scholarly journals Isotope Composition of Precipitation, Groundwater, and Surface and Lake Waters from the Plitvice Lakes, Croatia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2414
Author(s):  
Ines Krajcar Bronić ◽  
Jadranka Barešić ◽  
Andreja Sironić ◽  
Ivanka Lovrenčić Mikelić ◽  
Damir Borković ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lake Waters ◽  
Plitvice Lakes

The application of tritium, 2H, and 18O in the characterization of the precipitation, groundwater, and surface and lake water of the Plitvice Lakes (PL), Croatia, over the 1979–2019 period is presented. An increase in the mean annual air temperature of 0.06 °C/year and in the annual precipitation amount of 10 mm/year is observed. The good correlation of the tritium activity concentration in the PL and Zagreb precipitation implies that the tritium data for Zagreb are applicable for the study of the PL area. The best local meteoric water line at PL was obtained by the reduced major axis regression (RMA) and precipitation-weighted ordinary least squares regression (PWLSR) approaches: δ2HPWLSR = (7.97 ± 0.12) δ18O + (13.8 ± 1.3). The higher deuterium excess at PL (14.0 ± 2.2 ‰) than that at Zagreb reflects the higher altitude and influence of the Mediterranean precipitation. The δ2H in precipitation ranges from −132.4‰ to −22.3‰ and δ18O from −18.3 ‰ to −4.1‰. The much narrower ranges in the groundwater (<1‰ in δ18O, <10‰ in δ2H) indicate the good mixing of waters in aquifers and short mean residence times. The higher average δ2H in all three karst springs observed after 2003 can be attributed to the increase in the mean air temperature. The mean δ2H and δ18O values in the surface and lake water increase downstream due to the evaporation of surface waters. There is no significant difference between the surface water line and the lake water line (2011–2014). The stable isotope composition of the surface and lake waters reacts to extreme hydrological conditions.

scholarly journals Isotopes of oxygen-18 and deuterium in precipitation in Slovakia / Izotopy kyslíka-18 A deutéria v zrážkach na Slovensku

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ladislav Holko ◽  
Michal Dóša ◽  
Juraj Michalko ◽  
Martin Šanda
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Meteoric Water Line ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Available Information

The article synthesizes available information on isotopic composition of precipitation in Slovakia (the Western Carpathians). Monthly δ18O data from eleven stations and period 1988-1997 were used to investigate correlations among the stations, altitude, air temperature and precipitation amount effects. The mean annual altitude and air temperature gradients of δ18O in precipitation were 0.21‰/100 m and 0.36‰/1°C, respectively. Maps of spatial distribution of mean annual δ18O in precipitation based on both gradients were constructed. The two maps do not significantly differ for the majority of Slovakia. δ2H data were available for only three stations. Local meteoric water line derived for the station with the longest data series (δ2H = = 7.86δ18O + 6.99) was close to the Global Meteoric Water line. Its parameters in periods 1991-1993 and 1991-2008 did not change. The study indicates that a more detailed monitoring of isotopic composition of precipitation in mountains should be carried out in the future. The highest station exhibited very small seasonal variability of δ18O in precipitation compared to other Slovak stations. The second highest mountain station had significantly higher deuterium excess than the neighboring stations located in the valley. In some analyses the data from the nearest stations situated abroad (Vienna, Krakow) were used.

scholarly journals Investigating late Holocene variations in hydroclimate and the stable isotope composition of precipitation using southern South American peatlands: an hypothesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 1457-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Daley ◽  
D. Mauquoy ◽  
F. M. Chambers ◽  
F. A. Street-Perrott ◽  
P. D. M. Hughes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Stable Isotope Composition ◽  
Δd And Δ18o

Abstract. Ombrotrophic raised peatlands provide an ideal archive for integrating late Holocene records of variations in hydroclimate and the estimated stable isotope composition of precipitation with recent instrumental measurements. Modern measurements of mean monthly surface air temperature, precipitation, and δD and δ18O-values in precipitation from the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries provide a short but invaluable record with which to investigate modern relationships between these variables, thereby enabling improved interpretation of the peatland palaeodata. Stable isotope data from two stations in the Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) from southern South America (Punta Arenas, Chile and Ushuaia, Argentina) were analysed for the period 1982 to 2008 and compared with longer-term meteorological data from the same locations (1890 to present and 1931 to present, respectively). δD and δ18O-values in precipitation have exhibited quite different trends in response to local surface air temperature and precipitation amount. At Punta Arenas, there has been a marked increase in the seasonal difference between summer and winter δ18O-values. A decline in the deuterium excess of summer precipitation at this station was associated with a general increase in relative humidity at 1000 mb over the surface of the Southeast Pacific Ocean, believed to be the major vapour source for the local precipitation. At Ushuaia, a fall in δ18O-values was associated with an increase in the mean annual amount of precipitation. Both records are consistent with a southward retraction and increase in zonal wind speed of the austral westerly wind belt. These regional differences, observed in response to a known driver, should be detectable in peatland sites close to the GNIP stations. Currently, insufficient data with suitable temporal resolution are available to test for these regional differences over the last 3000 yr. Existing peatland palaeoclimate data from two sites near Ushuaia, however, provide evidence for changes in the late Holocene that are consistent with the pattern observed in modern observations.

scholarly journals Long-Term Isotope Records of Precipitation in Zagreb, Croatia

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ines Krajcar Bronić ◽  
Jadranka Barešić ◽  
Damir Borković ◽  
Andreja Sironić ◽  
Ivanka Lovrenčić Mikelić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteoric Water ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Water Line ◽  
Meteoric Water Line

The isotope composition of precipitation has been monitored in monthly precipitation at Zagreb, Croatia, since 1976. Here, we present a statistical analysis of available long-term isotope data (3H activity concentration, δ2H, δ18O, and deuterium excess) and compare them to basic meteorological data. The aim was to see whether isotope composition reflected observed climate changes in Zagreb: a significant increase in the annual air temperature and larger variations in the precipitation amount. Annual mean δ18O and δ2H values showed an increase of 0.017‰ and 0.14‰ per year, respectively, with larger differences in monthly mean values in the first half of the year than in the second half. Mean annual d-excess remained constant over the whole long-term period, with a tendency for monthly mean d-excess values to decrease in the first half of the year and increase in the second half due to the influence of air masses originating from the eastern Mediterranean. Changes in the stable isotope composition of precipitation thus resembled changes in the temperature, the circulation pattern of air masses, and the precipitation regime. A local meteoric water line was obtained using different regression methods, which did not result in significant differences between nonweighted and precipitation-weighted slope and intercept values. Deviations from the Global Meteoric Water Line GMWL (lower slopes and intercepts) were observed in two recent periods and could be explained by changes in climate parameters. The temperature gradient of δ18O was 0.33‰/°C. The tritium activity concentrations in precipitation showed slight decreases during the last two decades, and the mean A in the most recent period, 2012–2018, was 7.6 ± 0.8 Tritium Units (TU).

Isotope analyses of the lake sediments in the Plitvice Lakes, Croatia

Open Physics ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Horvatinčić ◽  
Andreja Sironić ◽  
Jadranka Barešić ◽  
Ines Bronić ◽  
Jovana Nikolov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lake Sediments ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Radioactive Isotopes ◽  
Unsupported 210Pb ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Organic Fractions ◽  
Top 40 ◽  
Lake Waters ◽  
Plitvice Lakes

AbstractThe analyses of radioactive isotopes 14C, 137Cs and 210Pb, and stable isotope 13C were performed in the sediment cores, top 40 cm, taken in 2011 from karst lakes Prošće and Kozjak in the Plitvice Lakes National Park, central Croatia. Frozen sediment cores were cut into 1 cm thick layers and dried. 14C activity in both carbonate and organic fractions was measured using accelerator mass spectrometry technique with graphite synthesis. 137Cs, 210Pb, 214Pb and 214Bi were measured by low level gamma spectrometry method on ORTECHPGe detector with the efficiency of 32%.Distribution of 14C activity from both lakes showed increase of the 14C activity in the top 10–12 cm in both carbonate and organic fractions as a response to thermonuclear bomb-produced 14C in the atmosphere in the sixties of the 20th century. Anthropogenically produced 137Cs was also observed in sediment profiles. Sedimentation rates for both lake sediments were estimated based on the unsupported 210Pb activity.Different 14C activity of the carbonate fraction (63–80 pMC, percent of modern carbon) and organic fraction (82–93 pMC) is the result of geochemical and biological processes of the sediment precipitation in the lake waters. This is also confirmed by the δ 13 C values of both fractions. Carbon isotope composition, a 14 C and δ 13 C, was compared with the lake sediments from the same lakes collected in 1989 and 2003.

scholarly journals Decoupling of water and air temperature in winter causes warm season bias of lacustrine brGDGTs temperature estimates

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiantao Cao ◽  
Zhiguo Rao ◽  
Fuxi Shi ◽  
Guodong Jia
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
North China ◽  
Physical Phenomenon ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
High Latitudes ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Suspended Particulate ◽  
Local Mean ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. It has been frequently found that lacustrine brGDGTs-derived temperatures are warm season biased relative to measured annual mean air temperature (AT) in the mid to high latitudes, the mechanism of which, however, is not very clear. Here, we investigated the brGDGTs from catchment soils, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) and surface sediments in the Gonghai Lake in north China to explore this question. Our results showed that the brGDGTs distribution in sediments resembled that in the SPM but differed from the surrounding soils, suggesting a substantial aquatic origin of the brGDGTs in the lake. Therefore, established lake-specific calibrations were applied to estimate local mean annual AT. As usual, the estimates were significantly higher than the measured mean annual AT. However, they were similar to, and thus actually reflected, the mean annual lake water temperature (LWT). Interestingly, the mean annual LWT is close to the measured mean warm season AT, hence suggesting that the apparent warm season bias of lacustrine brGDGTs-derived temperatures could be caused by the discrepancy between AT and LWT. In our study region, ice forms at the lake surface during winter, leading to isolation of the underlying lake water from air and hence higher LWT than AT, while LWT follows AT during warm seasons when ice disappears. Therefore, we believe what lacustrine brGDGTs actually reflected is the mean annual LWT, which is higher than the mean annual AT in our study location. Since the decoupling between LWT and AT in winter due to ice formation is a universal physical phenomenon in the mid to high latitudes, we propose this phenomenon could be also the reason for the widely observed warm season bias of brGDGTs-derived temperatures in other lakes, especially the shallow lakes.

scholarly journals Investigating late Holocene variations in hydroclimate and the stable isotope composition of precipitation using southern South American peatlands: a hypothesis

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 595-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Daley ◽  
D. Mauquoy ◽  
F. M. Chambers
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Tierra Del Fuego ◽  
Stable Isotope Composition ◽  
Δd And Δ18o

Abstract. Ombrotrophic raised peatlands provide an ideal archive for integrating late Holocene records of variations in hydroclimate and the estimated stable isotope composition of precipitation with recent instrumental measurements. Modern measurements of mean monthly surface air temperature, precipitation and δD and δ18O values in precipitation from the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries provide a short but invaluable record with which to investigate modern relationships between these variables, thereby enabling improved interpretation of the peatland palaeodata. Data from two stations in the Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) from Tierra del Fuego (Punta Arenas, Chile and Ushuaia, Argentina) were analysed for the period 1982 to 2008. In both locations, δD and δ18O values have decreased in response to quite different trends in local surface air temperature and total precipitation amount. At Ushuaia, the fall in δ18O values is associated with an increase in the mean annual amount of precipitation. At Punta Arenas, the fall in δ18O values is weakly associated with decrease in the precipitation amount and an increase in local temperatures. The pattern in both records is consistent with an increase in the zonal intensity of the southern westerly wind belt. These regional differences, observed in response to a known driver, should be detectable in peatland sites close to the GNIP stations. There is currently insufficient availability of suitably temporally resolved data to test for these regional differences over the last 3000 yr. Existing peatland palaeoclimate data from two sites near Ushuaia, however, provide evidence for changes in the late Holocene that are consistent with the pattern observed in modern observations. Furthermore, the records suggest synchroneity in millennial-scale oscillations between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

scholarly journals Statistical Comparative Study of the Trend and Variation of Meteorological Parameters in Abeokuta, South-West Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
M. A. Sodunke ◽  
M. O. Sulaimon ◽  
R. S. Sunmonu ◽  
A. Mabosanyinje ◽  
Y. B. Lawal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

This study focuses on the statistical comparative study of the trend and variation of meteorological parameters covering a 10 year period (2001-2010) in the capital and largest city of Ogun State, Abeokuta, southwest region of Nigeria. The analyzed meteorological parameters were: wind speed, vapour pressure, relative humidity, temperature, sunshine and rainfall covering 10 years. The calculated coefficient of variation (CV) for sunshine (22.78%), wind speed (21.55%), and rainfall (99.12%) is a proof of exceedance of variability of threshold of 10% while the CV calculated for  air temperature (5.74%), relative humidity (4.52%) and vapour pressure (5.22%) show no significant variability. Significance test of meteorological parameters’ trend reveals a notable reduction in the values of vapour pressure, air temperature and relative humidity. It is, however, difficult to argue for a well-defined change in most of the meteorological parameters based on the monthly time series analyses performed in this work. Only wind speed shows a statistically significant increasing trend during the period of observation at 1% significance level. The trend revealed by rainfall and sunshine is statistically not significant. ANOVA test of significant difference among meteorological parameters show a p-value (Sig.) of 0.000 is an indication of the significant difference in the analyzed mean monthly coefficient of variation for the meteorological parameters under study. The Tukey’s multiple pair comparisons test, however, show that there is a significant difference between the mean monthly CV of rainfall–sunshine, rainfall-vapour pressure, rainfall-wind speed, rainfall-air temperature and rainfall-relative humidity. At the significance level of 5%, the calculated mean monthly CV of rainfall is significantly different from the mean monthly CV of other climatic parameters.

scholarly journals Palaeotemperature estimation in the Holsteinian Interglacial (MIS 11) based on oxygen isotopes of aquatic gastropods from eastern Poland

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Szymanek
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Growth Season ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Evaporative Enrichment ◽  
Climatic Optimum ◽  
Lake Waters

AbstractFor quantitative estimation of past water temperature of four Holsteinian (MIS 11) palaeolakes from eastern Poland, the oxygen isotope palaeothermometer was applied to shells of the aquatic gastropodsViviparus diluvianusandValvata piscinalis. The δ18O composition of their shells demonstrated the average growth-season water temperatures during the mesocratic stage of the interglacial (Ortel Królewski Lake), during its climatic optimum – theCarpinus–AbiesZone (Ossówka-Hrud, Roskosz and Szymanowo Lakes), and in the post-optimum (Szymanowo Lake). The calculation was based on δ18OShellvalues and the δ18OWaterassumed for the Holsteinian from the modern oxygen isotope composition of precipitation and the expected amount of evaporative enrichment. The mean oxygen isotope palaeotemperatures of Ortel Królewski lake waters were in the range of 18.1–21.9°C and were uniform for theTaxusandPinus–Larixzones. Ossówka-Hrud and Roskosz Lakes had mean temperatures of 17.4–21.0°C during the climatic optimum, whereas the temperature of Szymanowo lake waters was estimated at 20.6–21.7°C at that time. These values are concordant with the pollen-inferred July air temperatures noted during the Holsteinian in eastern Poland. Relatively high values of ~25°C in the post-optimum noted at Szymanowo were connected with the presence of a shallow and warm isolated bay indicated by pollen and mollusc records.

scholarly journals Spatial variability of northern Iberian rainfall stable isotope values: Investigating climatic controls on daily and monthly timescales

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Moreno ◽  
Miguel Iglesias ◽  
Cesar Azorin-Molina ◽  
Carlos Pérez-Mejías ◽  
Miguel Bartolomé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Isotope Composition ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Northern Spain

Abstract. This article presents for the first time a large dataset of rainfall isotopic measurements (d18Op and d2Hp) sampled every day or every two days from seven sites in a west-to-east transect across northern Spain for 2010–2017. The main aim of this study is to: (1) characterize rainfall isotopic variability in northern Spain at daily and monthly time scales, and (2) assess the principal influencing factors determining rainfall isotopic variability. This comprehensive spatio-temporal approach allows exploring the role of air mass source in determining the isotopic composition of rainfall in northern Iberia by using back-trajectories; Atlantic fronts are found to be the dominant source of northern Iberia rain events studied. The relative role of air temperature and rainfall amount in determining the stable isotope composition of precipitation changes along the west-to-east transect. Air temperature appears to be the most significant influence on d18Op at daily and monthly time scales with the highest air temperature-d18Op dependency found for the Pyrenean station while a few sites in the transect show a significant negative correlation with precipitation amount. Distance from the coast, site elevation, and moisture source region (Atlantic versus Mediterranean) also significantly modulate the d18Op values and ranges but the type of precipitation (convective vs frontal rainfall) plays a key control, with convective rainfall associated with higher d18Op values. This dataset of the rainfall isotopic composition represents another step forward towards developing a more detailed, mechanistic framework for interpreting stable isotopes in rainfall as a palaeoclimate and hydrological tracer.

scholarly journals Klimatska obilježja otoka Palagruže, Hrvatska

Geoadria ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Živko Trošić ◽  
Dražen Jašić ◽  
Vinko Marinković
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Rank Statistic ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Instrumental Period ◽  
C 30 ◽  
Minimum Air Temperature

The paper presents a brief review of contemporary research on climatic features of Palagruža Island, both in the pre-instrumental and instrumental period. The analysis was made upon climatic data provided by the meteorological station of Palagruža. For comparison purposes, data from the station in Split-Marjan was used, covering the standard climate period 1961-1990. The results show, among other things, that there is a decreasing trend of annual mean maximum air temperatures for 0.37 °C/30 years, average air temperature for 0.05 °C/30 years, and the mean minimum air temperature for 0.04 °C/30 years. There is a decreasing trend of annual mean of precipitation amount for 62 mm/30 years. Spearman rank statistic shows that neither of the trends noted above is statistically significant at 0.05 level (two-tailed t-test) 

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