Clothing of the medieval peasant: from everyday functionality to the definition of class affiliation. To the discussion about the origin of fashion

2021 ◽  
pp. 461-467
Author(s):  
Viktoriya Stanislavovna Sapozhnikova
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Traditional Society ◽  
Democratic Culture ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fashion Theory ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of

The article shows that there are a number of contradictory points of view on the question of the time and factors of the origin of the fashion. In fashion theory, there are a number of well-established concepts regarding the question of the origin of fashion. According to the first point of view, fashion originated at the dawn of the capitalist era, and it is directly related to the processes of trade, urbanization, the increase in the number of cities and the emergence of a mass democratic culture that formed certain attitudes, including fashion. According to another view, fashion successfully developed within the framework of traditional society, within the boundaries of palace culture, among the aristocracy and the nobility. There is also the third opinion, according to which fashion is identified with clothing in general, which allows talking about its origin at the dawn of the formation of humanity. The article argues that fashion could not have arisen in traditional society, especially in the peasant environment, which allows speaking of its origin only within the framework of industrialism.

scholarly journals The assessment of shadow economy in Lithuania

2014 ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Emilija Narbuntaitė ◽  
Agnė Ramanauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Shadow Economy ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
The Third ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Complex Phenomena

In the scientific literature the shadow economy is defined as complex phenomena. The existence of it is determined by various causes and factors and the main purpose of this paper is to describe the meaning of shadow economy and estimate the size of it in Lithuania. The main tasks of this paper are to analyse the main conception of shadow economy, to present alternative methodologies for measuring the shadow economy, to analyse the level of shadow economy in Lithuania and disclose the main causes of it. The first part of the paper analyses the main conception of shadow economy. There are various points of view describing the definition of shadow economy and it depends on the main point of research. In this paper it is used the economical point of view. The second part of the paper presents the alternative methodologies for measuring shadow economy. There are various methods assigned to direct, indirect and factorial groups. Finally, in the third part of the paper it is presented the results of other authors’ researches of Lithuanian shadow economy. According to them, the rate of Lithuanian shadow economy fluctuates between 17-33.8% of gross domestic product. The most important Lithuanian shadow economy causes are too big tax burden, gaps in legislation, distrust and dissatisfaction of government.  

The Limit Situation And The Narrative Of War (On The Material Of The Novel “My Lieutenant” By Daniil Granin)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
Anatoly S. Kuprin ◽  
Galina I. Danilina
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Continuous Limit ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Term Limit ◽  
Abstract Author ◽  
The Third ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of this study is the analysis of limit situation in the narrative of war. The material of the study is the novel of Daniil Granin “My Lieutenant” and related texts. In the first part of the paper, the authors explore existing approaches to the term “limit situation” and similar concepts into scientific and philosophical traditions; limits of its applicability in literary studies and its relation to the categories of “narrative instances” and “event”. Proposed a literary-theoretical definition of the limit situation, which can be used in the analysis of fiction texts. Existing approaches to the examination of the situation of war are analyzed: philosophical-existential, psychoanalytic, sociological, literary. In the second part of the paper, the authors propose their method for analyzing limit situations in texts about war, which basis on existing approaches and preserves the text-centric principle of studying the structure of the story. Two interrelated areas of research have been identified: the study of war as a continuous limit situation in the intertextual aspect (the discourse of war); the study of limit situations (death, suffering, guilt, accident) in the narrative of war as part of a specific text. In the third part of the scientific work,the analysis of war as a continuous limit situation results in the study of the concept of “limit” (border) in a fiction text. The role of “limit” (border) concept in the texts about the war is studied, the possible types of limits in the discourse of war are examined. Limit situations in the narrative of war are analyzed on the basis of the novel “My Lieutenant” by Daniil Granin. A review of journalistic and scientific works about the novel revealed both the continuity and the differences between the novel and the “lieutenant” prose of the 20th century. An analysis of the limit situations in the novel revealed their key position in the narrative. These situations are independent of the fiction time, of the fluctuation of the point of view’; the function of the abstract author is to build the narrative as a “directive” immersion of the hero and narrator in these situations.

THE CONCEPT AS THE OBJECT OF STUDY OF LINGUISTICS

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242
Author(s):  
K. Galiyeva ◽  
◽  
S. Isakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Subject Areas ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Object Of Study ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon ◽  
Scientific Fields

The article is devoted to the definition of concept in modern linguistics. Various points of view and definitions of the basic concepts are considered: "concept", "conceptual sphere", "content". The aim of the article is to describe and explain such a complex unit as a concept from the point of view of linguistics. The object of research is studied in its various manifestations, the combination of verbal and nonverbal means of information expression in the conceptual sphere is revealed. the relevance of this topic is due to the need for a detailed consideration of the concept of concept based on the works of prominent scientists and linguists. Researchers treat the concept as a cognitive, psycholinguistic, linguocultural, cultural and linguistic phenomenon. The concept is an umbrella term because it "covers" the subject areas of several scientific fields: primarily cognitive psychology and cognitive linguistics.

scholarly journals Forms of applıcatıon of algorıthms ın school mathematıcs teachıng

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2 (135)) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Kamala Yunis
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Computer Technology ◽  
Mathematics Teaching ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theoretical Structure ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Integrated Mathematics

As for the qualitative definition of the theoretical structure of the concept of algorithm, obtained by building a system of its study on the basis of component analysis in the article, it should be completed by studying the types of algorithmic processes. Three common types of such processes (linear, branching and recursive) play a slightly different role here. The first two types are somewhat simple, as we tried to show in Example 1, it would be natural to use them in the study of the components of the algorithm. Recursive processes can be applied to the play of already separated concepts. There are plenty of examples in various sections of Algebra, such as the "sequences" section, in particular. Finding the approximate value of an expression using the Heron formula can be a good example of recursive processes. The purpose of the research is to develop a methodological system that identifies opportunities to improve the quality of integrated mathematics teaching in V-IX grades and connect it with computer technology as well as identifies ways to apply it in the learning process. Textbooks often show the performance of a particular action on a few specific examples. We come across different situations here. Sometimes the rule is stated after the solution of the work, and sometimes the work is considered after the expression of the rule. The third case is possible, there is no definition of the rule in the textbook, but specific examples of the application of the formed algorithm are considered. This is quite common in school textbooks, especially when considering complex algorithms. In such cases, it is accepted to call the solutions of the studies as examples. The sample solution must meet certain requirements. Let's separate some of them from the point of view of the formed algorithm: the most characteristic cases of the considered type of problem should be considered; numerical data should be selected in such a way that the necessary calculations can be performed orally in order to draw students' attention to the sequence of elementary operations that make up the steps of the formed algorithm. If the problem-solving example meets these requirements, then the type of problem assigned to it can be considered as an algorithm for solving the problem. If, depending on the initial data, there are several fundamentally different cases of problem solving, it is necessary to consider examples of problem solving for each such case.

scholarly journals دلالة الباء التضمنية و المطابقية في آية الوضوء

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
جيران ، حمد علي هارب
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
The Third ◽  
The People ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

This research discusses the significance of the underlying and corresponding (B) in the verse of ablution .It consists of a preface , four chapters and a termination .Within the limits of the preface , it dealt with the clarification of the importance of the research .In the first chapter , it dealt with the definition of the underlying significance according to the jurists point of view , also the scientists, point of view who support the underlying significance and the people who agree with them , as well as the aspects of the Hanafia’s and the shafia's inference regarding the implication.   The research also deals with the definition of the corresponding significance according to the jurists' point of view as well as the scientists' point of view who support the correspondence of the (B) significance .These people are the Malikia and the Hanablah and the people who agree with them as well as the aspects of their inference in this issue .The third chapter tackles the more acceptable significance of the two discussed in the former chapters .The final one clarifies the impact of the difference between the underlying and the corresponding (B) according to the jurists' point of view .Finally the research is concluded by the most important deductions.

scholarly journals DEFICIENT OF THE STATE BUDGET OF UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
pp. 117-123
Author(s):  
H. V. Sydor ◽  
O. I. Tkachik
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Independent State ◽  
Monetary System ◽  
Internet Resources ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of

                Purpose. Investigation of essence of deficit of the State Budget from the point of view of existing approaches in economic science.         Methodology of research. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research is the scientific works of domestic and foreign authors on the research of the essence of the deficit of the State Budget of Ukraine, Internet resources. In the process of research used general and special methods, in particular: monographic – in the implementation of the literary review of the problem under study; systemic and structural analysis – in substantiating different approaches and different points of view before interpreting the essence of the State Budget deficit as a complex economic category.        Findings. Generalized theoretical developments of domestic and foreign scientists-economists on the interpretation of the «deficit of the State Budget». At the theoretical level, it has been proved that over the entire period of functioning of Ukraine as an independent state there was an excess of the expenditure part of the State Budget over its revenue. Traced causal relationships, which are important reasons for the appearance of a deficit of the State Budget in Ukraine. The research of those scientists considering the definition of «deficit of the State Budget» from positive and negative sides is considered. It was established that it would assess the financing of the position of the state and the country affecting the budget and tax policy of the balance of payments, the state of the monetary system and the internal order, which allows to identify the deficit of the State Budget.        Originality. It is suggested to trace causal relationships, which are important reasons for the occurrence of the deficit of the State Budget in Ukraine.        Practical value. The obtained research results are the basis for solving practical problems of the correct scientific approach to understanding this concept at the present stage.

Environmental security as an international legal category

2021 ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Valeriia Polych
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
International Communication ◽  
Environmental Security ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Main Body ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of

Problem setting. The problem of environmental security has gone beyond national borders and acquired a planetary character. If before the issue of ensuring the environmental security of countries was solely their internal affair, over time, state borders from an environmental point of view gradually lost their importance, became transparent. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The study of theoretical or some practical aspects of the legal nature of environmental safety were engaged in domestic and foreign scientists, among which are the works of: A.P. Hetman, H.V. Anisimova, G.I. Balyuk, S.A. Bogolyubova, M.M. Brinchuk, I.I. Karakash, T.G. Kovalchuk, V.V. Kostytsky and others. Target of research is to determine the essence and features of environmental safety as a legal category in terms of international law. Article’s main body. The article examines the definition of «environmental security» as a legal category. Its legal nature and its connection to international security are being established. In particular, environmental security as a legal category is considered from two points of view, as a certain state of protection of a person from threats caused by an thropogenic impact on natural objects, and as a system of legal instruments regulating the use of natural resources for their protection, as well as prevention and counteraction to threats that have a detrimental effect on the environment. Through the analysis of international legal acts, modern approaches of the international community to ensuring environmental security are determined. The international mechanism for environmental security is constantly evolving, it should be recognized that it is unfortunately not perfect and is not able to fully solve today's environmental problems, as well as to prevent an environmental catastrophe on a global scale. By concluding international agreements alone, it is impossible to ensure effective protection of all elements of the natural environment. Conclusions and prospects for the development. Therefore, it is important to consolidate the efforts of all participants in international communication in developing common approaches to solving this problem and actively using numerous international treaties and soft law instruments, best national practices, and involving civil society.

The Metaphysical Dimension of Dialogicity

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-91
Author(s):  
Slobodanka Vladiv-Glover
Keyword(s):  
Salient Feature ◽  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Stream Of Consciousness ◽  
Structural Dimension ◽  
The Unconscious ◽  
Unconscious Processes ◽  
The Gaze ◽  
The Third ◽  
Definition Of

In this essay, a theoretical connection is posited between the “third type” of word in Mikhail Bakhtin’s typology of discourse, and the phenomenological gaze as defined by Maurice Merleau-Ponty. Starting from an aesthetic definition of perception, originating in Charles Baudelaire’s “Salon” series on art, the essay goes on to claim that in Dostoevsky’s works, Bakhtin uncovered the representation of the process of perception, encapsulated in the representation of “the word” (slovo) as a function of the unconscious processes of language. In Dostoevsky’s poetics, this represented word is the word in the stream-of-consciousness of his fictional characters which defines the embedded narrative structure of the polyphonic novel. However, Dostoevsky’s dialogic word, as described by Bakhtin, is an on-stage embodiment of dialogicity in the communication situation. This dialogic word transcends the structural dimension of narrative. The point of view, which Bakhtin describes as the entire mental orientedness («цeльнaя дуxoвнaя уcтaнoвкa») of the speaker, belongs to the phenomenology of “the gaze,” which is outlined in aesthetics and poststructural (psychoanalytic) theory as the salient feature of representation in the art and literature of modernity.

Les fondements de la Rhétorique d'Aristote reconsidérés par Fārābi, ou le concept de point de vue immédiat et commun

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maroun Aouad
Keyword(s):  
Common Point ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Definition Of

The use of the immediate and common point of view (bādi' al-ra'y al-muštarak) is presented, in Arab philosophy, as characteristic of the rhetorical method. We will endeavour, in this article, to determine the importance, the significance and the origins of this concept in the works of Fārābī. The first part examines the concept's position in the structure of Kitāb where Fārābī, while following Rhet. I 2 (a veritable introduction to the discipline of oratory) tries to improve the structure of Aristotle's chapter around this concept, which is not in Aristotle. The concept is then defined in the second part. What is at issue is not the immediate point of view of an individual who might think of certain propositions as being universally accepted, when in fact they are not, but rather the point of view which is accepted without question by the majority. It relies on a kind of testimony (šahāda) rather than on the personal judgement of the auditor. It differs nevertheless from propositions which are really universally accepted because these can only be invalidated by an elite and not by any ordinary examination. In the third part, we will review those doctrines of Kitāb which depend on the concept of the immediate and common point of view, focusing in particular on the definition of enthymema. In the last part, we will investigate some philological and philosophical difficulties, such as the difference between rhetorical and dialectical premises, which constitute the background to the development of the concept.

scholarly journals SUBCOLL SUBCOLLOQUIAL MESURA AL MESURATIVE PHRASEOL TIVE PHRASEOLOGICAL UNI OGICAL UNITS IN THE S IN THE CULTURE OF THE PEOPLES OF THE WORLD

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Nodirjon Bakhromalievich Otaqulov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
World Culture ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
The World ◽  
Symbolic Meanings ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linguistic Material

Introduction. This article examines the use of subcolloquial mesurative phraseological units in the French, Uzbek and Russian languages from the point of view of reflecting in them the relationship between language and cultural semantics. Its purpose is to determine the similarities and differences between subcolloquial mesurative phraseological units, taking into account the main symbolic meanings of numbers in world culture. The article examines the subcolloquial mesurative units in French, Uzbek and Russian, their place in the linguistic picture of the world, as well as their use in proverbs, sayings and phraseological units. Various points of view of scientists-linguists are considered, in particular, that the category of time is a category of a wide heterogeonic plan and finds a peculiar reflection in the linguistic picture of the world. The questions of the use of the subcolloquial mesurative unit of time in lexical, phraseological units, as well as in proverbs and sayings in French, Uzbek and Russian are touched upon. The conclusions are supported by the factual linguistic material of the indicated languages. Materials and methods. The study used the methods of component and stylistic analysis within the framework of the linguistic picture of the world based on the system-structural paradigms. It is noted that subcolloquial mesurative phraseological units differ from other linguistic units in that they provide imagery, expressiveness and emotionality to speech. The main attention is paid to the definition of national and cultural features of phraseological units with subcolloquial mesurative components of the French, Uzbek and Russian languages, expressing different socio-cultural cultures of the world. Results and discussion. Scientific novelty lies in the study of determining the sources of phraseological units with subcolloquial mesurative components in the French, Uzbek and Russian languages on the basis of phraseological units. An analysis of the generality and specificity in the meanings of the subcolloquial mesuratic phraseological units of the compared languages was carried out. This analysis involves the study of the semantics of subcolloquial mesuratic phraseological units, the mechanisms of nomination and associative links existing in them, the consciousness and properties of the mentality of the three peoples

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