The state of the respiratory system of students in conditions of high-altitude hypoxia

2022 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
V. A. Anzorov ◽  
◽  
Svetlana Vasilievna Moryakina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory System ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Female Students ◽  
The State ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Respiratory Capacity ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Middle Mountains

The article presents the results of studies on the influence of mountain hypoxia on the state of the students’ respiratory system. When exposed to oxygen deficiency, only the respiratory capacity of the lungs undergoes significant changes. For instance, the RC level in female students under the influence of hypoxia gradually increased in conditions of medium altitude, reaching the maximum value of 0.64 liters (P ˂ 0.05), and on the plain - 0.44 liters. The RC value in young men reached the highest value of 0.74 liters in mid-altitude conditions, and on the plains, it constitutes 0.56 liters. The highest respiration rate for young men of 18.2 movements per minute was noted at an altitude of 600 meters, and the lowest - 17.4 at an altitude of 170 m. The maximum level of respiratory capacity while inhaling in girls is 1.24 liters, detected at an altitude of 600 meters, and the minimum level of 1.18 liters is noted at 170 m. The value of respiratory capacity while exhaling among young men living in the Sharoi region increased to 2.32 liters, and for those from Grozny - 2.24 liters. The highest VC level in girls - 3.87 liters - was found in the middle mountains, and on the plains, it was 3.58 liters. The VC value in young men, gradually increasing, reaches the highest value under the conditions of the Sharoi region - 4.57 liters, and in Grozny it was 4.28.

Slavery and Ransom

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Smiley
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
Late Eighteenth ◽  
The Law

This chapter explores captives’ fates after their capture, all along the Ottoman land and maritime frontiers, arguing that this was largely determined by individuals’ value for ransom or sale. First this was a matter of localized customary law; then it became a matter of inter-imperial rules, the “Law of Ransom.” The chapter discusses the nature of slavery in the Ottoman Empire, emphasizing the role of elite households, and the varying prices for captives based on their individual characteristics. It shows that the Ottoman state participated in ransoming, buying, exploiting, and sometimes selling both female and male captives. The state particularly needed young men to row on its galleys, but this changed in the late eighteenth century as the fleet moved from oars to sails. The chapter then turns to ransom, showing that a captive’s ability to be ransomed, and value, depended on a variety of individualized factors.

scholarly journals Occurrence of aflatoxins in peanuts and peanut products consumed in the State of São Paulo/Brazil from 1995 to 1997

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrna Sabino ◽  
Thais Valéria Milanez ◽  
Leda Conceição Antonia Lamardo ◽  
Emiko Ikejiri Inomata ◽  
Maria Ângela Pompeu Zorzetto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peanut Butter ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Inspection Service

One hundred and thirty seven samples of peanuts and peanut containing foods were collected in markets in the State of São Paulo, Brazil, between January 1995 an December 1997. Most of the samples were collected by the Inspection Service of São Paulo Secretary of Health. The foods included raw peanuts, peanut candies ("paçoca" and "pé de moleque"), peanut butter, fried/roasted salted peanuts, "torrone", chocolate coated peanuts and salt-coated peanuts. The samples were analyzed for aflatoxins using a thin-layer chromatographic method. About 45% of the samples were positive for aflatoxins and 27% exceeded the limits of the Brazilian legislation (30.0 µg.kg-1 for aflatoxins B1+G1). The aflatoxins were confirmed by derivatization with trifluoroacetic acid. The 90th percentile was 110.0 in 1995, 60.0 in 1996 and 118.0 µg.kg-1 in 1997. The aflatoxins concentration in the raw peanut samples ranged from 5.0 to 382.0 µg.kg-1 and 27.1% were above the legal limits. Contamination in peanut candies was above the limit in 32.8% of the samples and the aflatoxins levels ranged from 6.0 to 494.0 µg.kg-1. Contamination of salty peanuts was less frequent, around 10% of the samples and the toxin levels were usually below 10 µg.kg-1. The maximum level of contamination, 536.0 µg.kg-1, was found in a sample of peanut with a salty coat ("amendoim japonês"). Results of previous studies in peanuts and peanut products in the city of São Paulo from 1980-1987 had 68.75% of the samples with levels greater than the limit 30.0 µg.kg-1 and the 90th percentile ranged from 42.0 to 333.0 µg.kg-1. In 1994, 36.0% of the samples showed results above the limit and the 90th percentile was 489 µg.kg-1. The results show that aflatoxins contamination in peanuts is decreasing but it is still a serious problem in Brazil, a country where the climate, the agricultural practices and storage conditions favour fungal growth.

scholarly journals Xerodrymionorientale mediterraneum gorges of the Karatag river

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00022
Author(s):  
Sayfiddin Khairiddin Davlatov ◽  
Rakhmatullo Boboevich Sattorov ◽  
Jamoliddin Murotalievich Bobokalonov
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Field Research ◽  
The State ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
Wild Fruit ◽  
Middle Mountains ◽  
First Time

The Karatag gorge is one of the natural areas where valuable genetic resources (wild, fruit and many valuable species) are preserved. A characteristic feature of the region is the richness of the diversity of flora and vegetation, where the main formations of Tajik vegetation are noted (maple, hazel, almond, frame, juniper). The article summarizes the results of the authors’ field research on the study of the state of xerophilic forests in the Karatag gorge. For the first time, the authors cite original materials on the phytocenology of all formations of this type of composition. According to the results of our research, the Shibleak communities in the study area are distributed in high-altitude belts from low-hilly 600–800 m to middle mountains 800–1800, 2000 m. The main formations of this type in the study area are: Acer regelii, Crataegus pontica, Celtis caucasic, Pistacia vera, Amygdalis bucharica, Ampelopsis vitifolia, Atraphaxis pyrifolia. As a result of the study, 340 plant species, 6 formations and more than 25 vegetation associations were identified in the composition of the flora of this type of the study area.

scholarly journals Lifestyle of Students Studying in the Specialty «Nursing»

2017 ◽  
pp. 131-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Semenova ◽  
Romana Sirenko ◽  
Maryana Ripak ◽  
Liubov Chekhovska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Female Students ◽  
After School ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
The Future ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
Medical Colleges

The article analyzes the lifestyle of students studying in the specialty «Nursing». Among students of medical colleges there was conducted a survey, which was attended by young men (n = 10) and women (n = 106), aged 15 to 21 years. The study revealed a small number of students who smoke cigarettes, but alcohol and low alcoholic drinks were consumed by about 73 % of female students, of which 28 people were underage. There was discovered low physical activity among students after school - 107,08 ± 14,9 min. per week, which is about 15 minutes. for a day. It is already stated, that the lifestyle of students studying with a speciality called «Medical care» needs a constant and purposeful forming during the whole learning period.The realizing of the importance of health preservation for patients and first of all for yourself the change of students attitude according to the lifestyle and forming of the value relation to own health – all of it will promote a success full realization of social and professional functions of the future nurses.

scholarly journals THE SUITABILITY OF SEAWATER ON CONCRETING IN THE NIGER – DELTA ZONE

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-48
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Mathematical Theory ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cement Content ◽  
Suitable Condition ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Factorial Regression

This study was carried out in order to determine the suitability or otherwise of seawater for concreting. The study was carried out using the Box-Wilson symmetric composite plan B3, comprising 15 experimental points with 3 levels of treatment each. In accordance with the principle of the mathematical theory of experiment, multi-factorial regression models were evolved. The cement content at maximum level[x1 (+), water content at the minimum level [x2 (-)] and retarding admixture at minimum level of treatment [x3(-)] proved to be the most suitable condition for concreting. The result as follows were; Concrete slump: 60mm, Concrete density: 2450g/cm3, Concrete compressive strength: 22.56N/mm2, 26.65N/mm2 and 30.09N/mm2 for 7days, 14days and 28 days, respectively.

University Students and Recreation in the Covid-19 Process: Metaphor Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1557-1561
Author(s):  
Aytekin Hamdi Başkan ◽  
Asiye Hande Başkan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Medical Studies ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Outdoor Environments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Village

Background: Covid-19 pandemic disease, which affects the world, causes serious mortality rates. In addition to medical studies worldwide, various restriction rules have also been developed by countries in order to slow the pace of the pandemic and achieve normal living conditions. In order to reduce the sorrowful consequences of the pandemic process, home quarantines were decided and although social distance rules were applied in outdoor environments, hygiene conditions were tried to be increased at the maximum level and education was suspended for an indefinite period. A total of 39 students participated in this study, which aims to examine the recreation perceptions of sports science students in the Covid-19 process through metaphors. Aim: To analyze the situation of recreation activities in the covid-19 process through literature review, data analysis, and observations. Methods: Qualitative research method was used in this study. In this regard, our study was conducted using a (phenomenological) pattern, which is one of the qualitative research methods. Results: When Table 1 is examined, it is seen that the participants of the study consisted of 9 (23.1%) female students and 30 (76.9%) male students. The majority are around 21 (38.5%) and 22 (35.9) years old, the mean age of the total participant is 21. Only 1 (2.6%) person was infected with the Covid-19 virus, and the rest of 38 (97.4%) people were not infected. 2 (5.1%) of the participants reside in the village, 13 (33.3) in the district, and 24 (61.5) in the province. The situation of doing sports actively, on the other hand, 24 (61.5) people are doing sports actively, 15 (38.5) people are not doing sports actively. Conclusion: When the research results were examined, it was concluded that the participant students were exposed to various negative psychological situations such as their anxiety and stress levels increased, they became intolerant of uncertainty as their recreational activities stopped during the Covid-19 period. Keywords: Covid-19, recreation, metaphor

Analysis of IT Governance on Spanish Organizations

2010 ◽  
pp. 439-455
Author(s):  
Alberto J. Arroyo ◽  
José D. Carrillo Verdún
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
It Governance ◽  
The State ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
The Status

Corporate governance is a key element today in organizations and companies. IT Governance, as a part of corporate governance, plays its role in aligning IT with the business and obtaining the maximum value, minimizing the risks. Several frameworks and guidelines have been published in order to set the basis for this discipline. The recent release of the ISO 38500 (ISO 2008) ads an effort to standardize the different elements of IT governance. Despite these efforts, none of the different frameworks or guidelines is focused on the specific characteristics of small and medium companies (SMOs), although the authors consider that their conclusions are universal. Furthermore, there is no research so far that analyzed the status of IT governance in Spanish organizations. The aim of this work is to do a research to identify the state of the art of IT governance in the Spanish small and medium organizations.

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