scholarly journals Social Hydrological Analysis for Poverty Reduction in Community-Managed Water Resources Systems in Cambodia

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 1848
Author(s):  
Laura Forni ◽  
Susan Bresney ◽  
Sophia Espinoza ◽  
Angela Lavado ◽  
Marina RL Mautner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Social Analysis ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Water Planning ◽  
Water Resources Systems ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources Management ◽  
The Social

Achieving sustainable water resources management objectives can work in tandem with poverty reduction efforts. This study evidenced the strong social hydrological linkages that exist in Cambodia, which allowed for presenting a broader understanding of water resources challenges to better formulate and connect policies at the local and national levels. Models are often not developed with household- or community-level input, but rather with national- or coarse-level datasets. The method used in this study consisted of linking qualitative and quantitative social analysis with a previously developed technical water planning model. The results from the social inequalities analysis were examined for three water use types: domestic, rice production, and fishing in three parts of the watershed, namely, upstream, midstream, and downstream. Knowledge generated from the social analysis was used to refine previous water planning modeling. The model results indicate that without household data to consider social inequalities, the technical analysis for the Stung Chinit watershed was largely underrepresenting the shortages in irrigation supply seen by groups in the most downstream sections of the irrigation system. Without adding social considerations into the model, new policies or water infrastructure development suggested by the model could reinforce existing inequalities.

scholarly journals Systems Approach to Management of Water Resources—Toward Performance Based Water Resources Engineering

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slobodan Simonovic
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Water Resources Systems ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources Management ◽  
Water Resources Engineering

Global change, that results from population growth, global warming and land use change (especially rapid urbanization), is directly affecting the complexity of water resources management problems and the uncertainty to which they are exposed. Both, the complexity and the uncertainty, are the result of dynamic interactions between multiple system elements within three major systems: (i) the physical environment; (ii) the social environment; and (iii) the constructed infrastructure environment including pipes, roads, bridges, buildings, and other components. Recent trends in dealing with complex water resources systems include consideration of the whole region being affected, explicit incorporation of all costs and benefits, development of a large number of alternative solutions, and the active (early) involvement of all stakeholders in the decision-making. Systems approaches based on simulation, optimization, and multi-objective analyses, in deterministic, stochastic and fuzzy forms, have demonstrated in the last half of last century, a great success in supporting effective water resources management. This paper explores the future opportunities that will utilize advancements in systems theory that might transform management of water resources on a broader scale. The paper presents performance-based water resources engineering as a methodological framework to extend the role of the systems approach in improved sustainable water resources management under changing conditions (with special consideration given to rapid climate destabilization). An illustrative example of a water supply network management under changing conditions is used to convey the basic principles of performance-based water resources engineering methodology.

scholarly journals One or two nation projects? Discourse on inequalities and equality-related policies in South Africa and Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (55) ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Leubolt
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Critical Junctures ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historical Heritage

AbstractThis contribution focuses on the social production and reproduction of social inequalities in Brazil and South Africa. It aims at interlinking different theoretical perspectives and applying them to a comparative analysis of inequality-related policies. Resorting to strategic-relational institutionalism, the historical heritage of discourse formation and the institutionalization of inequality regimes in the two countries to inform the analysis of the more recent conjuncture will be analysed. While South Africa is an example of formal racist discrimination, the Brazilian inequality regime worked on more informal patterns. The different historical heritage influences current foci of equality-related policies, which tend to be dominantly anti-racist in South Africa, while focusing on poverty reduction in Brazil during the recent years. The latter experience tended more towards a discourse of a ‘common interest’ and was better able to institutionalize policies to reduce income inequalities. South Africa is still discursively divided into ‘two nations’. Social uplifting for Africans linked to the governing parties was only partially accompanied by improved living conditions for the poor majority of Africans. Both countries are significantly structured by the respective historical heritage concerning both the creation and the reduction of inequalities. The Brazilian ‘one nation’ discourse was more successful in promoting equality-related policies than its ‘two nations’ counterpart in South Africa. Despite important improvements, both countries are now in critical junctures and societal contradictions are beginning to create new crisis tendencies.

scholarly journals Sustainable Development of Water Resources: Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Water Stress in South Korea

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soojun Kim ◽  
Naresh Devineni ◽  
Upmanu Lall ◽  
Hung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Water Distribution ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources Management

The development of South Korean water resources has been heavily concentrated in a few areas, corresponding to regions that have experienced economic growth. The resulting competition for the resource is leading to calls for more equitable water distribution. The objective of this study is to evaluate water stress areas for sustainable water resources management. For this, a spatially distributed water stress index that accounts for climate variability at intra- and inter-annual time scales is developed and applied to South Korea to better understand the water allocations, and the subsequent water stress. Water demand (household water, industrial water, agricultural water, and livestock water) and water supply (precipitation use, reservoir use, stream use, and underground water use) estimates based on the period 1973–2009 were used to compute the normalized deficit index (NDI) and normalized deficit cumulative (NDC) for each hydrologic basin. Water stress was assessed for each of the four decades (1973–1982; 1983–1991; 1992–2000; 2001–2009). The overall water stress has decreased in 2000–2009 compared to 1973–1982 because of water infrastructure development. However, while the risk of water stress was low in the Han River basin, the Nakdong River was found to be very vulnerable to water stress. It was possible to investigate where water management strategies are needed for the sustainable development of South Korean water resources.

scholarly journals Water resources management – towards performance based approach.

2021 ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Dynamic Interactions ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Water Resources Systems ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Explicit Consideration ◽  
Recent Trends

Global change that results from population growth, global warming, and land use change (especially rapid urbanization) directly affects the complexity of water resources management problems and the uncertainty they are exposed to. Both, the complexity and the uncertainty, are the result of dynamic interactions of innumerable system parts within three major systems: (i) the physical environment; (ii) the social and demographic characteristics of the region under consideration; and (iii) the pipes, roads, bridges, buildings, and other components of the constructed environment (infrastructure). Recent trends in dealing with complex water resources systems include consideration of the entire region being affected, explicit consideration of all costs and benefits, elaboration of a large number of alternative solutions, and the greater participation of all stakeholders in the decision-making. Systems approaches based on simulation, optimization, and multi-objective analyses, in deterministic, stochastic and fuzzy forms, demonstrated in the last 50 years, an excellent potential for providing appropriate support for effective water resources management. This paper explores the future opportunities based on the advances in systems theory that can, on a broader scale, majorly transform the management of water resources. The paper identifies performance-based water resources engineering as a methodological framework to improve water resources management in the face of rapid climate destabilization so that sustainability becomes the norm, not the occasional success story.

Some reflections on social structure: Theoretical and practical aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 1063-1078
Author(s):  
T.N. Skorobogatova ◽  
I.Yu. Marakhovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Service Industry ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
The Social ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Internal And External Factors ◽  
The Impact

Subject. This article discusses the role of social infrastructure in the national economy and analyzes the relationship between the notions of Infrastructure, Service Industry and Non-Productive Sphere. Objectives. The article aims to outline a methodology for development of the social infrastructure of Russia's regions. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of statistical and comparative analyses. The Republic of Crimea and Rostov Oblast's social infrastructure development was considered as a case study. Results. The article finds that the level of social infrastructure is determined by a number of internal and external factors. By analyzing and assessing such factors, it is possible to develop promising areas for the social sphere advancement. Conclusions. Assessment and analysis of internal factors largely determined by the region's characteristics, as well as a comprehensive consideration of the impact of external factors will help ensure the competitiveness of the region's economy.

Victor S. D'Souza. Development Planning and Structural Inequalities: The Response of the Underprivileged. New Delhi: Sage Publications 1990. Pages 206 + Index. Price: Rs 180 (Hardbound).

1991 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
Ziaul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Capital Formation ◽  
Indian Society ◽  
The Social

Deveiopment planning in India, as in other developing countries, has generally been aimed at fostering an industrially-oriented policy as the engine of economic growth. This one-sided economic development, which results in capital formation, creation of urban elites, and underprivileged social classes of a modern society, has led to distortions in the social structure as a whole. On the contrary, as a result of this uneven economic development, which is narrowly measured in terms of economic growth and capital formation, the fruits of development have gone to the people according to their economic power and position in the social structure: those occupying higher positions benefiting much more than those occupying the lower ones. Thus, development planning has tended to increase inequalities and has sharpened divisive tendencies. Victor S. D'Souza, an eminent Indian sociologist, utilizing the Indian census data of 1961, 1971, and 1981, examines the problem of structural inequality with particular reference to the Indian Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes - the two most underprivileged sections of the present Indian society which, according to the census of 1981, comprised 15.75 percent and 7.76 percent of India's population respectively. Theoretically, he takes the concept of development in a broad sense as related to the self-fulfIlment of the individual. The transformation of the unjust social structure, the levelling down of glaring economic and social inequalities, and the concern for the development of the underprivileged are for the author the basic elements of a planned development. This is the theoretical perspective of the first chapter, "Development Planning and Social Transformation".

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