Methods of improvement of degraded haymaking fields in the forest-steppe of the Ob river region

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
A. G. Tyuryukov ◽  
N. M. Kostomakhin ◽  
K. V. Filippov
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Feed Quality ◽  
River Region ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Perennial Legumes

The results of investigations on the formation of high-yielding haymaking fields with the sowing of perennial legumes with different methods of processing the sod of degraded hayfields have been presented in the paper. The purpose of the work was to determine the most effective methods that contribute to increasing the yield and feed quality of degraded haymaking. The most effective methods that contribute to increasing the yield, feed quality and productive longevity of degraded haymaking have been determined. The content of perennial legumes in the herbage was registered: in the variant with plowing of turf it was 88 %, with milling – 80, with disking – 70 %. The highest yield has been obtained on the variant with the radical improvement 17,3 t/ha herbage and 3,64 t/ha of dry weight, which exceeded the indicators of the control variant by 3,6 times. It has been revealed that with the radical improvement of degraded haymaking (plowing + disking), the yield of feed units reached 1,74 t/ha, digestible protein – 0,25 t/ha, the amount of digestible protein per 1 feed unit was 140 g. These indicators during the sod disking were: 1,55 t/ha, 0,22 t/ha and 135 g, respectively. When strip-seeding of perennial legumes, the variant with the width of the treated strip of 60 cm has been distinguished. The collection of feed units amounted to 1,61 t/ha, of digestible protein – 0,18 t/ha. In the control variant (degraded haymaking), the collection of feed units was 0,38 t/ha, of digestible protein-0,025 t/ha. An economic assessment of the methods of improving degraded haymaking has shown that strip sowing of perennial legumes turned out to be the most effective method of improvement in the forest-steppe zone in Western Siberia. The net income depending on the option of strip sowing amounted to 3751–4278 rubles/ha, the level of profitability – 71–87 %. During the radical improvement, the economic indicators were slightly lower – 3959 rubles/ha and 57 %, respectively.

scholarly journals Grain crops in fodder production

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
O. T. Andreeva ◽  
N. G. Pilipenko ◽  
L. P. Sidorova ◽  
N. Yu. Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Growing Conditions

The possibility of increasing the yield of fodder-grain crops in single-species agrocenoses to provide livestock with nutritious highquality feed was studied. The results of field and laboratory studies (2016–2018) on the cultivation of traditional (barley, oats, spring and winter rye) and uncommon fodder crops (triticale, corn) sown as single crops in the forest-steppe zone of Trans-Baikal Territory are presented. The objects of the research were the following recognized varieties of the crops under study: local winter rye Zhitkinskaya, spring rye Onokhoyskaya, oats Metis, barley Anna, triticale Ukro, corn hybrid Obsky 150 CB. The experiment was conducted on meadow chernozem mealy-carbonate soil (light loam by particle size distribution). Poaceous fodder crops were assessed in terms of their adaptability to growing conditions, yield and nutritional value of grain. Their economically valuable characteristics were shown. On average over the years of research, when cultivating traditional and uncommon poaceous crops for fodder grain in single-crop sowings, triticale and corn had an advantage. The grain yield in the experiment was 3.0-5.8 t/ha, collection of fodder units – 3.39-6.13 t/ha, digestible protein 287-494 kg/ha, gross energy – 34.7-60.5 GJ/ha, availability of digestible protein – 85–77 g per one feed unit. Traditional crops were inferior to uncommon crops in terms of grain yield by 0.5-3.3 t/ ha, (on average for the variants of the experiment), feed units – by 0.99-3.73 t/ha, digestible protein – by 85-292 kg/ha, gross energy – by 0.99–35.7 GJ/ha.

scholarly journals Influence of forage crop rotations on crop yields and phytosanitary conditions of soils in the Baikal region

2021 ◽  
Vol 296 ◽  
pp. 01004
Author(s):  
Zoya V. Kozlova ◽  
Vlada V. Kolocheva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Baikal Region ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Control Option ◽  
Perennial Legumes

The article considers the practical aspects of ensuring the preservation of natural ecosystems based on the use of organic farming technologies. It presents the results of research in the forest-steppe zone of the Baikal region for 2011-2018. On the basis of the phytosanitary state of crops studying analysis, it was found that the correct alternation of crops in crop rotation suppresses the level of weeds, thereby not affecting the productivity of agricultural crops. The paper reveals the characteristics of agrophysical and water properties of gray forest soil, the influence of forage crop rotations with meadow clover on the yield of cultivated crops. According to the research results, the authors found that overseeding of legumes in the fields of forage crop rotations increases the average productivity by 16.6% in comparison with the control option. The influence of the aftereffect of perennial legumes in crop rotations increases the yield of grain fodder and silage crops by 20-31.8%. The crop rotation with two fields of meadow clover (crop rotation No. 3) was determined to be the best for all indicators.

scholarly journals CREATION OF AGROCENOSES OF FODDER CROPS FOR SPRING AND EARLY SUMMER USE IN THE FORESTSTEPPE ZONE OF THE TRANS-BAIKAL TERRITORY

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. T. Andreeva ◽  
N. G. Pilipenko ◽  
L. P. Sidorova ◽  
N. Yu. Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Digestible Protein

Experimental data on the creation of fodder agrocenoses for the production of green feed in the spring and early summer period is presented. The research was conducted in 2014-2016 in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The study included winter and spring rye crops and cabbage. It was established that the promising crop that gives the earliest green feed is the winter rye of autumn sowing. It was characterized by a high regrow capacity and formed two yield cuttings in the tillering phase. The yield of green mass was 7.7 t/ha, dry matter – 1.36 t/ha, output of feed units was 1.34 t/ha, the amount of digestible protein – 279 kg/ha. In the phase of stem elongation, the figures were 10.0 t/ ha, 2.17 t/ha, 1.93 t/ha, 287 kg/ ha, respectively; in the earing phase (one cutting) – 9.3 t/ha, 3.30 t/ha, 2.65 t/ha, 287 kg/ha, respectively. Feed biomass was of higher quality when used in the period of tillering, where the content of digestible protein per one feed unit was 206-210 g. The spring sowings of winter rye were inferior to the autumn sowings in the amount of two cuttings in the tillering phase: green mass by 3.3 t/ha, dry matter 0.58 t/ha, feed units 0.58 t/ha, digestible protein 113 kg/ha; in the stem elongation phase: 5.5 t/ha, 1,27 t/ha, 1.15 t/ ha, 168 kg/ha, respectively. Crops of spring rape, oil radish and spring rye are also important, since they allow to obtain a sufficiently high yield in the early summer period. In the budding phase the yield of green mass of cabbage crops was 22.8 and 18.3 t/ ha, dry matter – 2.69 and 2.78 t/ha, feed units – 2.70 and 2.25 t/ha, digestible protein – 648 and 599 kg/ ha; in the flowering phase the figures for oil radish were 21.5 t/ha, 2.56 t/ha, 2.57 t/ha, 499 kg/ ha, respectively. In the tillering phase the figures for spring rye in the amount of two cuttings were 7.3 t/ ha, 1.31 t/ha, 1.11 t/ha, 210 kg/ ha, respectively; in the phase of stem prolongation – 3.8 t/ha, 0.82 t/ ha, 0,87 t/ha, 105 kg/ha, respectively.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Application of Mineral Fertilizers for Winter Wheat on Leached Black Chernozem

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ksenia Moiseeva ◽  
Alexander Karmatskikh ◽  
Anastasia Moiseeva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
The Cost

The article considers the issue of productivity and economic efficiency of the use of slow-acting nitrogen fertilizers obtained using the ”Si” technology of winter wheat. The studies were carried out in 2014–2017 in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region on the experimental field of the Agrotechnological Institute of the GAU of the Northern Trans-Urals. increased winter wheat grain yield. Winter wheat productivity according to the studied options on average over the years of research ranged from 3.36–3.41 t/ha, which is higher than the control about the option of 0.27–0.32 t/ha. The economic efficiency of the fertilizers used was determined by the cost of increasing the crop and the cost of obtaining it. Analysis of economic efficiency showed that when sowing the nitrogen fertilizer, urea encapsulated by Si technology (30 kg/ha d.v.) received the highest profitability – 81.68 %. The resulting conditionally net income in this option amounted to 1663.4 rub/ha. In the sixth version of the experiment (encapsulated urea according to the ”Si” technology (60 kg/ha a.v.) + KCl (30 kg/ha a.a.) + P2O5 (40 kg/ha a.a.)) profitability – 76.0 %. Obtained conditionally net income in this embodiment amounted to 1222 rubles/ha. The return on fertilizer use ranged from 4 to 85 %.

scholarly journals A systemic comparative economic approach efficiency of fodder production

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milyausha Lukyanova ◽  
Vitaliy Kovshov ◽  
Zariya Zalilova ◽  
Vasily Lukyanov ◽  
Irek Araslanbaev
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
The Republic

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to determine the optimal volume of fodder and grain-fodder crops of appropriate quality to meet the needs of the livestock industry using a systemic comparative economic approach. For the economic assessment of crops for fodder purposes, a systemic comparative economic approach to their production efficiency has been developed. Accounting was carried out according to the three most important indicators in fodder units: quantitative indicators—productivity per hectare of sowing, qualitative—the content of vegetable protein and cost—the production cost. Oats were taken as the primary culture. Their comparison made it possible to determine economically interrelated partial indices, which are reduced to the index of the systemic comparative economic approach, which contributes to optimizing the structure of the cultivated areas of these crops. This technique allows to determine each forage crop’s location in each farm or region’s conditions, analyzing the real situation and assessing the prospects for the development of production. The optimal structure of sown areas for grain-fodder and fodder crops, focused on the cultivation of high-protein crops, for the enterprises of the Northern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan is proposed. Due to a change in sown areas’ structure, the gross harvest increases by 8%, digestible protein by 2%, and reduced production costs by 48%.

scholarly journals The non-ferrous metal toolkit of the Petrovka Culture of the South Trans-Urals

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-35
Author(s):  
A.D. Degtyareva
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Ferrous Metal ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The South ◽  
River Region ◽  
Chronological Period ◽  
Steppe Belt ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Metal Tools

The article presents data on the morphological and typological characteristics of the trade tools of the Pet-rovka Culture of the South Trans-Urals and middle Tobol River region, originating from the sites of Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, and Tyumen Regions (77 specimens in total; 126 specimens in total including knives). According to the radiocarbon dating, the chronological period of the Petrovka sites in the Southern Trans-Urals spans the 19th through 18th centuries B.C. The distribution of tools into types was based on the techniques of typological division of the artifacts, taking into account their shape, presence of certain qualitative features, as well as consideration of the geographical and cultural areal of similar articles. The produce of the Southern Trans-Urals center is repre-sented by a diverse set of metal tools and by functioning of large settlements with metallurgical specialization — Kulevchi 3, Ustye 1, and Shibaevo 1. In the typology of the tool complex of the Petrovka Culture of the Southern Trans-Urals and the Middle Pre-Tobol region, common Eurasian types dominate, being genetically associated with the centers of the Middle Bronze Age of the Circumpontian Metallurgical Province — the Late Yamnaya-Poltavkino, Catacomb Culture, and metal-producing centers of the Corded Ware Culture — Volsk-Lbische and Balanovo. A pronounced variety of the morphotypes of the tools, especially knives, is characteristic of the initial stage of ethnogenesis of the cultures of the forest-steppe and steppe zone of Eurasia during the transitional pe-riod from the MBA to the LBA. Common Eurasian types of tools are characteristic of the cultures of the 1st phase of the Eurasian (West Asian) metallurgical province of the forest-steppe and steppe belt from the Don region to the Irtysh region: Abashevo; Sintashta; Early Srubnaya (Pokrovka); Petrovka (Early Alakul). Specific groups of tools inherent in the tribes of the Petrovka Culture were revealed: axes with a massive head; medium-curved sick-les with a prominent handle; socketed spearheads without eyelets and raised ribs along the edge of the socket; forged arrowheads with a through socket; knives with a straight prominent handle — double-edged and single-edged; knives with a forged open socket. In the appearance of some types of tools among the Petrovka population of the Trans-Urals, such as forged socketed tools — chisels, knives, arrows, double-edged knives with a prominent handle, and sickles with a small curvature, the influence of the Abashevo stereotypes of production is discernible. In the meantime, sufficient data have been obtained on the direct imports or on the conjugation of types of the metal tools and weapons of the Sintashta, Petrovka, and Seima-Turbino Cultures in closed complexes.

A BIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC FEATURES OF EVERBEARING RASPBERRY IN SOUTHEAST CONDITION OF FOREST STEPPE ZONE IN IRKUTSK REGION

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Е. N. Kiseleva ◽  
М. А. Rachenko ◽  
L. E. Kamyshova ◽  
А. M. Rachenko
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Technological Institute ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Nursery Management ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this work was to study biological and economic peculiarities of repair raspberry varieties cultivated in the south-eastern part of Irkutsk region. The research was conducted on the territory of the collection site of SIFIBR SB RAS. The objects of research were 10 varieties and 3 selected forms of repair raspberries of selection of FSBNU "All-Russian Breeding and Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery Management". Raspberries were cultivated in annual culture.Biological and economic peculiarities of the object of research on the territory of the forest-steppe zone of the Predbaikal region were studied by the route method. Actual productivity was taken into account by mass of ripe berries on one bush before severe frosts. The research was carried out according to the program and methods of variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops. According to the results of observations a comparative biological and economic assessment of the studied objects by productivity and terms of fruit ripening, peculiarities of bush formation in some varieties was given.

scholarly journals Economic assessment of application of new reforestation technologies in conditions of climate change in the forest-steppe zone of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
S Morkovina ◽  
E Panyavina ◽  
I Podmolodina ◽  
A Burmistrov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Root System ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
High Level ◽  
Labor Consuming ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Abstract The development and application of new reforestation technologies remain relevant due to climate change. The main technology of forest sowing in Russia does not provide effective reforestation. Innovative technologies of reforestation based on seedlings with a closed root system make it possible to increase the livelihood of plants and accelerate reforestation processes. Using the method of determining costs, a comparative economic analysis of the technologies for growing oak seedlings with an open and closed root system in the forest-steppe regions of Russia was carried out. It was found that the technology of growing seedlings with a closed root system is less labor-consuming and provides a high level of income for investments. The innovative technology of growing seedlings with a closed root system in greenhouses is more competitive and its use allows to generate income from one hectare of area 50 times more than when growing seedlings in forest nurseries by increasing the number of seedling rotation. A comparative economic assessment of two oak seedling projects under forest-steppe conditions suggests the feasibility of moving to innovative reforestation technologies. In the current climate change conditions, a serious correction of approaches to reforestation in the forest-steppe zones of Russia is necessary.

scholarly journals The origins of the population of Western Siberia in the Early Iron Age according to odontological data

2021 ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
A.V. Sleptsova
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Western Siberia ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
River Region ◽  
Irtysh River

The results of the study of the dental anthropology complexes of the population of the Sargatka, Gorokhovo and Kashino cultures of the Early Iron Age in Western Siberia are presented. The source base of the study is 490 individuals from burials located in the Tobol, Ishim, Irtysh River regions, as well as on the territory of the Baraba forest-steppe zone. The aim of this study is to reconstruct the origin and processes of the formation of the anthropological composition of the population of the Sargatka, Gorokhovo and Kashino cultures on the basis of new dental anthropological data. Trigonometrically transformed dental trait frequencies were subjected to the principal component analysis. Be-sides Sargatka, Gorokhovo and Kashino cultures samples, 17 Bronze Age and 27 Early Iron Age dental samples from different region of Eurasia were used for statistical comparison. The results of the statistical comparison may possible to make a several conclusions. The anthropological composition of the Gorokhov population and Sargat groups from the Tobol, Ishim and Irtysh River regions was significantly influenced by diachronic contacts with the descendants of the Andronovo tribes of the Southern Urals, and synchronous relation with the Savromats and Sarmatians of the Southern Urals. The population of the Sargatka culture and the Gorokhovo groups, simultane-ously living on the territory of the Tobol River region in the 5th–3rd centuries BC significantly different from each other. However, the subsequent close population relation between the Sargatka and Gorokhovo groups and their contacts with the Sarmatians contributed to the convergence of their anthropological composition. In the formation of the anthropological composition of the Sargatka population of Baraba forest-steppe zone the main role belongs to the local Late Bronze groups — the Fedorovo Bronze Age population of Western Siberia and their descen-dants, people of the Irmen culture. The most specific is the anthropological composition of the Kashino popula-tion. The specificity of the small group of the Abatsky 3 burial of Kashino culture from the Ishim River region lies in the sharp predominance of the features of the “eastern” dental non-metric complex, which distinguishes this popu-lation from the groups of the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age of Western Siberia and adjacent territories.

scholarly journals Productivity and nutritional value of sunfl ower and Sudan grass

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
O. T. Andreeva ◽  
N. G. Pilipenko ◽  
L. P. Sidorova ◽  
N. Yu. Kharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sudan Grass ◽  
Broad Beans ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Spring Rape

The work presents the results of research into productivity of traditional and uncommon silage crops – sunfl ower and Sudan grass – sown as a single crop and intercropped with broad beans, spring rape and oil radish. The study was carried out on meadow chernozem mealy-carbonate soil in the forest-steppe zone of Trans-Baikal Territory. The objects of the research were the following recognized varieties: Yenisei sunfl ower, Sudan grass Novosibirsk 84, broad beans Sibirskiye, spring rape Spat, oil radish Tambovchanka.  Agricultural technology used for fodder crop cultivation was common for this area. Sunfl ower was sown both as a single crop and intercropped with broad beans in the third ten-day period of May in wide alternating rows. Sudan grass was sown both as a single crop and intercropped with spring rape and oil radish in the second ten-day period of May in rows. The experimental work was carried out alongside laboratory observations and analyses in accordance with the generally accepted guidelines for fi eld experiments on fodder crops. The possibility of increasing fodder productivity and nutritional value of silage agrocenoses was established by means of intercropping sunfl ower and Sudan grass with broad beans and cabbage crops (spring rape and oil radish) and sowing them in herbage in alternating rows. The experiment noted the maximum collection of feed units of 2.96-5.22 t/ha, digestible protein of 414.2-621.1 kg/ha and gross energy of 35.467.1 GJ/ha with the availability of digestible protein in the amount of 118.9-139.9 g per one feed unit and 10.0-10.7 MJ of metabolic energy per 1 kg of dry matter.

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