scholarly journals Economic assessment of application of new reforestation technologies in conditions of climate change in the forest-steppe zone of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 875 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
S Morkovina ◽  
E Panyavina ◽  
I Podmolodina ◽  
A Burmistrov
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Root System ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
High Level ◽  
Labor Consuming ◽  
Regions Of Russia

Abstract The development and application of new reforestation technologies remain relevant due to climate change. The main technology of forest sowing in Russia does not provide effective reforestation. Innovative technologies of reforestation based on seedlings with a closed root system make it possible to increase the livelihood of plants and accelerate reforestation processes. Using the method of determining costs, a comparative economic analysis of the technologies for growing oak seedlings with an open and closed root system in the forest-steppe regions of Russia was carried out. It was found that the technology of growing seedlings with a closed root system is less labor-consuming and provides a high level of income for investments. The innovative technology of growing seedlings with a closed root system in greenhouses is more competitive and its use allows to generate income from one hectare of area 50 times more than when growing seedlings in forest nurseries by increasing the number of seedling rotation. A comparative economic assessment of two oak seedling projects under forest-steppe conditions suggests the feasibility of moving to innovative reforestation technologies. In the current climate change conditions, a serious correction of approaches to reforestation in the forest-steppe zones of Russia is necessary.

scholarly journals Promising Cultivars of Prunus divaricata for the Central Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 832G-833
Author(s):  
Larissa V. Sydorchuk
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Commercial Culture ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Leaf Stage ◽  
Dormancy Period

Prunus divaricata has attracted attention as a commercial culture only recently, but it is in the process of becoming a valuable fruit culture in Ukraine, where it has been planted in an area of >3000 ha. P. divaricata bears fruit earlier during the 2nd or 3rd year after planting. Its fruits ripen earlier than that of plums and are consistently abundant, fairly large, of high-quality, rich in vitamins, and easy to transport. These fruits can be eaten fresh or processed The trees have a short dormancy period, which may account for their relatively poor winter-hardiness. The root system of P. divaricata is shallow and mainly located at a depth of 50 cm from the soil surface. Its vertical roots, however, reach a depth of 2 m or more. The young roots may freeze at ≈12C. However, winter hardiness of the different cultivars varies and is determined by their origin. P. divaricata blooms early, roughly at the time when the flowering of early apricots ends. Its flowers are less susceptible to late frosts than those of apricots. For pollination, three or four different cultivars are needed. Yields ranging from >70 to 80 kg have been reached at the seventh leaf stage with the following cultivars in central Ukraine: `Olen'ka', `Obil'na”, `Raketa', `Zhemchuzhyna', and `Vasylius'ka' (control standard).

scholarly journals TRANSFORMATION OF THE HALOPHYTIC VEGETATION OF THE “SERDOBSKY SOLONETS” SERDOBSKY DISTRICT, PENZA REGION)

Ekosistemy ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
L. A. Novikova ◽  
E. V. Mikhailova ◽  
V. M. Vasjukov ◽  
T. V. Gorbushina
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Natural Monument ◽  
High Level

Halophytic vegetation is very rare in the forest-steppe zone. It was studied in the tract Serdobsky solonetsin the vicinity of Serdobsk (Serdobsky district, Penza region). The studies were conducted in the years 2009–2018, using the technique of geobotanical profiling. 80 trial areas were laid (35 in 2009 and 45 in 2008). Ecological and phytocenotic classification of plant communities is performed on the dominant principle. Comparison of two descriptions of vegetation with an interval of 10 years allows us to trace the transformation of halophytic vegetation after intensive anthropogenic impact (grazing and partial plowing) in different environmental conditions. The flora of Serdobsky solonets consists of 179 species of vascular plants, of which 13 species are included in the Red book of the Penza region (2013). The share of halophytic vegetation on the territory of Serdobsky solonetshas changed over 10 years: from 97.0 % to 63.8 %. Moreover, halophyte meadows occupied 67.0 % and halophyte steppes 30.0 % of the area in 2009. Now (2018) halophytic steppes make up 30.8 %, and halophytic meadows 33.0 %.The main stages of demutation of halophytic steppe and meadow vegetation were identified in various environmental conditions (meadows and steppes). The same stages of demutation were identified earlier for the South-Eastern Solonets (Neverskinsky district of the Penza region). However, a special stage of annual saline grasslands has been identified.This place requires protection due to the high level of floral and phytocenotic diversity. We offer to organize here a natural monument called “Serdobsky solonets”.

scholarly journals Оценка воздействия препаратов на основе Bacillus Subtilis и Trichoderma Viride на фитосанитарную ситуацию в посевах и продуктивность яровой пшеницы в северной лесостепи Западной Сибири

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
С. Бурлакова ◽  
◽  
М. Егорычева ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
High Level

The study was carried out in laboratory conditions and in the field experiment in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia. The protective effect of seed treatment with biofungicides Trichodermin and Sporobacterin in combination with spraying wheat crops with Fitosporin against root rot, the growth effect in the synergism of the biological properties of drugs was studied. It is shown that under the greening growth conditions of wheat, it is possible to replace the combination of chemical treatments with biological ones while maintaining a high level of productivity. The mechanism of influence of some combinations of drugs, revealing the peculiarities of biochemical processes in the cells of flag leaves of plants, on the forecast of productivity at the early stages of plant development has been revealed.

scholarly journals Syntaxonomy and ecological differentiation of the pioneer vegetation of Ukraine Classes: Isoëto-Nanojuncetea, Bidentetea

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-52
Author(s):  
Dmytro V. Dubyna ◽  
Tetiana P. Dziuba ◽  
Svitlana M. Iemelianova ◽  
Lyubov M. Felbaba-Klushyna
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soil Humidity ◽  
Ecological Differentiation ◽  
Pioneer Vegetation ◽  
Phytosociological Relevés ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
High Level

Abstract The studies of the pioneer vegetation of freshwater shorelines of water bodies are of particular interest owing to the specific ecology of these habitats and the short cycle for their development in which periods of flooding and subsequent drainage alternate. Using the methods of phytosociological classification and cluster analysis based on the interpretation of 414 phytosociological relevés, the syntaxonomic structure of the pioneer vegetation of freshwater shorelines of the water bodies of Ukraine has been established that are represented by the phytosociological classes Isoëto-Nanojuncetea and Bidentetea. The class Isoëto-Nanojuncetea includes 8 associations that belong to 2 alliances and 1 order and the class Bidentetea includes 10 associations belonging to 2 alliances and 1 order. Phytocoenoses of both classes are more typical for the Polissia region and the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, where there are favourable habitats with a flat relief, low degree of dissection and a high level of soil humidity. Using a DCA ordination analysis of associations their position in ecological space was determined. It was established that the main factors of ecological differentiation for Isoëto-Nanojuncetea habitats are soil humidity, soil aeration, nitrogen content, as well as temperature regime. Differentiation in the hyperspace of abiotic factors of the class Bidentetea occurs mainly along the gradients of soil humidity, salt regime and acidity. The ecological distribution of syntaxa of this class is also significantly influenced by the concentration of mineral nitrogen compounds in the soil.

scholarly journals Influence of changes of climate on the productivity of pratal and steppe vegetation in the Forest-steppe area of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
A. M. Polevoy ◽  
L. E. Bozhko ◽  
E. A. Barsukova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Natural Fertility ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Steppe Vegetation ◽  
Yield Capacity

The influence of the climate change on the agro-climatic growth conditions, development and formation of productivity of meadow and steppe vegetation in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine for three periods has been studied: 2021–2030, 2031–2040, 2041–2050. The calculations of the expected conditions have been performed according to the climate change scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The paper provides an assessment of the agro-climatic conditions for the formation of productivity of meadow and steppe vegetation in the current global warming and further climate change conditions until 2050. The assessment has been performed by comparing the average long-term agro-climatic indicators (1980–2010) of the productivity of wild phytocenoses with the same indicators for the future over decades. The calculations of both average long-term productivity of grasses and productivity of grasses in the conditions of climate change are executed according to four types of productivity: potential productivity which in case of optimum maintenance of plants with heat, moisture and mineral food is defined by solar radiation; meteorologically possible yield, which is provided by the temperature regime and the regime of humidification of the territory; really possible yield capacity, which is provided by the natural fertility of the soil; actual yield capacity in the natural conditions. Key words: meadow, steppe vegetation, productivity, humus balance, photosynthetic potential, agroecological categories of yields, climate change.

Distribution and morphological variation of Vipera berus nikolskii Vedmederja, Grubant et Rudaeva, 1986 in Western Ukraine, The Republic of Moldova and Romania

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Ţurcanu ◽  
Oleksandr Zinenko ◽  
Alexandru Strugariu
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Vipera Berus ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
The Republic ◽  
High Level

AbstractMorphological variation of vipers of the Vipera berus complex in Eastern Romania, the Republic of Moldova and Western and Central Ukraine was studied using multivariate statistics. Discriminant analysis, based on ten meristic characters in 89.7% of cases (males) and in 92.0% cases (females), was able to separate reference samples of subspecies Vipera berus berus and Vipera berus nikolskii and was conducted to classify snakes from the studied territory. According to these results, V. b. nikolskii inhabits the broad-leaved forests in the forest-steppe zone in the Republic of Moldova, the hilly part of Eastern Romania and Central Ukraine. Specimens from a contact zone between V. b. berus and V. b. nikolskii have intermediate morphology and, thus, could represent the result of introgression. Populations of the Nikolsky's viper from the western part of its range combine high level of morphological differentiation from V. b. berus with the presence of non-black specimens and even include populations without melanistic specimens, previously thought not to occur in this taxon. A morphological description of the largest samples is given and determination of V. b. nikolskii is discussed.

Features of development and regeneration in the burnt forest steppe zone

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Казаков ◽  
Vladimir Kazakov ◽  
Проказин ◽  
Nikolay Prokazin ◽  
Лобанова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Test Plot ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Forest Residues ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
The Impact

Fire-fighting and carrying out reforestation on the burnt forests is a complex problem for the forest sector. Current guidelines of technology for the development of burnt forests do not fully meet modern requirements, so the solution of this problem is of scientific and practical interest for the forest industry professionals. Features of the application of the most common means of mechanization for harvesting, as well as labor costs are at their operation are marked as the result of analysis of method of harvesting stands in areas with both commodity and non-commodity timber. It is noted that the greatest interest for sparsely areas is way to eliminate burnt forests by chainsaw felling and skidding of stems to the loading warehouse using chokerless skid devices in the unit with wheel tractors. This technology eliminates the clearing of cutting areas from forest residues and performs branches cutting and stems butchering for assortments in one place. Conducted approbation of low-operation harvesting technology of stands on the roll with a chainsaw "Husqvarna" and skidding trees with chokerkess skid equipment for thinning the forest ОРУ-2 unit with МТЗ-80/82, confirmed its benefits and made it possible to establish the basic performance characteristics. Test plot of pine seedlings is laid, using open and closed root system and indicators of their survival and growth are identified. Planting of yearling pine seedlings with closed root system on non-treated belts led to their death. Assessing the impact of mycorrhiza in making it into the soil on plant growth and survival, has confirmed the feasibility of its use in creating pine plantations on sandy soils.

scholarly journals A systemic comparative economic approach efficiency of fodder production

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milyausha Lukyanova ◽  
Vitaliy Kovshov ◽  
Zariya Zalilova ◽  
Vasily Lukyanov ◽  
Irek Araslanbaev
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Economic Approach ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
The Republic

AbstractThe purpose of the study is to determine the optimal volume of fodder and grain-fodder crops of appropriate quality to meet the needs of the livestock industry using a systemic comparative economic approach. For the economic assessment of crops for fodder purposes, a systemic comparative economic approach to their production efficiency has been developed. Accounting was carried out according to the three most important indicators in fodder units: quantitative indicators—productivity per hectare of sowing, qualitative—the content of vegetable protein and cost—the production cost. Oats were taken as the primary culture. Their comparison made it possible to determine economically interrelated partial indices, which are reduced to the index of the systemic comparative economic approach, which contributes to optimizing the structure of the cultivated areas of these crops. This technique allows to determine each forage crop’s location in each farm or region’s conditions, analyzing the real situation and assessing the prospects for the development of production. The optimal structure of sown areas for grain-fodder and fodder crops, focused on the cultivation of high-protein crops, for the enterprises of the Northern forest-steppe zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan is proposed. Due to a change in sown areas’ structure, the gross harvest increases by 8%, digestible protein by 2%, and reduced production costs by 48%.

A BIOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC FEATURES OF EVERBEARING RASPBERRY IN SOUTHEAST CONDITION OF FOREST STEPPE ZONE IN IRKUTSK REGION

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Е. N. Kiseleva ◽  
М. А. Rachenko ◽  
L. E. Kamyshova ◽  
А. M. Rachenko
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Collection Site ◽  
Technological Institute ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Irkutsk Region ◽  
Nursery Management ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this work was to study biological and economic peculiarities of repair raspberry varieties cultivated in the south-eastern part of Irkutsk region. The research was conducted on the territory of the collection site of SIFIBR SB RAS. The objects of research were 10 varieties and 3 selected forms of repair raspberries of selection of FSBNU "All-Russian Breeding and Technological Institute of Horticulture and Nursery Management". Raspberries were cultivated in annual culture.Biological and economic peculiarities of the object of research on the territory of the forest-steppe zone of the Predbaikal region were studied by the route method. Actual productivity was taken into account by mass of ripe berries on one bush before severe frosts. The research was carried out according to the program and methods of variety study of fruit, berry and nut crops. According to the results of observations a comparative biological and economic assessment of the studied objects by productivity and terms of fruit ripening, peculiarities of bush formation in some varieties was given.

APPLICATION OF NITROGEN FERTILIZERS BY FERTIGATION AT SEABUCKTHORN NURSERY

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Tatyana Nelyubova ◽  
Marina Ryzhova ◽  
Aleksandr Kanarsky
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Level ◽  
Positive Effect

The effect of fertilizers application by the method of fertigation with drip irrigation during seabuckthorn growing in the nursery was estimated. The research has been carried out in the nursery field, in the forest-steppe zone of Altai Krai in 2019-2020. The soil on the experimental plot is gray-forest, reaction of the medium pH 5.8-5.9. The content of nitrate nitrogen was in the range of 7.8-9.8 mg/kg in the control variant; after fertilization, these values rose to 87.9 mg/kg. Nitrate nitrogen was determined by the ion-selective method. The soil at a high level is provided with mobile phosphorus 342-453 mg/kg and potassium 181-355 mg/kg - determined according to Chirikov. The research object – is one-year-old seabuckthorn trees of Altaiskaya cultivar. Urea was applied as nitrogen fertilizer in three rates of the active ingredient (40, 60, and 80 kg/ha). Double superphosphate (30 kg/ha) and potassium chloride (30 kg/ha) were used as the background. The soil moisture level was maintained at 70-80% of the LWC. The effectiveness of fertilizers was assessed by the marketable yield of two-year-old seedlings and their quality indicators. The measurements were carried out in the fall, after excavation. According to the values of the parameters of the aboveground part, the dose of nitrogen fertilizer of 60 kg/ha turned out to be the best option. At the same time, the seedlings had a height of 89.5 cm, the number of branches was 4.4 pcs., The diameter of the trunk was 8.4 cm, which is 15.4 cm, 0.5 pcs. and 1.3 mm above the control. The yield of seedlings of the first commercial grade in the experiment averaged 164 pieces. (82.8%), the maximum is marked on the N60P30K30 variant 190 pcs. (93.8%). Control without the use of fertilizers in all respects is significantly inferior to options with fertilizers. Thus, the use of nitrogen fertilizers has a positive effect on the quality of the seabuckthorn planting material. As a result, the utilization of nitrogen fertilizers has a positive effect on the quality of the seabuckthorn plant material, while higher concentrations become unprofitable compared to low ones due to high costs and insignificant differences in the quality of trees

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