scholarly journals Improvement of Log Reduction Values Design Equations for Helminth Egg Management in Recycled Water

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 3149
Author(s):  
Daryl P. Stevens ◽  
Vivek Daniel ◽  
Esmaeil Shahsavari ◽  
Arturo Aburto-Medina ◽  
Sarvesh K. Soni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Guideline Value

Understanding and managing the risk posed by helminth eggs (HE) is a key concern for wastewater engineers and public health regulators. The treatment processes that produce recycled water from sewage at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) rely on achieving a defined log10 reduction value (LRV) in HE concentration during the production of recycled water from sewage to achieve the guideline concentration of ≤1.0 HE/L. The total concentration of HE in sewage reaches thousands of HE/L in developing countries and therefore, an LRV of 4.0 is generally accepted to achieve a safe concentration in recycled water, as this will meet the guideline value. However, in many developed countries with good sanitation and public health standards, the HE concentration in sewage is generally <10 HE/L. Therefore, validation of the sewage treatment process relied on to achieve an LRV of 4.0 can be difficult. Because of these limitations, design equations to predict LRVs from hydraulic retention times (HRT), which are geographically non-specific, are commonly relied on to ensure the production of safe quality recycled water with respect to HE. However, these design equations could be further refined by defining the design and management of the treatment process in greater detail and thus be used more effectively for determining the LRV required. This paper discusses the limitations and possible improvements that could be applied to LRV design equations for predicting HE removal at WWTPs and identifies the data requirements to support these improvements. Several options for LRV design equations are proposed that could be validated experimentally or via the ongoing operation of WWTPs. These improvements have the potential to assist the rationalization of the HE removal requirements for specific treatment options, exposure scenarios and use of recycled water in agriculture.

PFAS in biosolids: A review of international regulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Hilary Hall ◽  
Damien Moodie ◽  
Catherine Vero
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Upper Limits ◽  
International Regulations ◽  
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are incredibly useful additives, often providing excellent surface tension-lowering properties to a material. Due to the extensive use of PFAS in daily life in developed countries, PFAS invariably collects in municipal wastewater. Without targeted removal of PFAS at wastewater treatment plants, PFAS can move through the treatment process into both the recycled water and biosolids. The presence of PFAS in biosolids poses a potential challenging problem to society for many reasons. A small number of countries have cautiously started, or have at least considered, limiting the concentration of PFAS permitted in biosolids that are to be used for land application. Our review covers the current limits on PFAS concentrations in Australian biosolids, along with the latest developments in international regulations. We found that only Maine, USA, has set upper limits of PFAS for “beneficial use of solid wastes”. Denmark, Germany, The Netherlands, Sweden and Australia have set PFAS limits in soils. No other countries were found to have PFAS limits relating to biosolids or their use; however, this also reflects the lack of industrialisation and centralised wastewater management in many parts of the world.

Steroid oestrogens in the environment: an Australian perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 2317-2329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Sutcliffe ◽  
Bradley O. Clarke ◽  
Oliver A. H. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Risk Assessment Models ◽  
New Novel ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) have been in the scientific spotlight since the 1980s. However, there has been much less research reported in Australia than in other developed countries and little information is known about how these compounds interact with native Australian species compared to European and North American fauna. This is of concern because Australia has distinct wildlife and environments that face increasing intensity and frequency of extreme, climatic events compared to northern hemisphere countries. Since oestrogenic compounds cannot be prevented from entering wastewater their management and removal must occur at wastewater treatment plants. Biological treatment is the most effective tool in this regard; however the financial and environmental costs must be balanced with the environmental benefit to effectively plan treatment options. Since standard risk assessment models and procedures developed internationally are unlikely to translate well to Australian ecosystems, new, novel and localised research on both the monitoring and assessment of EDCs in Australian wastewater and receiving aquatic environments is recommended. This includes the development of relevant bioassays and application of treatment technologies that reflect the local community and climate.

scholarly journals Two different purification systems at Istanbul-Tuzla and Adana-Kozan, their characterizations

2017 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 2607-2614
Author(s):  
Abdullah Yinanç
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Purification System ◽  
Wastewater Collection

In most developed countries, wastewater treatment plants are presently utilizing efficient purification technology meeting the sufficiency requirements of quality and quantity. However, in developing countries, the number of wastewater treatment plants is limited. As a result, the establishment of a connection between the wastewater collection system and wastewater purification plants is increasingly becoming a top priority for researchers. The aim of this article is to analyze wastewater collection and purification systems and establish the links between these two processes. In the present study, the efficiency of the present purification system at the Istanbul-Tuzla and Adana-Kozan plants was investigated with the aim of enhancing their performance. The findings pertaining to the model sewage system revealed a decrease in NH3-N by 20–70%, total nitrogen (T-N) by 25–75%, biological oxygen demand (BOD5) by 50–60%, chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 35–55% and suspended solids (SS) by 55–85%. As a result of studies performed in the Tuzla sewage treatment system, we can confirm that T-N decreased by 50–75%, suspended solid particles by 24–57%, and BOD5 by 34–57%, while 35–55% of COD was removed. Similarly, in the canal exit at Kоzan, BOD5 decreased by 40–55%, COD by 30–50%, SS by 25–45% and T-N by 5–40%.

scholarly journals Giardia Cysts in Wastewater Treatment Plants in Italy

2003 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 3393-3398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone M. Cacci� ◽  
Marzia De Giacomo ◽  
Francesca A. Aulicino ◽  
Edoardo Pozio
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Recycled Water ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Autumn And Winter

ABSTRACT Reductions in annual rainfall in some regions and increased human consumption have caused a shortage of water resources at the global level. The recycling of treated wastewaters has been suggested for certain domestic, industrial, and agricultural activities. The importance of microbiological and parasitological criteria for recycled water has been repeatedly emphasized. Among water-borne pathogens, protozoa of the genera Giardia and Cryptosporidium are known to be highly resistant to water treatment procedures and to cause outbreaks through contaminated raw or treated water. We conducted an investigation in four wastewater treatment plants in Italy by sampling wastewater at each stage of the treatment process over the course of 1 year. The presence of the parasites was assessed by immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. While Cryptosporidium oocysts were rarely observed, Giardia cysts were detected in all samples throughout the year, with peaks observed in autumn and winter. The overall removal efficiency of cysts in the treatment plants ranged from 87.0 to 98.4%. The removal efficiency in the number of cysts was significantly higher when the secondary treatment consisted of active oxidation with O2 and sedimentation instead of activated sludge and sedimentation (94.5% versus 72.1 to 88.0%; P = 0.05, analysis of variance). To characterize the cysts at the molecular level, the β-giardin gene was PCR amplified, and the products were sequenced or analyzed by restriction. Cysts were typed as assemblage A or B, both of which are human pathogens, stressing the potential risk associated with the reuse of wastewater.

Carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen and bezafibrate - investigations on the behaviour of selected pharmaceuticals during wastewater treatment

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 269-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Strenn ◽  
M. Clara ◽  
O. Gans ◽  
N. Kreuzinger
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Pharmaceutically Active Compounds ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process

Numerous investigations in different European countries observed various pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in notable concentrations in the aquatic environment. Further determinations found the effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs) to be significant sources for the entry of pharmaceutical residuals to rivers, streams and surface waters. Due to those pathways the knowledge about the elimination of these substances and their behaviour in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) is elementary for protection of an intact aquatic environment. Since the sludge retention time (SRT) is the most important parameter for the design of STPs, its influence on the reduction rate of these PhACs in the wastewater treatment process was investigated. To study this influence of the SRT on the elimination of PhACs, lab scale plants have been operated with different sludge retention times. The results of the laboratory experiments have been validated analysing various STPs within a wide capacity range and operating at different SRTs. This report describes the determinations observed on the antiepileptic drug Carbamazepine, the two antiphlogistics and analgesics Diclofenac and Ibuprofen and the lipid regulator Bezafibrate.

An Engineering Example of Technological Transformation about Wastewater Treatment Plant

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2324-2327
Author(s):  
Jun Feng Wu ◽  
Hua Shu Ouyang ◽  
Xian Li Wang
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Municipal Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process

To alleviate the water pollution, the original wastewater treatment process was transformed based on the existing structures. Anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic process (A2/O process) was used as the main process, instead of the original two-stage aeration process (AB process). Pretreatment process and advanced treatment process were strengthened. After transformation, the effluent quality could meet the first class of A standard of the "municipal wastewater treatment plant emission standards" (GB18918-2002) and all the quality indexes of the treated water met the requirements of discharge standard of sewage treatment. The original structures were fully used in this transformation, saving investment, which provided a practical reference for the transformation of the wastewater treatment plants.

Analysis and balance of phosphorous removal from wastewater at urban wastewater treatment plant

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-151
Author(s):  
Peter Lukac ◽  
Lubos Jurik
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Recovery ◽  
Anaerobic Sludge ◽  
Biological Phosphorus Removal ◽  
The Mean

Abstract:Phosphorus is a major substance that is needed especially for agricultural production or for the industry. At the same time it is an important component of wastewater. At present, the waste management priority is recycling and this requirement is also transferred to wastewater treatment plants. Substances in wastewater can be recovered and utilized. In Europe (in Germany and Austria already legally binding), access to phosphorus-containing sewage treatment is changing. This paper dealt with the issue of phosphorus on the sewage treatment plant in Nitra. There are several industrial areas in Nitra where record major producers in phosphorus production in sewage. The new wastewater treatment plant is built as a mechanicalbiological wastewater treatment plant with simultaneous nitrification and denitrification, sludge regeneration, an anaerobic zone for biological phosphorus removal at the beginning of the process and chemical phosphorus precipitation. The sludge management is anaerobic sludge stabilization with heating and mechanical dewatering of stabilized sludge and gas management. The aim of the work was to document the phosphorus balance in all parts of the wastewater treatment plant - from the inflow of raw water to the outflow of purified water and the production of excess sludge. Balancing quantities in the wastewater treatment plant treatment processes provide information where efficient phosphorus recovery could be possible. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. The mean daily value of P tot is approximately 122.3 kg/day of these two sources. There are also two outflows - drainage of cleaned water to the recipient - the river Nitra - 9.9 kg Ptot/day and Ptot content in sewage sludge - about 120.3 kg Ptot/day - total 130.2 kg Ptot/day.

Treatment and Quality of Sewage Sludge in Germany - Results of a Survey

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Meda ◽  
C. Schaum ◽  
M. Wagner ◽  
P. Cornel ◽  
A. Durth
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Sludge Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge Treatment ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
German Association ◽  
Entire Treatment

TIn 2004, the German Association for Wastewater, Water and Waste (DWA) carried out a survey about the current status of sewage sludge treatment and disposal in Germany. The study covered about one third of the wastewater treatment plants and about two thirds of the entire treatment capacity (expressed in population equivalents) in Germany. This provides an up-to-date and representative database. The paper presents the most important results regarding sludge treatment, process engineering, current disposal paths and sewage sludge quality.

Danish Experience with Emergent Hydrophyte Treatment Systems (EHTS) and Prospects in the Light of Future Requirements on Outlet Water Quality

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-H. Schierup ◽  
H. Brix
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Reed Beds ◽  
Effluent Quality ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Stage System

Since 1983 approximately 150 full-scale emergent hydrophyte based wastewater treatment plants (reed beds) have been constructed in Denmark to serve small wastewater producers. The development of purification performance for 21 plants representing different soil types, vegetation, and hydraulic loading rates has been recorded. Cleaning efficiencies were typically in the range of 60-80% reduction for BOD, 25-50% reduction for total nitrogen, and 20-40% reduction for total phosphorus. The mean effluent BOD, total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations of the reed beds were 19 ± 10, 22 ± 9 and 6.7 ± 3.2 mg/l (mean ± SD), respectively. Thus, the general Danish effluent standards of 8 mg/l for N and 1.5 mg/l for P for sewage plants greater than 5,000 PE cannot be met by the present realised design of EHTS. The main problem observed in most systems is a poor development of horizontal hydraulic conductivity in the soil which results in surface run-off. Since the political demands for effluent quality will be more strict in the future, it is important to improve the performance of small decentral sewage treatment plants. On the basis of experiences from different types of macrophyte based and conventional low-technology wastewater treatment systems, a multi-stage system is suggested, consisting of sedimentation and sand filtration facilities followed by basins planted with emergent and submergent species of macrophytes and algal ponds.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document