Development of Cotton Linter Nanocellulose for Complexation of Ca, Fe, Mg and Mn in Effluent Organic Matter

Effluent organic matter (EfOM) is present in different domestic and industrial effluents, and its capacity to hold metallic ions can interfere in the wastewater treatment process. Due to the low quality of water, new sustainable technologies for this purpose have become extremely important, with the development of renewable-source nanomaterials standing out in the literature. Nanocellulose (NC) deserves to be highlighted in this context due to its physicochemical characteristics and its natural and abundant origin. In this context, the interactions between NC extracted from cotton linter, organic matter fraction (humic substances) and metal ions have been evaluated. Free metal ions (Ca, Fe, Mg and Mn) were separated by ultrafiltration and quantified by atomic absorption spectrometry. The nanomaterial obtained showed potential for the treatment of effluents containing iron even in the presence of organic matter. The probable interaction of organic matter with NC prevents the efficient removal of calcium, magnesium and manganese. For these elements, it is desirable to increase the interaction between metal and NC by modifying the surface of the nanomaterial.

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ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND HEAVY METALS IN EFFLUENTS FROM ODOGUNYAN INDUSTRIAL ESTATE, LAGOS, NIGERIA

FUDMA Journal of Sciences ◽

10.33003/fjs-2020-0404-475 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 223-230

Author(s):

S. O. Owalude ◽

E. O. Odebunmi ◽

K. O. Babalola

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Physicochemical Parameters ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Total Hardness ◽

Wastewater Treatment Process ◽

Industrial Estate ◽

Metal Levels ◽

The Impact

The impact of the industrial effluents from Odogunyan industrial estate on the environment was assessed by determination of some physicochemical characteristics of the effluent samples and comparison with discharged standards to ascertain the efficiency of industries’ wastewater treatment process. The physicochemical parameters were evaluated by conventional methods while heavy metals in the effluent samples were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The results for all the effluents revealed that temperature was in the range of 32- 35 ; Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 43-86.7 mg/L; Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 492-888 mg/L; Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 1667-13333 mg/L; Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 350-1000 mg/L; Total Solids (TS) 3350-14333 mg/L; Electrical Conductivity 166.5-12390 μS/cm; Total Acidity (TA) 12-60 mg/L and total hardness 24-56 mg/L. The AAS analysis results showed the average metal levels in mg/L as 0.7-1.15, 0.05-0.44, 2.0-45.0, 0.01 and 0.03-0.17 for Zn, Cu, Fe, Cd and Cr respectively. Thus, there is a need for proper remedial measures of the effluents before their discharge into the water bodies

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Effluent organic matter removal during advanced wastewater treatment process: O3-BAC and AC/O3-BAC

2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering ◽

10.1109/mace.2011.5988341 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Jin Guo ◽

Bao Gui Wang ◽

Feng Sheng ◽

Fang Fang Yin

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Treatment Process ◽

Effluent Organic Matter ◽

Wastewater Treatment Process ◽

Organic Matter Removal ◽

Advanced Wastewater Treatment

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Biodiversity of cyanobacteria in industrial effluents.

Acta Botanica Malacitana ◽

10.24310/abm.v32i0.7026 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 27-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Subramaniyan Vijayakumar ◽

Nooruddin Thajuddin ◽

Chokkaiya Manoharan

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Dissolved Oxygen ◽

Indicator Species ◽

Pollution Abatement ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

Single Species ◽

Paper Mill ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Sugar Mill ◽

Number Of Species

ABSTRACT. Biodiversity of cyanobacteria in industrial effluents. In order to study the biodiversity of cyanobacteria in industrial effluents, four different effluents such as dye, paper mill, pharmaceutical and sugar were selected. The physicochemical characteristics of all the effluents studied were more or less similar. Totally 59 species of cyanobacteria distributed in four different effluents were recorded. Among the effluents, sugar mill recorded the maximum number of species (55) followed by dye (54), paper mill (45) and pharmaceutical (30). Except pharmaceutical effluent, others recorded heterocystous cyanobacteria. In total 26 species of cyanobacteria were recorded in common to all the effluents analysed. Of them, Oscillatoria with 13 species was the dominant genus which was followed by Phormidium (8), Lyngbya (2), Microcystis (2) and Synechococcus with single species. The abundance of cyanobacteria in these effluents was due to favourable contents of oxidizable organic matter, rich calcium and abundant nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates with less dissolved oxygen. Indicator species from each effluent and their immense value for the future pollution abatement programmes have also been discussed.Key words. Cyanobacteria, Industrial effluents.RESUMEN. Biodiversidad de cianobacterias en vertidos industriales. Se ha estudiado la biodiversidad de cianobacterias presente en vertidos industriales de diferente naturaleza (colorantes, fabricación de papel, sector farmacéutico y azúcar). Las características físico-químicas de los vertidos fueron más o menos similares. Se han identificado un total de 59 especies de cianobacterias en los cuatro tipos de vertidos. La mayor riqueza específica se encontró en el vertido de la industria azucarera (55 especies), seguida luego por la industria de colorantes, papel y productos farmacéuticos (54, 45 y 30 especies, respectivamente). Con la excepción del vertido de la industria farmacéutica, en los restantes vertidos se detectaron cianobacterias heterocistadas. El número de especies comunes a los cuatro vertidos ascendió a 26. Entre éstas, Oscillatoria, con 13 especies, fue el género dominante, seguido por Phormidium (8), Lyngbya y Microcystis (ambas con 2) y Synechococcus (1). La abundancia de cianobacterias en estos vertidos se debió al contenido en materia orgánica oxidable, altos niveles de calcio y nutrientes inorgánicos (nitratos y fosfatos) y bajos niveles de oxígeno disuelto. Se discuten el valor del indicador de especies de cada vertido y su importancia para los programas de reducción de la contaminación.Palabras clave. Cianobacterias, vertidos industriales.

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Adsorption of metal ions in red marine algae Lithothamnium calcareum in the treatment of industrial effluents

Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science ◽

10.4136/ambi-agua.2740 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Jaíza Ribeiro Mota e Silva ◽

Luiz Fernando Coutinho de Oliveira ◽

Camila Silva Franco ◽

Juliano Elvis de Oliveira ◽

Bárbara Belchior Silvério

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Adsorption Kinetics ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Marine Algae ◽

Thermochemical Treatment ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

Absorption Spectrometry ◽

Batch Adsorption ◽

High Concentration ◽

Equilibrium Concentrations

This study investigated the adsorption capacity of the elements Chromium (Cr), Manganese (Mn) and Zinc (Zn) to marine algae Lithothamnium calcareum by means of adsorption kinetics and batch adsorption tests, with a view to the development of a simple technique for the treatment of effluents that have a high concentration of metal ions. The algae was sieved, washed and subjected to treatment. In the adsorption kinetics, 0.2 g of algae was weighed, an amount transferred to 125 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, to which was added 15 mL of solution with a concentration of 5 mg L-1 of the metal ion. The flasks were stirred at 60 rpm for 240 minutes. In batch adsorption, 0.2 g of algae was weighed, amount transferred to 125 mL Erlenmeyer flasks, to which was added 15 mL of solution with concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 250 e 500 mg L-1 of the metal ion. The flasks were stirred at 60 rpm for 24 hours. In the two tests, the supernatant solutions collected were centrifuged at 2000 rpm for 5 minutes and the equilibrium concentrations of metal ions were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. It was found that, in 240 minutes of contact, the Lithothamnium calcareum removed 15.5% of Cr, 33.0% of Mn and 8.0% of Zn in solution; and that in 24 hours of contact, at a concentration of 5 mg L-1, it removed 0.4% of Cr, 52.5% of Mn and 92.6% of Zn; and, at a concentration of 500 mg L-1, it removed 20.0% of Cr, 22.6% of Mn and 40.8% of Zn. The results showed that the Lithothamnium calcareum submitted to thermochemical treatment presented potential for use in the adsorption of Cr, Mn and Zn.

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PREDICTIVE SIMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION ORIENTED MODELING FOR THE EXTRACTION OF METAL IONS FROM SOLUTIONS INTO A NOVEL BIS-SCHIFF BASE

10.37516/global.j.chem.app.2019.0059 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

F. S. Nworie ◽

S. O. Ngele ◽

J. C. Onah

Keyword(s):

Metal Ions ◽

Metal Concentration ◽

Acid Concentration ◽

Aqueous Media ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

Ligand Concentration ◽

Simulation And Optimization ◽

Chemometric Technique ◽

Model Equations ◽

Level Of Significance

Metal ions present in waste samples, industrial effluents, acid mines and other aqueous media constitute a serious challenge in different human activities. Solvent extraction a technique for preconcentration, separation and identification of trace amount of metal ions coupled with multivariate chemometric technique was used for the determination of Fe(II) and Cr(III) from solutions in the presence of bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (SALEN). The influence of main extraction variables affecting the extraction efficiency was simultaneously studied and regression model equations illustrating the relationship between variables predicted. The extraction parameters (time of extraction, acid concentration, ligand concentration, temperature and metal concentration) were optimized using experimental designs with the contributions of the various parameters to extraction of the metal ions bound to the complexone evaluated using SPSS19.0 software. The statistically determined simulated models for the parameters were R2 = 0.946, 0.727, 0.793, 0.53, 0.53, 1.000 and F- values of 70.400, 13. 285, 15.348, 4.646 and 2.569×105 respectively for time of extraction, acid concentration, ligand concentration, temperature and metal concentration for Cr (III). For Fe (II), R2 = 0.243, 0.371, 0.519, 0.446, 1.000 and F-values of 0.964, 2.953, 4.310, 3.216 and 2.516×105 for time of extraction, acid concentration, ligand concentration, temperature and metal concentration respectively. The level of significance of the models as predicted was both lower than 5% making it feasible, efficient, reproducible and accurate. This means that metal ions at the conditions stated could be removed from waste samples, industrial effluents, acid mines and other aqueous media with extension in industrial scale application.

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The Effect of Metallic and Ionic Species on the Performance of a Biological Effluent Treatment System

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.1977.013 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 191-212

Author(s):

B. Volesky ◽

Q. Samak ◽

P. Waller

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Inorganic Ions ◽

Industrial Effluents ◽

Original Data ◽

Ionic Species ◽

Threshold Concentration ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Organic Load ◽

Metallic Ions ◽

Activated Sludge Systems

Abstract Review of the available results appearing in the recent literature is presented focusing particularly upon the effects of metallic ions such as Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg, V, Zn, Ni and Co. Some original data involving the effects of Na are presented and discussed. Development of parameters used in evaluating the influence of toxic or inhibitory species on the mixed microbial population of an activated sludge system is of crucial importance and different techniques employed such as BOD-COD-TOC-removal rates, Oxygen Uptake Rate, and others are discussed, showing relative inadequacy of currently applied assays. From the data available, certain trends can be discerned. There is a definite threshold concentration for each metallic ion, depending on the organic load of the feed. In the order of increasing toxicity to activated sludge systems reflected in lower BOD removals the following metals have been listed as inhibiting factors at concentrations starting from 1 ppm applied on a continuous basis: hexavalent chromium, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, trivalent chromium, copper and nickel. Metals in combination have not been reported to exhibit any significantly different effects as compared to those observed with individually introduced metallic ions. Tolerance of some activated sludge systems to shock loadings by various inorganic ions and metals is reviewed. The conclusions are of particular importance for estimating the performance of biox systems handling industrial effluents which are likely to contain toxic components of inorganic or metallic nature.

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Influence of Physicochemical Characteristics of Bean Crop Soil in Trichoderma spp. Development

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11020274 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 274

Author(s):

Sara Mayo-Prieto ◽

Alejandra J. Porteous-Álvarez ◽

Sergio Mezquita-García ◽

Álvaro Rodríguez-González ◽

Guzmán Carro-Huerga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Sandy Loam ◽

C:N Ratio ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Soil Parameters ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Silt Loam ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Trichoderma Spp ◽

Trichoderma Species

Spain has ranked 6th on the harvested bean area and 8th in bean production in the European Union (EU). The soils of this area have mixed silt loam and sandy loam texture, with moderate clay content, neutral or acidic pH, rich in organic matter and low carbonate levels, providing beans with high water absorption capacity and better organoleptic qualities after cooking. Similar to other crops, it is attacked by some phytopathogens. Hitherto, chemical methods have been used to control these organisms. However, with the Reform of the Community Agrarian Policy in the EU, the number of authorized plant protection products has been reduced to prevail food security, as well as to be sustainable in the long term, giving priority to the non-chemical methods that use biological agents, such as Trichoderma. This study aimed to investigate the relative importance of various crop soil parameters in the adaptation of Trichoderma spp. autoclaved soils (AS) and natural soils (NS) from the Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) “Alubia La Bañeza—León” that were inoculated with Trichoderma velutinum T029 and T. harzianum T059 and incubated in a culture chamber at 25 °C for 15 days. Their development was determined by quantitative PCR. Twelve soil samples were selected and analyzed from the productive zones of Astorga, La Bañeza, La Cabrera, Esla-Campos and Páramo. Their physicochemical characteristics were different by zone, as the texture of soils ranged between sandy loam and silt loam and the pH between strongly acid and slightly alkaline, as well as the organic matter (OM) concentration between low and remarkably high. Total C and N concentrations and their ratio were between medium and high in most of the soils and the rest of the micronutrients had an acceptable concentration except for Paramo’s soil. Both Trichoderma species developed better in AS than in NS, T. velutinum T029 grew better with high levels of OM, total C, ratio C:N, P, K, Fe, and Zn than T. harzianum T059 in clay soils, with the highest values of cation exchange capacity (CEC), pH, Ca, Mg and Mn. These effects were validated by Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), texture, particularly clay concentration, OM, electrical conductivity (EC), and pH (physical parameters) and B and Cu (soil elements) are the main factors explaining the influence in the Trichoderma development. OM, EC, C:N ratio and Cu are the main soil characteristics that influence in T. velutinum T029 development and pH in the development of T. harzianum T059.

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Enzyme-Loaded Flower-Shaped Nanomaterials: A Versatile Platform with Biosensing, Biocatalytic, and Environmental Promise

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11061460 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 1460

Author(s):

Khadega A. Al-Maqdi ◽

Muhammad Bilal ◽

Ahmed Alzamly ◽

Hafiz M. N. Iqbal ◽

Iltaf Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Critical Points ◽

Structural Integrity ◽

Early Stage ◽

Surface Orientation ◽

Critical Factors ◽

Inorganic Hybrid ◽

Iron Based ◽

Significant Attention

As a result of their unique structural and multifunctional characteristics, organic–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers (hNFs), a newly developed class of flower-like, well-structured and well-oriented materials has gained significant attention. The structural attributes along with the surface-engineered functional entities of hNFs, e.g., their size, shape, surface orientation, structural integrity, stability under reactive environments, enzyme stabilizing capability, and organic–inorganic ratio, all significantly contribute to and determine their applications. Although hNFs are still in their infancy and in the early stage of robust development, the recent hike in biotechnology at large and nanotechnology in particular is making hNFs a versatile platform for constructing enzyme-loaded/immobilized structures for different applications. For instance, detection- and sensing-based applications, environmental- and sustainability-based applications, and biocatalytic and biotransformation applications are of supreme interest. Considering the above points, herein we reviewed current advances in multifunctional hNFs, with particular emphasis on (1) critical factors, (2) different metal/non-metal-based synthesizing processes (i.e., (i) copper-based hNFs, (ii) calcium-based hNFs, (iii) manganese-based hNFs, (iv) zinc-based hNFs, (v) cobalt-based hNFs, (vi) iron-based hNFs, (vii) multi-metal-based hNFs, and (viii) non-metal-based hNFs), and (3) their applications. Moreover, the interfacial mechanism involved in hNF development is also discussed considering the following three critical points: (1) the combination of metal ions and organic matter, (2) petal formation, and (3) the generation of hNFs. In summary, the literature given herein could be used to engineer hNFs for multipurpose applications in the biosensing, biocatalysis, and other environmental sectors.

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