scholarly journals The millimeter frequency range as a perspective for 5G networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 161-170
Author(s):  
Rosen Pasarelski
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Spectrum Sharing ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
4G Cellular Networks

The currently widely used 4G cellular networks face many challenges. The growing demand for high-resolution mobile multimedia applications is bringing these networks to their practical limits. 5G networks, the next generation of wireless communications, are standardized to ease the burden on current infrastructure by offering significantly higher data rates through increased channel bandwidth. Given the lack of accessible frequencies traditionally used for mobile communications, millimeter bandwidths (mmWave) are quite a challenging alternative. This technology is a cornerstone of upcoming 5G networks, allowing faster data speeds and much higher bandwidth than ever before, but not every 5G network will necessarily use this frequency band, at least not all the time. As with any new technology, there are unavoidable problems that need to be overcome. The purpose of the research and analysis in this article is to systematize issues and solutions related to the potential problems of spectrum sharing in mmWave frequency range, its suitability for long-distance communications, indoors, in bad weather conditions, as well as biological aspects, and relevant conclusions have been done to meet these challenges.

Technological Trends for 5G Networks Influence of E-Health and IoT Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 876-900
Author(s):  
Jose Marcos C. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Communications Networks ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Standardization Process ◽  
New Applications ◽  
New Generation

The fifth generation of mobile communications networks (5G) is currently in the standardization process, which is expected to be completed in 2020. For this new generation, new applications and scenarios are imposing new performance requirements in addition to higher data rates. Specifically, the Internet of Things (IoT) and e-health applications have very important economic roles in 5G networks and define particular performance requirements that must be considered when defining the technologies for 5G networks. In this paper, the author discusses the influence of e-health and IoT applications on the technological trends for 5G networks.

Technological Trends for 5G Networks Influence of E-Health and IoT Applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose Marcos C. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communications ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Communications Networks ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Standardization Process ◽  
New Applications ◽  
New Generation

The fifth generation of mobile communications networks (5G) is currently in the standardization process, which is expected to be completed in 2020. For this new generation, new applications and scenarios are imposing new performance requirements in addition to higher data rates. Specifically, the Internet of Things (IoT) and e-health applications have very important economic roles in 5G networks and define particular performance requirements that must be considered when defining the technologies for 5G networks. In this paper, the author discusses the influence of e-health and IoT applications on the technological trends for 5G networks.

CNN-based Rain Reduction in Street View Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
Simone Zini ◽  
Simone Bianco ◽  
Raimondo Schettini
Keyword(s):  
Character Recognition ◽  
Optical Character Recognition ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Optical Character ◽  
Street View ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Bad Weather ◽  
Detection And Recognition

Rain removal from pictures taken under bad weather conditions is a challenging task that aims to improve the overall quality and visibility of a scene. The enhanced images usually constitute the input for subsequent Computer Vision tasks such as detection and classification. In this paper, we present a Convolutional Neural Network, based on the Pix2Pix model, for rain streaks removal from images, with specific interest in evaluating the results of the processing operation with respect to the Optical Character Recognition (OCR) task. In particular, we present a way to generate a rainy version of the Street View Text Dataset (R-SVTD) for "text detection and recognition" evaluation in bad weather conditions. Experimental results on this dataset show that our model is able to outperform the state of the art in terms of two commonly used image quality metrics, and that it is capable to improve the performances of an OCR model to detect and recognise text in the wild.

scholarly journals Future Power Train Solutions for Long-Haul Trucks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2225
Author(s):  
Ralf Peters ◽  
Janos Lucian Breuer ◽  
Maximilian Decker ◽  
Thomas Grube ◽  
Martin Robinius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen

Achieving the CO2 reduction targets for 2050 requires extensive measures being undertaken in all sectors. In contrast to energy generation, the transport sector has not yet been able to achieve a substantive reduction in CO2 emissions. Measures for the ever more pressing reduction in CO2 emissions from transportation include the increased use of electric vehicles powered by batteries or fuel cells. The use of fuel cells requires the production of hydrogen and the establishment of a corresponding hydrogen production system and associated infrastructure. Synthetic fuels made using carbon dioxide and sustainably-produced hydrogen can be used in the existing infrastructure and will reach the extant vehicle fleet in the medium term. All three options require a major expansion of the generation capacities for renewable electricity. Moreover, various options for road freight transport with light duty vehicles (LDVs) and heavy duty vehicles (HDVs) are analyzed and compared. In addition to efficiency throughout the entire value chain, well-to-wheel efficiency and also other aspects play an important role in this comparison. These include: (a) the possibility of large-scale energy storage in the sense of so-called ‘sector coupling’, which is offered only by hydrogen and synthetic energy sources; (b) the use of the existing fueling station infrastructure and the applicability of the new technology on the existing fleet; (c) fulfilling the power and range requirements of the long-distance road transport.

scholarly journals Propagation Channel Measurements in the mm- and Sub-mm Wave Range for Different Indoor Communication Scenarios

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-370
Author(s):  
M. A. Salhi ◽  
T. Kleine-Ostmann ◽  
T. Schrader
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Wireless Communication Systems ◽  
Electromagnetic Spectrum ◽  
Channel Measurements ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Propagation Channel ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Indoor Wireless ◽  
Wave Range

AbstractIncreasing data rates in wireless communications are accompanied with the need for new unoccupied and unregulated bandwidth in the electromagnetic spectrum. Higher carrier frequencies in the lower THz frequency range might offer the solution for future indoor wireless communication systems with data rates of 100 Gbit/s and beyond that cannot be located elsewhere. In this review, we discuss propagation channel measurements in an extremely broad frequency range from 50 to 325 GHz in selected indoor communication scenarios including kiosk downloading, office room communication, living rooms, and typical industrial environments.

scholarly journals Controlling Shipping Along the North European Trade Axis

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 553-556
Author(s):  
D. J. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Baltic Basin ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
European Trade ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
The Baltic

By the North European Trade Axis is meant the trade route from Ushant and Land's End, up the English Channel, through the Dover Strait fanning out to serve eastern England, the north coast of continental Europe and leading to the Baltic Basin. Recent events in this area have left a feeling that some form of tightening of control is not only desirable, but is rapidly becoming imperative. There is a basic conflict between the two forms of shipping using the area: the local users who use the area more or less constantly, and the long-distance traders, usually much larger, which arrive in the area for a brief stay after a prolonged period at sea, which has usually been in good weather conditions. Frequently these latter ships have a very poor notion of the hornet's nest into which they are steaming when they arrive. The net result is all too often the same: the local users, with familiarity breeding contempt, wander about as they see fit, with scant regard for routing or the regulations; all too often the big ships arrive from sea with navigating staffs who are too confused, sometimes too ignorant—and sometimes too terrified—to do much more than blunder forward in a straight line hoping for the best. Quite obviously this is not a total picture, and there are large numbers of ships which navigate perfectly competently, but the minority of those which do not seem to be rising rapidly, and show every sign of continuing to increase.

Weather effects on intrahabitat movements of the western green lizard, Lacerta bilineata (Daudin, 1802), at its northern distribution range border: a radio-tracking study

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1831-1839 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Sound ◽  
M Veith
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Distribution Range ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Northern Distribution ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Movement Parameters ◽  
Bad Weather

Daily activity patterns of male western green lizards, Lacerta bilineata (Daudin, 1802), at the edge of their northern distribution range in western Germany after the breeding season from June to October were recorded using implanted radio transmitters. Different activity indices discriminating between stimulation, duration, and length of movement were correlated with actual weather conditions (d0) and with weather conditions on the 2 previous days (d-1 and d-2). The lizards' dependence on weather showed two different phases throughout the study period. During the first period and in the period preceding a drastic change of weather in midsummer, weather had no significant influence on movement parameters. After that event, temperatures dropped and a strong dependence on weather of all movement parameters except those indicating displacements became apparent. Thresholds for 50% activity during this second phase were a maximum temperature of 17°C and a minimum humidity of 35%. Two days after periods of bad weather, the influence of weather conditions increased again. This can be explained by physiological deficits that require compensation during the period of marginal weather conditions prior to hibernation. Displacement movements were significantly longer than home-range movements and were neither triggered nor modulated by the weather. They must therefore represent activities such as patrolling territory boundaries.

Short-term scheduling problem in smart grid considering reliability improvement in bad weather conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2521-2533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Yousefi-khangah ◽  
Saeid Ghassemzadeh ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hosseini ◽  
Behnam Mohammadi-Ivatloo
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Scheduling Problem ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Reliability Improvement ◽  
Bad Weather

scholarly journals A Hybrid Approach to Call Admission Control in 5G Networks

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al-Maitah ◽  
Olena O. Semenova ◽  
Andriy O. Semenov ◽  
Pavel I. Kulakov ◽  
Volodymyr Yu. Kucheruk
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Admission Control ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Call Admission Control ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Call Admission

Artificial intelligence is employed for solving complex scientific, technical, and practical problems. Such artificial intelligence techniques as neural networks, fuzzy systems, and genetic and evolutionary algorithms are widely used for communication systems management, optimization, and prediction. Artificial intelligence approach provides optimized results in a challenging task of call admission control, handover, routing, and traffic prediction in cellular networks. 5G mobile communications are designed as heterogeneous networks, whose important requirement is accommodating great numbers of users and the quality of service satisfaction. Call admission control plays a significant role in providing the desired quality of service. An effective call admission control algorithm is needed for optimizing the cellular network system. Many call admission control schemes have been proposed. The paper proposes a methodology for developing a genetic neurofuzzy controller for call admission in 5G networks. Performance of the proposed admission control is evaluated through computer simulation.

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