scholarly journals Bedload Velocity and Backscattering Strength from Mobile Sediment Bed: A Laboratory Investigation Comparing Bistatic Versus Monostatic Acoustic Configuration

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3318
Author(s):  
Slaven Conevski ◽  
Rui Aleixo ◽  
Massimo Guerrero ◽  
Nils Ruther
Keyword(s):  
Complex Surface ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Apparent Velocity ◽  
Echo Intensity ◽  
Sediment Bed ◽  
Intensity Measurements ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
The Many ◽  
Internal Processing ◽  
Acoustic Sampling

Despite the many advantages of using active ultrasound sonars, recent studies have shown that the specific acoustic geometry, signal-processing configuration, and complex surface-volume scattering process at the riverbed introduce several uncertainties in bedload estimation. This study presents a comparison of bedload velocity and bottom echo intensity measurements performed by monostatic and bistatic active ultrasound systems. The monostatic configuration is widely applied in the field to measure the apparent velocity at the riverbed with an acoustic current Doppler profiler (ADCP). Two laboratory investigations were conducted in two different hydraulic facilities deploying ADCP Stream Pro, monostatic and bistatic acoustic velocity profilers, manufactured by Ubertone. The bistatic instruments provided more accurate bedload velocity measurements and helped in understanding the acoustic sampling of the monastic systems. The bistatic profiles succeeded in measuring a profile over the active bedload layer, and the monostatic instruments resulted in different bedload velocity estimations depending on the acoustic resolution and sampling. The echo intensity increased in the cells measured within the active bedload layer with respect to the cell measuring the water column above. The cells that sampled the immobile bed surface beneath the bedload layer showed a reduction of the echo intensity compared with the cells above. The acoustic sampling, which combines the measurement volume geometry and internal processing, seems crucial for more accurate outputs. Future research about the use of monostatic instruments in the field should aim to define the best possible setting for the acoustic parameters at a given bedload condition that may be tuned by evaluating the backscattering at the river bottom together with the apparent bedload velocity.

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Thematic Map Imaging of the Yacht Port on the Example of the Polish National Sailing Centre Marina in Gdańsk

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 7016
Author(s):  
Pawel S. Dabrowski ◽  
Cezary Specht ◽  
Mariusz Specht ◽  
Artur Makar
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Convex Surface ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Thematic Maps ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Many

The theory of cartographic projections is a tool which can present the convex surface of the Earth on the plane. Of the many types of maps, thematic maps perform an important function due to the wide possibilities of adapting their content to current needs. The limitation of classic maps is their two-dimensional nature. In the era of rapidly growing methods of mass acquisition of spatial data, the use of flat images is often not enough to reveal the level of complexity of certain objects. In this case, it is necessary to use visualization in three-dimensional space. The motivation to conduct the study was the use of cartographic projections methods, spatial transformations, and the possibilities offered by thematic maps to create thematic three-dimensional map imaging (T3DMI). The authors presented a practical verification of the adopted methodology to create a T3DMI visualization of the marina of the National Sailing Centre of the Gdańsk University of Physical Education and Sport (Poland). The profiled characteristics of the object were used to emphasize the key elements of its function. The results confirmed the increase in the interpretative capabilities of the T3DMI method, relative to classic two-dimensional maps. Additionally, the study suggested future research directions of the presented solution.

scholarly journals Thermoplastic Pultrusion: A Review

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Kirill Minchenkov ◽  
Alexander Vedernikov ◽  
Alexander Safonov ◽  
Iskander Akhatov
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermoplastic Composites ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Transportation Industry ◽  
Architectural Engineering ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The Many ◽  
Lower Production

Pultrusion is one of the most efficient methods of producing polymer composite structures with a constant cross-section. Pultruded profiles are widely used in bridge construction, transportation industry, energy sector, and civil and architectural engineering. However, in spite of the many advantages thermoplastic composites have over the thermoset ones, the thermoplastic pultrusion market demonstrates significantly lower production volumes as compared to those of the thermoset one. Examining the thermoplastic pultrusion processes, raw materials, mechanical properties of thermoplastic composites, process simulation techniques, patents, and applications of thermoplastic pultrusion, this overview aims to analyze the existing gap between thermoset and thermoplastic pultrusions in order to promote the development of the latter one. Therefore, observing thermoplastic pultrusion from a new perspective, we intend to identify current shortcomings and issues, and to propose future research and application directions.

scholarly journals Designing of Nanomaterials-Based Enzymatic Biosensors: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

Electrochem ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-184
Author(s):  
Francisco T. T. Cavalcante ◽  
Italo R. R. de A. Falcão ◽  
José E. da S. Souza ◽  
Thales G. Rocha ◽  
Isamayra G. de Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Immobilization ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Synthesis Properties ◽  
Signal Response ◽  
Enzymatic Biosensors ◽  
The Many ◽  
Biological Entities

Among the many biological entities employed in the development of biosensors, enzymes have attracted the most attention. Nanotechnology has been fostering excellent prospects in the development of enzymatic biosensors, since enzyme immobilization onto conductive nanostructures can improve characteristics that are crucial in biosensor transduction, such as surface-to-volume ratio, signal response, selectivity, sensitivity, conductivity, and biocatalytic activity, among others. These and other advantages of nanomaterial-based enzymatic biosensors are discussed in this work via the compilation of several reports on their applications in different industrial segments. To provide detailed insights into the state of the art of this technology, all the relevant concepts around the topic are discussed, including the properties of enzymes, the mechanisms involved in their immobilization, and the application of different enzyme-derived biosensors and nanomaterials. Finally, there is a discussion around the pressing challenges in this technology, which will be useful for guiding the development of future research in the area.

The many faces of suzhi in the Chinese organization and society

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Upton-McLaughlin
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mainland Chinese ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Expatriate Managers ◽  
The Many ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to explore the Chinese concept of suzhi and how it relates to behavioral standards within mainland Chinese society and the workplace. The article provides a general discussion of suzhi and its inherent elements to act as a foundation for the education of expatriate managers and executives and for future research by Chinese human resource management (HRM) scholars. Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on the author's first-hand experience and observations from five years of living and working abroad in mainland China with Chinese companies and executives. Findings – The concept of suzhi in China is a reflection of multiple behavioral standards throughout China. And while suzhi's roots are in ancient Chinese culture and Confucianism, it is also subject to influence and change. Practical implications – The paper may serve as a foundation both for expatriate managers seeking to improve HRM practices in foreign companies in China and future scholars who wish to conduct further research on suzhi and Chinese behavioral standards as they can be applied to the workplace. Originality/value – This is an attempt to enlighten expatriate managers and executives in China on the concept of suzhi and its implication for HRM in China.

Social Norms Sustaining Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review of Methodologies for Proxy Measures

2021 ◽  
pp. 152483802110131
Author(s):  
Ilana Seff
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Boolean Search ◽  
The Many

In light of the many robust quantitative data sets that include information on attitudes and behaviors related to intimate partner violence (IPV), and in an effort to expand the evidence base around social norms and IPV, many researchers construct proxy measures of norms within and across groups embedded in the data. While this strategy has become increasingly popular, there is no standardized approach for assessing and constructing these norm proxies, and no review of these approaches has been undertaken to date. This study presents the results of a systematic review of methods used to construct quantitative proxy measures for social norms related to IPV. PubMed, Embase, Popline, and Scopus, and PsycINFO were searched using Boolean search techniques. Inclusion criteria comprised studies published since 2000 in English that either (i) examined a norm proxy related to gender or IPV or (ii) analyzed the relationship between a norm proxy and perpetration of, experiences of, or attitudes toward IPV. Studies that employed qualitative methods or that elicited direct measures of descriptive or injunctive norms were not included. Twenty-six studies were eligible for review. Evidence from this review highlights inconsistencies in how proxies are constructed, how they are assessed to ensure valid representation of norms, and how researchers acknowledge their respective method’s limitations. Key processes and reflections employed by some of the studies are identified and recommended for future research inquiries.

Control of flexible manipulators: A survey

Robotica ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 533-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Benosman ◽  
G. Le Vey
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Complex Models ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Flexible Arms

A survey of the field of control for flexible multi-link robots is presented. This research area has drawn great attention during the last two decades, and seems to be somewhat less “attractive” now, due to the many satisfactory results already obtained, but also because of the complex nature of the remaining open problems. Thus it seems that the time has come to try to deliver a sort of “state of the art” on this subject, although an exhaustive one is out of scope here, because of the great amount of publications. Instead, we survey the most salient progresses – in our opinion – approximately during the last decade, that are representative of the essential different ideas in the field. We proceed along with the exposition of material coming from about 119 included references. We do not pretend to deeply present each of the methods quoted hereafter; however, our goal is to briefly introduce most of the existing methods and to refer the interested reader to more detailed presentations for each scheme. To begin with, a now well-established classification of the flexible arms control goals is given. It is followed by a presentation of different control strategies, indicating in each case whether the approach deals with the one-link case, which can be successfully treated via linear models, or with the multi-link case which necessitates nonlinear, more complex, models. Some possible issues for future research are given in conclusion.

The Many Faces of Addicted Women: Implications for Treatment and Future Research

1981 ◽  
pp. 833-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beth G. Reed ◽  
Judith Kovach ◽  
Nancy Bellows ◽  
Rebecca Moise
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
The Many

scholarly journals Reconciling measurement and modelling studies of the sources and fate of perfluorinated carboxylates

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian T. Cousins ◽  
Deguo Kong ◽  
Robin Vestergren
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Patterns ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Temporal Data ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Emission Changes ◽  
The Many ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Indirect Sources

Environmental contextFive years ago a well-cited review of the sources and fate of perfluorinated carboxylates was published. The findings of that review are revisited here in light of recently published measurement and modelling studies of the sources and fate of these compounds, and an attempt is made to reconcile the many seemingly disparate findings reported. This review also aims to provide a road map for future research on the sources and fate of perfluorinated carboxylates and related compounds. AbstractThis study critically evaluates the recently published measurement and modelling studies of the sources and fate of perfluorinated carboxylates (PFCAs). It is concluded that modelling studies provide support to the ‘direct hypothesis’ for PFOA and PFNA (i.e. the global dominance of direct sources (mainly from fluoropolymer manufacturing)). Empirical evidence for the importance of direct sources of PFOA and PFNA is provided by PFNA : PFOA ratios and isomer profiles of PFOA in ocean water. However, homologue patterns of long-chain PFCAs in biota from remote regions suggest that indirect sources (mainly from precursor degradation) are proportionally more important for PFCAs with more than 10 carbons. Temporal data in biotic and abiotic media are reviewed and an increasing trend to 2000 is observed for all PFCAs, with discrepancies in time trends reported after that period. Some studies on temporal patterns report a levelling off or decline in the latter part of the 2000s for PFOA and PFNA, whereas others show a continual increase throughout the study period. Differences in temporal patterns result from the fact that some environments respond faster to emission changes than others and may thus be useful to elucidate the importance of direct and indirect sources to different regions.

The use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve root function and nutrient-use efficiency

2021 ◽  
pp. 493-530
Author(s):  
Tom Thirkell ◽  
◽  
Grace Hoysted ◽  
Ashleigh Elliott ◽  
Katie Field ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Health Demands ◽  
The Many

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form endosymbiosis with over 70 % of land plants, including most crops including cereals. These symbioses facilitate resource exchange between partners and can significantly increase plant nutrient uptake and growth, among other benefits. AMF ubiquity in agricultural soils, in addition to the many roles they are known to play in soil health, demands we consider them when discussing crop function. We discuss how AMF are capable of increasing crop acquisition of macro- and micronutrients. We examine further impacts that AMF have on root system architecture, and how this relates to nutrient acquisition. We highlight reasons why potential benefits of the symbiosis are often not realised and how this influences current perspectives on the utility of AMF. We also discuss aspects of modern agronomy practice which are deleterious to mycorrhizal functioning. Strategies are suggested by which mycorrhizas might be exploited in future highlighting future research priorities.

Service-Oriented Architectures for Pervasive Computing

2010 ◽  
pp. 147-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elias S. Manolakos ◽  
Demetris G. Galatopoullos
Keyword(s):  
Pervasive Computing ◽  
Service Oriented Architecture ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Open Problems ◽  
Efficient Manner ◽  
Service Oriented Architectures ◽  
Software Applications ◽  
Service Oriented ◽  
User Tasks ◽  
The Many

The vision of pervasive computing is to create and manage computational spaces where large numbers of heterogeneous devices collaborate transparently to serve the user tasks all the time, anywhere. The original utility of a computer is now changing from a stand-alone tool that runs software applications to an environment-aware, context-aware tool that can enhance the user experience by executing services and carrying out his/her tasks in an efficient manner. However, the heterogeneity of devices and the user’s mobility are among the many issues that make developing pervasive computing applications a very challenging task. A solution to the programmability of pervasive spaces is adopting the service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm. In the SOA model, device capabilities are exposed as software services thus providing the programmer with a convenient abstraction level that can help to deal with the dynamicity of pervasive spaces. In this chapter the authors review the state of the art in SOA-based pervasive computing, identify existing open problems, and contribute ideas for future research.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document