scholarly journals Monitoring Crop Evapotranspiration and Transpiration/Evaporation Partitioning in a Drip-Irrigated Young Almond Orchard Applying a Two-Source Surface Energy Balance Model

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2073
Author(s):  
Juan M. Sánchez ◽  
Llanos Simón ◽  
José González-Piqueras ◽  
Francisco Montoya ◽  
Ramón López-Urrea
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Biophysical Parameters ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Woody Crop ◽  
Almond Orchard

Encouraged by the necessity to better understand the water use in this woody crop, a study was carried out in a commercial drip-irrigated young almond orchard to quantify and monitor the crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and its partitioning into tree canopy transpiration (T) and soil evaporation (E), to list and analyze single and dual crop coefficients, and to extract relationships between them and the vegetation fractional cover (fc) and remote-sensing-derived vegetation indices (VIs). A Simplified Two-Source Energy Balance (STSEB) model was applied, and the results were compared to ground measurements from a flux tower. This study comprises three consecutive growing seasons from 2017 to 2019, corresponding to Years 2 to 4 after planting. Uncertainties lower than 50 W m−2 were obtained for all terms of the energy balance equation on an instantaneous scale, with average estimation errors of 0.06 mm h−1 and 0.6 mm d−1, for hourly and daily ETc, respectively. Water use for our young almond orchard resulted in average mid-season crop coefficient (Kc mid) values of 0.30, 0.33, and 0.45 for the 2017, 2018, and 2019 growing seasons, corresponding to fc mean values of 0.21, 0.35, and 0.39, respectively. Average daily evapotranspiration for the same periods resulted in 1.7, 2.1, and 3.2 mm d−1. The results entail the possibility of predicting the water use of any age almond orchards by monitoring its biophysical parameters.

Scale analysis of evapotranspiration estimates from an energy-water balance model and remotely sensed LST

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Paciolla ◽  
Chiara Corbari ◽  
Giuseppe Ciraolo ◽  
Antonino Maltese ◽  
Marco Mancini
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Water Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Energy Fluxes

<p>Remote Sensing (RS) information has progressively found, in recent years, more and more applications in hydrological modelling as a valuable tool for easy and frequent collection of geophysical data. However, this kind of data should be handled carefully, minding its characteristics, spatial resolution and the heterogeneity of the target area.</p><p>In this work, a scale analysis on evapotranspiration estimates over heterogeneous crops is performed combining a distributed energy-water balance model (FEST-EWB) and high-resolution remotely-sensed Land Surface Temperature (LST) and vegetation data.</p><p>The FEST-EWB model is calibrated on measured LST, based on a procedure where every single pixel is modified independently one from the other; hence in each pixel of the analysed domain the minimum of the pixel difference between modelled RET and satellite observed LST is searched over the period of calibration.</p><p>The case study is a Sicilian vineyard, with test dates in the summer of 2008. Meteorological and energy fluxes data are available from an eddy-covariance station, while LST and vegetation data are obtained from low-altitude flights at the high resolution of 1.7 metres.</p><p>After a preliminary calibration on LST data and validation on energy fluxes, the scale analysis is performed in two ways: model input aggregation and model output aggregation. Four coarser scales are selected in reference to some common satellite products resolution: 10.2 m (in reference to Sentinel’s 10 m), 30.6 m (Landsat, 30 m), 244.8 m (MODIS visible, 250 m) and 734.4 m (MODIS, 1000 m). First, modelled surface temperature and evapotranspiration are aggregated to each scale by progressive averaging. Then, model inputs are upscaled to the same spatial resolutions and the model is calibrated anew, obtaining independent results directly at the target scale.</p><p>The results of the two procedures are found to be quite similar, testifying to the capacity of the model to provide accurate products for a heterogeneous area even at low resolutions. The robustness of the analysis is strengthened by a further comparison with two well-established energy-balance algorithms: the one source Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) and the Two-Source Energy Balance (TSEB) model.</p>

scholarly journals Satellite-based energy balance model to estimate seasonal evapotranspiration for irrigated sorghum: a case study from the Gezira scheme, Sudan

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1129-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Bashir ◽  
T. Hata ◽  
H. Tanakamaru ◽  
A. W. Abdelhadi ◽  
A. Tada
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Remotely Sensed ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Crop Coefficients ◽  
Consistent Information

Abstract. The availability of the actual water use from agricultural crops is considered as the key factor for irrigation water management, water resources planning, and water allocation. Traditionally, evapotranspiration (ET) has been calculated in the Gezira scheme as the point of reference with evapotranspiration (ETo) and crop coefficients (kc) being derived from actual measurements of soil-water balance. Recently developed, advanced energy balance models assisted in estimating the ET through the remotely sensed data. In this study Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) and MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images were used to estimate the spatial distribution of the daily, monthly and seasonal ET for irrigated sorghum in the Gezira scheme, Sudan. The daily ET maps were also used to estimate kc over time and space. Results of the energy balance, based on being remotely sensed, were compared to actual measurements conducted during 2004/05 season. The seasonal actual ET values, obtained from the seven MODIS images for irrigated sorghum, were estimated at 579 mm. The values for remotely sensed kc, derived during the initial mid-season and late-season crop development stages, were 0.62, 0.85, 1.15, and 0.48, respectively. On the other hand, the values for the experimental kc during the pervious mention stages were 0.55, 0.94, 1.21 and 0.65, respectively. The estimated seasonal ET of the sorghum, derived by remotely sensed kc, was 674 mm. The Landsat data and the Free MODIS provided reliable, exhaustive, and consistent information on the water use, relevant for decision support in the Gezira scheme.

scholarly journals Determining water use of sorghum from two-source energy balance and radiometric temperatures

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3061-3070 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Sánchez ◽  
R. López-Urrea ◽  
E. Rubio ◽  
V. Caselles
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Crop Coefficient ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Crop Water ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Crop Water Use ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Experimental Campaign

Abstract. Estimates of surface actual evapotranspiration (ET) can assist in predicting crop water requirements. An alternative to the traditional crop-coefficient methods are the energy balance models. The objective of this research was to show how surface temperature observations can be used, together with a two-source energy balance model, to determine crop water use throughout the different phenological stages of a crop grown. Radiometric temperatures were collected in a sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) field as part of an experimental campaign carried out in Barrax, Spain, during the 2010 summer growing season. Performance of the Simplified Two-Source Energy Balance (STSEB) model was evaluated by comparison of estimated ET with values measured on a weighing lysimeter. Errors of ±0.14 mm h−1 and ±1.0 mm d−1 were obtained at hourly and daily scales, respectively. Total accumulated crop water use during the campaign was underestimated by 5%. It is then shown that thermal radiometry can provide precise crop water necessities and is a promising tool for irrigation management.

scholarly journals Remote Sensing Energy Balance Model for the Assessment of Crop Evapotranspiration and Water Status in an Almond Rootstock Collection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Bellvert ◽  
Héctor Nieto ◽  
Ana Pelechá ◽  
Christian Jofre-Čekalović ◽  
Lourdes Zazurca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Water Productivity ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Mean Square Errors

One of the objectives of many studies conducted by breeding programs is to characterize and select rootstocks well-adapted to drought conditions. In recent years, field high-throughput phenotyping methods have been developed to characterize plant traits and to identify the most water use efficient varieties and rootstocks. However, none of these studies have been able to quantify the behavior of crop evapotranspiration in almond rootstocks under different water regimes. In this study, remote sensing phenotyping methods were used to assess the evapotranspiration of almond cv. “Marinada” grafted onto a rootstock collection. In particular, the two-source energy balance and Shuttleworth and Wallace models were used to, respectively, estimate the actual and potential evapotranspiration of almonds grafted onto 10 rootstock under three different irrigation treatments. For this purpose, three flights were conducted during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons with an aircraft equipped with a thermal and multispectral camera. Stem water potential (Ψstem) was also measured concomitant to image acquisition. Biophysical traits of the vegetation were firstly assessed through photogrammetry techniques, spectral vegetation indices and the radiative transfer model PROSAIL. The estimates of canopy height, leaf area index and daily fraction of intercepted radiation had root mean square errors of 0.57 m, 0.24 m m–1 and 0.07%, respectively. Findings of this study showed significant differences between rootstocks in all of the evaluated parameters. Cadaman® and Garnem® had the highest canopy vigor traits, evapotranspiration, Ψstem and kernel yield. In contrast, Rootpac® 20 and Rootpac® R had the lowest values of the same parameters, suggesting that this was due to an incompatibility between plum-almond species or to a lower water absorption capability of the rooting system. Among the rootstocks with medium canopy vigor, Adesoto and IRTA 1 had a lower evapotranspiration than Rootpac® 40 and Ishtara®. Water productivity (WP) (kg kernel/mm water evapotranspired) tended to decrease with Ψstem, mainly in 2018. Cadaman® and Garnem® had the highest WP, followed by INRA GF-677, IRTA 1, IRTA 2, and Rootpac® 40. Despite the low Ψstem of Rootpac® R, the WP of this rootstock was also high.

Surface anthropogenic heat islands in six megacities: An assessment based on a triple-source surface energy balance model

2020 ◽  
Vol 242 ◽  
pp. 111751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Karimi Firozjaei ◽  
Qihao Weng ◽  
Chunhong Zhao ◽  
Majid Kiavarz ◽  
Linlin Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Balance Model ◽  
Anthropogenic Heat ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Heat Islands

scholarly journals Mapping of coupling hot spots of satellite derived latent heat flux in indian agro-climatic regions

2014 ◽  
Vol XL-8 ◽  
pp. 339-345
Author(s):  
I. Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Source Surface ◽  
Water Index

This study focuses on the understanding and mapping of coupling hotspots of LE versus terrestrial and meteorological parameters. Single source surface energy balance model was used to derive surface energy balance parameters. Agro climatic region wise monthly information of terrestrial, energy balance and meteorological parameters were derived during June- September from decadal analysis of MODIS data (2003&ndash;2012) over India (68–100°E, 5–40°N) at 5 km spatial resolution. Information on rainfall was obtained from gridded rainfall data (1° &times; 1° spatial resolution) from Indian Meteorological Department (IMD). The spatiotemporal variability of the parameters such as rainfall, evapotranspiration (ET), evaporative fraction (EF), soil water index (SWI), land surface temperature (LST) and air temperature (T<sub>a</sub>) showed strong influence on seasonal LE fluctuation. LE showed positive linear coupling with ET (0.52 <R<sup>2</sup> ≤ 0.91), EF (0.79 ≤ R<sup>2</sup> ≤ 0.96), SWI (0.80 ≤ R<sup>2</sup> ≤ 0.93) and negative exponential coupling with LST (0.63 ≤ R<sup>2</sup> ≤ 0.87), T<sub>a</sub> (0.55 < R<sup>2</sup> ≤ 0.83). The pixel based knowledge of the parameters was incorporated into hierarchical decision rule algorithm and pixel-by-pixel segmentation of monthly coupling of LE versus parameters (ET, EF, SWI, LST, T<sub>a</sub>) was generated. The rainfall zonations in a spatiotemporal domain were done based on the LE couplings that clearly demarcated the highest (West Coast Plains and Hills Region, Himalayan region), moderate (Gangetic Plains and Hills Regions, and the Plateau and Hills Regions) and lowest rainfall (Western dry region) areas. The transition of zone-wise availability of rainfall (both surplus and deficient) can be very well understood from the seasonal dynamics of the LE couplings.

METRIC-GIS: An advanced energy balance model for computing crop evapotranspiration in a GIS environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 ◽  
pp. 104770
Author(s):  
J.M. Ramírez-Cuesta ◽  
R.G. Allen ◽  
D.S. Intrigliolo ◽  
A. Kilic ◽  
C.W. Robison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Balance Model ◽  
Balance Model ◽  
Crop Evapotranspiration ◽  
Gis Environment
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