scholarly journals A GIS Approach to Analyzing the Spatial Pattern of Baseline Resilience Indicators for Community (BRIC)

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Hao Sung ◽  
Shyue-Cherng Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Resilience Indicators

We explore the baseline resilience to natural hazards through the Baseline Resilience Indicators for Community (BRIC) in northeastern Taiwan. Based on the specific situation of our study site, we slightly modified the BRIC. Due to the correlation between some of the subcomponents, we apply principal component analysis (PCA) to solve this issue. Therefore, we slightly changed the classification of subcomponents. We aggregated economic resilience, social resilience, and community capital resilience into socioeconomic community resilience. The result of geographically weighted regression (GWR) shows that even though we modified the indicator, the BRIC we built is still valid. Through spatial autocorrelation analysis, it reveals that the urban region in plain areas is the cluster of high resilience areas. On the other hand, almost all the entire mountain areas are the cluster of low resilience areas. The topography is the most important factor to cause this distribution. Plain areas have favorable characteristics to trigger development and create high socioeconomic community resilience. Mountain areas, on the other hand, do not have these advantages. The distribution of institutional and infrastructure subcomponents shows no particular pattern. That is to say, institutional and infrastructure subcomponents do not influence the distribution of BRIC. The difference in socioeconomic community resilience causes the uneven distribution of baseline resilience to natural hazards. Nevertheless, the distribution of institutional and infrastructure resources is also a crucial issue. In our case, although the distribution of institutional and infrastructure follows the “distributive justice” approach and distribution randomly, whether it is an appropriate approach is still under debate.

CIETRZEW W POLSCE – MOŻLIWOŚCI ZACHOWANIA POPULACJI

2019 ◽  
Vol XII ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Robert Kamieniarz
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
The Other ◽  
Black Grouse ◽  
Protected Species ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Regional Projects ◽  
North Eastern Part

In 1995 the black grouse was registered in the Polish list of protected species. The national black grouse protection plan has been prepared and a few regional projects of the conservation of grouse and its areas of occurrence have been implemented. Unfortunately, adverse trends have not been turned back in the majority of regions. On the other hand, the population occurrence area has even increased locally in the mountains. The registered changes in the area of black grouse occurrence indicate that this species has the greatest chance of survival in some mountain areas in the southern part of Poland and locally in lowlands in the north-eastern part of the country. However, it is necessary to stop and reverse the unfavourable environmental changes which have been registered in areas of black grouse occurrence.

scholarly journals THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF ANTIBODIES

1937 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Heidelberger ◽  
Kai O. Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Molecular Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The Other ◽  
Type I ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Sedimentation Constant ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Immune Rabbit

1. Highly purified rabbit Type III pneumococcus anticarbohydrate proved to be homogeneous in the ultracentrifuge and its sedimentation constant, 7.0·10–13, did not differ from that of the principal component of normal rabbit globulin or of immune rabbit globulin containing up to 50 per cent of anti-egg albumin. The molecular weight of antibody in the rabbit is therefore probably very close to that of the principal normal globulin component, namely, 150,000. 2. Highly purified horse Type I pneumococcus anticarbohydrate, on the other hand, was only homogeneous in the ultracentrifuge when prepared from sera stored without preservative. Its sedimentation constant, 18.4·10–13, coincided with that of the principal globulin component in most of the Felton solutions and purified antibody solutions studied. The molecular weight of pneumococcus anticarbohydrate in the horse is probably three to four times that of the principal normal globulin component. 3. The significance of the differences between pneumococcus anticarbohydrate formed in the rabbit and in the horse is discussed. 4. Results are given of ultracentrifuge studies on the molecular species in solutions of egg albumin-anti-egg albumin specific precipitates dissolved in excess egg albumin. The implications of the results are discussed.

Kultur als Frage der Moderne

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-348
Author(s):  
Dirk Quadflieg
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Critical Reflection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
Normative Concept ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One

Abstract It seems that the concept of culture is becoming ever more ambivalent. On the one hand, since the 20th century nearly every topic or object can be perceived as a product of culture or as an expression of a specific cultural subdomain. On the other hand, we are witnessing a return of identitarian movements which use culture as a normative concept to designate the substantial unity of a “we” and separate this unity from other cultures and people. Against this back-drop, the article traces back the concept of culture to the specific situation of modernity, which could be characterized by the loss of substance and the challenge of contingency in all fields of the lifeworld. The essay argues that, emerging in this modern situation, culture is not defined by a specific content or a set of objects, but is used rather as a way of putting one’s own position into question. Seeing things through the lens of culture implies that the actual given comes into view as something that has developed socially and historically. From such a perspective, culture is neither an arbitrary concept nor a substantial unity but allows for a critical reflection on the present.

scholarly journals VARIASI MORFOMETRIK DAN ALLOZYME CALON INDUK RAJUNGAN, Portunus pelagicus DARI BEBERAPA PERAIRAN DI INDONESIA

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 235
Author(s):  
Gusti Ngurah Permana ◽  
Sari Budi Moria ◽  
Haryanti Haryanti ◽  
Bambang Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
Central Java ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
Other Hand

Sampel diambil dari empat populasi rajungan yang berbeda yaitu Sulawesi Selatan, Jawa Timur, Jawa Tengah, dan Bali. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui variasi morfometrik dan allozyme dari calon induk rajungan. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu variasi genetik rata-rata keempat populasi sangat rendah (0,0025). Rajungan dari Jawa Tengah dan Bali mempunyai nilai heterosigositas tertinggi yaitu 0,004 sedangkan populasi Sulawesi Selatan dan Jawa Timur (0,001). Jarak genetik populasi Jawa Timur dan Bali (0,0013), kemudian Jawa Tengah (0,0016), dan Sulawesi Selatan (0,002). Uji analisis komponen utama (Principal component analysis, PCA), menunjukkan bahwa secara morfometrik rajungan jantan dan betina yang berasal dari populasi Cilacap-Jawa Tengah dan P. Saugi-Sulawesi Selatan dapat membentuk satu sub populasi yang sama, sebaliknya populasi asal Negara-Bali membentuk sub populasi tersendiri. Korelasi yang erat antara nisbah panjang dan lebar karapas terhadap bobot tubuh ditemukan pada populasi P. Saugi-Sulawesi Selatan dan Cilacap-Jawa Tengah sebaliknya pada populasi Negara-Bali mempunyai korelasi yang rendah.Samples were collected from South Sulawesi, Central Java, East Java, and Bali. Genetic variation from allozyme was consistently low in all populations (0.0025) This research aimed to know morphometric and allozyme variation of Swimming Blue Crab, Portunus pelagicus from Indonesian waters. Population from Central Java and Bali had the highest heterozigosity value (0.004) compare to those from South Sulawesi and East Java (0.001). Sample cluster according to the pair’s genetic distance showe that East Java and Bali population has the smallest value (0.0013). By contrast, the largest value was observed in Central Java (0.0016) and South Sulawesi population (0.002). Principal Component Analysis showed that morphometrically male and female swimming blue crabs from Saugi and Cilacap population can build one identical subpopulation On the other hand population originated from Negara made a separate subpopulation There high correlation between carapace length and width ratio on population of P. Saugi-South Sulawesi and Cilacap-Central Java, on the other hand, Negara-Bali population had a low correlation.

scholarly journals The Application of CA and PCA to the Evaluation of Lipophilicity and Physicochemical Properties of Tetracyclic Diazaphenothiazine Derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Anna Nycz–Empel ◽  
Katarzyna Bober ◽  
Mirosław Wyszomirski ◽  
Ewa Kisiel ◽  
Andrzej Zięba
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Lipophilicity Parameter ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The subject of the study was 11 new synthetized tetracyclic diazaphenothiazine derivatives. Using thin-layer chromatography in a reverse phase system (RP-TLC), their RM0 lipophilicity parameter was determined. The mobile phase was composed of 0.2 M Tris buffer (pH = 7.4) and acetone (POCH S.A., Gliwice, Poland) in different concentrations. Using computer programs, based on different computational algorithms, theoretical values of lipophilicity (AClogP, ALOGP, ALOGPs, miLogP, MLOGP, XLOGP2, and XLOGP3) as well as molecular descriptors (molecular weight, volume of a molecule, dipole moment, polar surface, and energy of HOMO orbitals and LUMO orbitals) and parameters of biological activity: human intestinal absorption (HIA), plasma protein binding (PPB), and blood-brain barrier (BBB), were determined. The correlations between the experimental values of lipophilicity and theoretically calculated lipophilic values and also between experimental values of lipophilicity and values of physicochemical or biological properties were assessed. A certain relationship between structure and lipophilicity was found. On the other hand, the relationships between RM0 and physicochemical or biological properties were not statistically significant and therefore unusable. For all analysed values, an analysis of similarities and principal component analyses were also made. The obtained dendrograms for the analysis of lipophilicity and physicochemical and biological properties indicate the relationship between experimental values of lipophilicity and structure in the case of theoretical lipophilicity values only. PCA, on the other hand, showed that ALOGP, MLOGP, miLogP, and BBB and molar volume have the largest share in the description of the entire system. Distribution of compounds on the area of factors also indicates the connections between them related to their structure.

Forms of Realization of the Law in the Aspect Relations of Unconditional and Conditional

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-83
Author(s):  
G. N. Utkin N
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Life Circumstances ◽  
The Law ◽  
The One

The article is devoted to consideration of specifics and features of realization of the law in various forms in a context of a ratio conditional and unconditional in the law. The author comes to the conclusion that all forms of the law implementation, in varying degrees, whether conditional or unconditional, because, on the one hand, embodied in a specific situation, in relation to individuals, accompanied by a compilation of individual legal act, but, on the other hand, faced with the extrapolation quite dogmatically posilioned as binding rules of law to real life circumstances, mainly through public-imperious peremptory effect. For each of the forms of realization of the law, only the nature of the ratio and the degree of dominance of one of the two principals will differ, which, in the end, serves the presence of a wide range of ways and means of satisfying people’s needs and protecting interests in the law.

Comparative Public Finance Approaches to Natural Hazards Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alkhurayyif ◽  
Julie Winkler ◽  
Simon Andrew ◽  
Skip Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Natural Hazard ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Economic Output ◽  
Other Hand

An important challenge of natural hazards is that they inflict the greatest total economic damage in large, developed countries, where wealth is aggregated, but they create the greatest economic impact in smaller and developing countries, where a disaster caused by a natural hazard can easily overwhelm a national government’s ability to respond and its economy to recover. Thus, a common understanding in the literature is that the fiscal effect of a natural hazard is a function of the size of the disaster relative to the size of a nation’s economy at the time of the disaster. At the international level, the economic impact of disasters, for example, has been estimated to be US$2.9 trillion between 1998 and 2017, and approximately $945 billion of that occurred in the United States. With a 2019 gross domestic product (GDP) of $21 trillion, the total economic effect for those 20 years is close to 5% of the value of economic output for a single year. Developing country losses, on the other hand, can be overwhelming, especially as measured against the size of the economy. For example, Hurricane Maria’s impact on Dominica is estimated to have been approximately US$1.37 billion, which was equivalent to 225% of Dominica’s GDP. While an appreciation for the connection between the size of a national economy and natural hazards is clearly critical, the literature points to a number of additional factors that are important to understand about how government financial conditions are affected by natural hazards and vice versa. Debates continue about the role of foreign direct investment, government and private debt levels, investments in education, and internationally sponsored protective actions and insurance pools in improving the resilience of smaller and developing countries to disasters. For example, structural approaches to understanding the linkage between disasters and economic development suggest that countries with a limited number of sources of income have economies that are more vulnerable to disasters than more diversified economies, which might suggest that fiscal policies designed to increase economic diversity are important. Neoclassical approaches, on the other hand, argue that economic recovery is slowed by government intervention in the economy, and suggest that the best way for developing economies to recovery quickly is to reduce the amount of regulation in the economy. Whatever the theoretical approach, what remains most clear is the ongoing challenge of decoupling the emotional need to participate in responses to the human tragedy associated with disasters caused by natural hazards from the strategic imperative to invest in hazard mitigation at much higher rates globally and plan toward disaster risk reduction.

Relevansi Nilai Barang Terhadap Tindak Pidana Pencurian (Studi Kasus Pengadilan Negeri Makassar Tahun 2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-102
Author(s):  
Muhammad Djaelani Prasetya
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
High Burden ◽  
The Public ◽  
Other Hand

This research aims to provide prescriptions on what is the relevance of the Value of Goods toward Criminal Act of Theft and what should be done. This research is a Normative Research, with the approach was Conceptual, Statute and Case approach. Legal material itself was legislation, court rulings, legal journals, theses, and other official legal publications. The data then were analyzed qualitatively. The result of the researcher indicate that the Value of Goods as the causa prima has relevance to criminal act of theft. Misdriff or not, using regular or quick criminal procedure, both depend on the Value of Goods and the specific situation. On the other hand, the accusation of the public prosecutor has an essential role, especially in determining the loss, the specification of evidence, and the application of the Article which has implications for the consideration of judges' decisions. Finally, the high burden of cases and other problems can be prevented by strengthening the existence of misdriff through the adjustment or reconstruction of the Value of Goods until reconstruction of the Criminal Act of Theft.

scholarly journals Assessment of environmental risk from polluted organic wastewater in Long Thanh Industrial Park with the Nemerow index and Principal component Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-138
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Industrial Parks ◽  
Pca Method

This study aims to assess environmental risk using the improved Nemerow index and the principal component analysis (PCA) method in Long Thanh's Industrial Park in Dong Nai Province. The study was implemented in five industrial parks of Long Thanh District in 2019. The result showed that Loc An - Binh Son industrial park was at extreme high risk of the level (6.7). Three industrial parks of Long Thanh, Go Dau and An Phuoc were high-risk (from 3 to 5) respectively. On the other hand, Long Duc Industrial Park has obtained no environmental risk.

Treatment of Epilepsy

2021 ◽  
pp. 731-737
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Hoerth
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Drug Selection ◽  
Treatment Of Epilepsy ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Epilepsy Treatment

A systematic approach can simplify the process of epilepsy treatment, and knowledge of the antiseizure drugs is essential. This chapter summarizes the approach to treatment, presents a summary of medications and alternative therapies, and discusses treatment in special situations. A rational approach should be taken when selecting medications for the treatment of seizures associated with epilepsy. The choices for drug selection are ever expanding, which can make the selection process difficult for even experienced epileptologists, let alone trainees and patients. On the other hand, the diverse choices available allow medications to be tailored to each patient’s specific situation.

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