic of China, this Treaty would provide the means to continue an extradition relationship with Hong Kong after reversion and avoid a gap in law enforcement. It will thereby make a significant contribution to international law enforcement efforts.The provisions of this Agreement follow generally the form and content of extradition treaties recently concluded by the United States. In addition, the Agreement contains several provisions specially designed in light of the particular status of Hong Kong. The Agreement’s basic protections for fugitives are also made expressly applicable to fugitives surrendered by the two parties before the new treaty enters into force.

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