DIGITAL COW HEALTH MONITORING TECHNOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
pp. 2-6
Author(s):  
В.Н. СУРОВЦЕВ ◽  
И.К. ШУЛЬГИН ◽  
В.Д. ЛУЖНЯК ◽  
О.В. ПОГОДИНА
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Network Algorithms ◽  
Livestock Buildings ◽  
Cow Health ◽  
Monitoring Technologies ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Automatic Systems

Обоснован рост требований к системе мониторинга здоровья и физиологического состояния животных для решения задач по увеличению срока продуктивного хозяйственного использования высокопродуктивных коров на крупных молочных комплексах. Анализ основных причин выбраковки коров в племенных хозяйствах Ленинградской области свидетельствует, что большую часть болезней при беспривязном содержании коров с доением в доильных залах можно выявить и предотвратить на ранних стадиях, тщательно фиксируя и оперативно реагируя на «сигналы коров», характеризующие активность, особенности передвижения, нахождение в различных зонах животноводческих помещений, потребление корма и воды, руминацию, внешний вид. Проведен анализ возможностей и ограничений существующих и разрабатываемых автоматических систем мониторинга здоровья и физиологического состояния животных, таких как: ошейники с транспондерами, ушные бирки c трехосным акселерометром, болюсы. Рассмотрены тенденции и перспективы разработки и освоения в молочном животноводстве цифровых технологий обработки и анализа визуальной информации, получаемой круглосуточно с камер наблюдения, с применением элементов «искусственного интеллекта», нейросетевых алгоритмов. Мониторинг поведенческих сигналов животных с помощью современных цифровых технологий может стать решением актуальных производственно-экономических задач: сохранение здоровья высокопродуктивных коров в больших стадах в условиях автоматизированного производства молока, увеличение продолжительности их хозяйственного использования, улучшение воспроизводства стада, рост экономической эффективности отрасли. The growth of requirements for the system of monitoring the health and physiological state of animals for solving the problems of increasing the period of productive economic use of highly productive cows at large dairy complexes has been substantiated. Analysis of the main reasons for the culling of cows in the breeding farms of the Leningrad Region shows that most of the diseases in case of loose housing of cows with milking in milking parlors can be detected and prevented at early stages by carefully recording and promptly responding to “cow signals” characterizing activity , peculiarities of movement, being in various zones of livestock buildings, consumption of feed and water, rumination, appearance. The analysis of the possibilities and limitations of existing and developed automatic systems for monitoring the health and physiological state of animals, such as collars with transponders, ear tags, boluses, is carried out. Trends and prospects for the development and development of digital technologies for processing and analysis of visual information received around the clock from surveillance cameras using elements of "artificial intelligence" and neural network algorithms are considered.

scholarly journals Dynamics of variability of the animal heart rhythm and its correlation with economic parameters and age

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00095
Author(s):  
A. S. Emelyanova ◽  
L. G. Kashirina ◽  
E. E. Stepura ◽  
S. D. Emelyanov ◽  
Yu. P. Borycheva
Keyword(s):  
Physiological State ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Economic Use

For several years, strengthened state support caused a situation, when domestic livestock has reached the European level on many qualitative and quantitative parameters. At the same time, dairy cattle breeding remains one of the most problematic branches. Intense loads during economic use lead to a decrease in vital energy and functional and physiological reserves of the body. The problem of reducing the economic characteristics of cows with age is relevant. In this regard, many questions related to the need to preserve these functional reserves arise and the latter can be studied using non-invasive methods. One of such methods is cardiointervalometry of heart rate variability. The method allows evaluating the physiological state of the animal, which can be influenced by both exogenous and endogenous factors.

EPISOOTIC SITUATION ON HEL-MINTHIASIS OF HORSES IN PRIVATE FARMS OF THE LENINGRAD REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
N. A. Gavrilova ◽  
◽  
L. M. Belova ◽  
O. A. Loginova ◽  
M.G. Roberman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Helminth Fauna ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Horse Breeding ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Intensity Of Invasion

To study the spread of helminth infections and diagnosis of the helminth fauna in pri-vate horse breeding farms of the Leningrad Region, feces were survey studied from foals for a year, animals aged 1 year to 3 years, 3 years to 6 years old, 6 to 10 years old and over 10 years old. Gastrointestinal nematodoses were diagnosed using Dar-ling`s method with advanced flotation fluid, culturing larvae by the method of Petrov& Gagarin, and using microscopy of contents from perianal area.The dominance of gastro-intestinal strongylides in horses of all age groups has been found. Yearlings are infest-ed with trichonemas by 94.1%.Aling with age increasing, the intensity of invasion (II) is slightly reduced. In horses older than 10 years, the prevalence rate of trichonemic infection is 63.9%. Strongyloidosis was de-tected in 70.5% of foals up to a year old.At the age of one to 3 years, a slight decline in II is observed, but when reaching 3 years and further, with increasing age, II gradually increases. Horses from 3 to 6 years of age (II = 80.0%) are more infected with parascaris-es. Yearlings are infested with parascarises by 56.2%, and in horses older than 10 years, II is 30.7%.Horses are less infested with ox-yurises compared to other nematodes.The lowest levels of II by oxyurosis (23.5%) were found in yearlings, and most of all ani-mals were invaded at the age of 6 to 10 years (II = 50.0%).It should be noted that helminth fauna is formed by nematodes, which are geohelminths in the terms of their develop-mental biology.Perhaps there is a correlation between the invasion of horses of all age groups and the characteristics of keeping animals in small private farms.

ASSESSMENT OF RECENT INBREEDING OF THE HOLSTEINIZED CATTLE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
М.Г. СМАРАГДОВ
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficient ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Heterozygous Snps ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Breeding Farms

Изучено влияние неучтенных гетерозиготных и негенотипированных SNPs в протяженных гомозиготных сегментах (ROH) на среднее количество и средний суммарный размер ROH-сегментов, а также на вычисление коэффициента инбридинга у голштинизированных черно-пестрых коров. Из 6 племенных заводов Ленинградской области были отобраны 374 коровы. Полногеномное генотипирование их осуществляли чипом BovineSNP50 v2. При выполнении контроля качества однонуклеотидного полиморфизма (SNP) генотипов коров и полногеномном сканировании ROH использовали программу Plink 1.9. После проведения контроля качества SNP-генотипов из 54609 осталось 43298 SNPs. Влияние неучтенных гетерозиготных и негенотипированных SNPs на результаты ROH сканирования оценивали при изменении этих показателей от 0 до 16. Оказалось, что негенотипированные SNPs не влияли на показатели ROH, тогда как количество неучтенных гетерозиготных SNPs существенно влияло на результаты ROH сканирования. Так, по мере увеличения количества неучтенных гетерозиготных SNPs в ROH-сегментах среднее количество ROH-сегментов и их средний суммарный размер в геноме коров росли экспоненциально. При этом средний размер ROH-сегментов в геноме коров менялся незначительно 10,4±1,2 Mb. В зависимость от количества гетерозиготных SNPs коэффициент инбридинга также рос экспоненциально. В случае отсутствия гетерозиготных SNPs в ROH-сегментах средний коэффициент инбридинга у коров в 6 стадах изменялся от 4,4±0,4 до 5,6±0,2. Предполагается, что полученные результаты обусловлены не случайным расположением ROH-сегментов, а их кластеризацией в хромосомах коров. Таким образом, для несмещенной оценки результатов ROH-анализа следует исключать гетерозиготные SNPs в ROH-сегментах. Russian Research Institute of Farm Animal Genetics and Breeding Branch of the L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry The aim of this study was to assess the effect of non-genotyped and heterozygous SNPs in ROH segments at the average number and average total size of ROH segments, as well as at the calculation of the inbreeding coefficient of Holsteinized Back-and-White cows. Of the six breeding farms in the Leningrad Region, 374 cows were selected. Whole — genome genotyping was carried out with the BovineSNP50 v2 chip. When performing quality control of the genotyped cows and genome-wide ROH runs, the Plink 1.9 program was used. Upon quality control of the SNP genotypes out of 54609, 43298 SNPs were remained. The effect of non-genotyped and heterozygous SNPs at the results of ROH runs was evaluated by changing these parameters from 0 to 16. It turned out that non-genotyped SNPs did not affect the ROH scores, while the number of allowed heterozygous SNPs significantly affected the results of ROH runs. Thus, as the number of allowed heterozygous SNPs in ROH segments were increased, the mean number of ROH segments and their mean total size in the cows’ genome increased exponentially. Nevertheless, the mean size of the ROH segment changed slightly 10.4±1.2 Mb. Depending on the number of heterozygous SNPs in ROH, the inbreeding coefficient as well increased exponentially. In the absence of heterozygous SNPs in ROH segments, the average inbreeding coefficient of the cows in six herds varied from 4.4±0.4 to 5.6±0.2. It is suggested that obtained results are not due to the random distribution of ROH segments, but their clustering in the chromosomes of the cows. Thus, for unbiased assessment of the results of ROH analysis, heterozygous SNPs in ROH segments should be excluded.

ESTIMATION OF EFFICIENCY OF DISINFECTION OF SURFACES OF EQUIPMENT WITH “FUMIOD” DRUG IN ANIMAL AND PIG BREEDING SPACES DURING SANITARY BREAK

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
V.A. Kuzmin ◽  
◽  
L.S. Fogel ◽  
A. Sukhinin ◽  
S.A. Makavchik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rough Surfaces ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Livestock Buildings ◽  
Live Stock ◽  
Experimental Facilities ◽  
Test Objects ◽  
Mechanical Cleaning

The purpose of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of preventive disinfection of surfaces of technological equipment with fumigation aerosols of the “Fumiyod” drug in livestock and pig premises during the san-itary break. The work was carried out in livestock and pig farms of the Volosovsky district of the Leningrad region. Disinfection of technological equipment in experimental facilities for growing calves and piglets dur-ing the sanitary rupture (after the mechanical cleaning and washing of equipment with hot water + 600С) was carried out by fumigation aerosols of the “Fumiyod” using iodine blocks by sublimation for 3 hours after expo-sure. Control was provided by similar facili-ties after mechanical cleaning and washing of equipment with hot water + 600С. Test objects – metal surfaces , concrete, tile, wood, rubber, metlakh tiles. The effective-ness of disinfection of surfaces of technolog-ical equipment was evaluated by test of the bacteria of the Escherichia coli group (BGEC) and staphylococcus. To isolate BGEC, KODA medium, or Endo agar, was used to indicate staphylococci — yolk-salt agar (6.5% NaCl). In an experiment in live-stock and pig breeding facilities, for the con-trol of the quality of disinfection for the iso-lation of BGEC, the “Fumiyod” effective disinfection of smooth surfaces at a concen-tration of 0.10 g / m3 for 1 h, rough surfac-es, respectively, 0.20 g / m3 for 1 hour for the isolation of staphylococci, respectively, in a concentration of 0.1-0.20 g / m3 of smooth and rough surfaces at an exposure of 3 hours were carried out. For the control (after washing the equipment with hot water and without disinfection) in washes from smooth and rough surfaces of equipment in pig breeding and livestock buildings BGEC were allocated in 70%; staphylococci, re-spectively, in 100% and 95% of the samples.

scholarly journals Developing Algorithms and a Mathematical Model for Monitoring the Physiological State of Cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Dorokhov ◽  
Vladimir Kirsanov ◽  
Dmitry Pavkin ◽  
Fedor Evgenyevich Vladimirov ◽  
Igor Dovlatov
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
Cow Health ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Animal Care

This study involved theoretical and experimental research at farms with existing hardware and software. Measurements were conducted with non-invasive methods using special bolus transmitters (smaXtec animal care GmbH, Graz, Austria) developed for cow health monitoring. The boluses were introduced orally into the rumen of the studied cows. Algorithms and mathematical models were constructed for identifying estrus, calving and illnesses, and for monitoring feed and water consumption. Initial data were imported from a standard file, compatible with other applications (CSV table). Additionally, correlations were analyzed between temperature indicators, the rumen pH and the motor activity of the cattle. Illustrations include plots of the main vital factors and the correlated functions, and a screenshot of the software working console. Also included are tables with the results for each cow, the average values and the RMS deviation. The mathematical model developed is a set of algorithms and calculation results. Code for its implementation was written in Matlab R2019b and is attached to this report. This mathematical model may be used to process and interpret data obtained by boluses put into the rumen of animals. Keywords: cattle, rumen acidity, temperature, motor activity, estrus, calving

The current state of the breeding base in the Smolensk region

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
E. Prishchep ◽  
V. Tsys ◽  
D. Leutina
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Brown Swiss ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Holstein Breed ◽  
Current State ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
Intensive Rearing ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Economic Use

Dairy cattle breeding in the Smolensk region is the most promising direction of development of agriculture. In this regard the purpose of the work has been to study and analyze the state of the breeding base in dairy cattle breeding in the region. Breeding base in the Smolensk region at present time is represented by three breeding farms (nucleuses) and 12 breeding farms fof breeding Brown Swiss, Sychevskaya, Vazuzskiy type of Sychevskaya breed, Holstein and Black-and-White breeds. In the breeding farms of the region in 2018 the number of cattle was 21 484 heads, which is by 19,4 % less than in 2017. The reduction of livestock has been occurred due to the reduction of cows by 15,4 % and reduction of offspring, but the sale of breeding young animals has been increased by 38 %. The term of economic use of cows according the breed has been varied from 3,2 (Holstein breed) to 4,7 calving (Brown Swiss). At intensive rearing of breeding heifers with their first fertilization at the age of 16– 18 months the average productivity of cows in the future may reach the level of 5500–6000 thousand kg of milk per lactation. Payback all costs under this is happening for 1,5–2,0 lactations. According to the valuation for 2018 highest yield of milk has been obtained in the herd in breeding farm OOO “Zolotaya Niva” (Holstein breed) – 9700 kg of milk and yield of fat 311 and protein 351 kg. Eff ective use of highly productive animals contributes to the improvement of the genealogical structure of the herd and the breed increases the chances of getting even more highly productive and valuable descendants.

scholarly journals Features of milk productivity of cows of Ukrainian brown dairy breed and the influence of genotypical and paratypical factors on its formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (89) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Y. I. Sklyarenko
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Reproductive Ability ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Use ◽  
Dairy Breed

The indicators of milk productivity of cows of Ukrainian brown dairy breed were studied. The research was carried out on the basis of breeding farms of animal breeding of this breed by assessing the data of primary zootechnical accounting. It is established that the level of milk productivity of cows meets the breed standard and is within 4.5 thousand kg of milk. A significant correlation between the indicators of milk productivity and reproductive capacity was found. Milk productivity is negatively correlated with the main indicators of reproductive ability. The influence of genetic and paratypic factors on the formation of milk productivity was studied. It is established that a conditional bloodedness, linear membership and origin in the father significantly affects the level of milk productivity of cows. The impact of genetic factors increases from conditional crow nest of Swiss breed to descent on the father. Animals with the highest proportion of Swiss breed were significantly dominated by other animals by the milk yield per the first lactation. The highest milk yield in the first lactation were obtained from the animal of Vigate 083352 line and the smallest of Payvan 136140 line. By the greater amount of milk fat and protein, the animals of the Vigate 083352 line also prevailed. Animals from different bulls for the first lactation had milk yield in the range of 2780–4464 kg of milk, the amount of milk fat and protein, respectively, 103–176 kg and 89–134 kg. A big impact on the economy of milk production having a term of economic use of animals. Therefore, in our view longevity as a symptom of dairy cows is an important selection basis. The significant influence of genotypic factors on the indicators of the duration of use and lifetime productivity of cows was established. The greatest impact of the paratypical factors had the farm, which contains animals. The conditions of keeping and feeding in the farm had a significant impact on the duration of use and lifetime productivity of cows. The presence of significant influence of genotypic and paratypical factors on the milk productivity of animals makes it possible to improve its breeding and technological activities.

Advances in Microprobe Analysis Applied to Muscle, Nerve and Gland

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 404-407
Author(s):  
T. E. Hutchinson ◽  
D. E. Johnson ◽  
A. C. Lee ◽  
E. Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Tissue ◽  
Microprobe Analysis ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Muscle Nerve ◽  
Technique Development

Microprobe analysis of biological tissue is now in the end phase of transition from instrumental and technique development to applications pertinent to questions of physiological relevance. The promise,implicit in early investigative efforts, is being fulfilled to an extent much greater than many had predicted. It would thus seem appropriate to briefly report studies exemplifying this, ∿. In general, the distributions of ions in tissue in a preselected physiological state produced by variations in the external environment is of importance in elucidating the mechanisms of exchange and regulation of these ions.

Conformational characterization of nucleosome structure by Electron Microscopy

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Czarnota
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Gene Activation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Macromolecular Complex ◽  
Ultrastructural Studies ◽  
Ionic Environment ◽  
Nucleosome Structure ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction

Chromatin structure at the fundamental level of the nucleosome is important in vital cellular processes. Recent biochemical and genetic analyses show that nucleosome structure and structural changes are very active participants in gene expression, facilitating or inhibiting transcription and reflecting the physiological state of the cell. Structural states and transitions for this macromolecular complex, composed of DNA wound about a heterotypic octamer of variously modified histone proteins, have been measured by physico-chemical techniques and by enzyme-accessibility and are recognized to occur with various post-translational modifications, gene activation, transformation and with ionic-environment. In spite of studies which indicate various forms of nucleosome structure, all current x-ray and neutron diffraction studies have consistently resulted in only one structure, suggestive of a static conformation. In contrast, two-dimensional electron microscopy studies and three-dimensional reconstruction techniques have yielded different structures. These fundamental differences between EM and other ultrastructural studies have created a long standing quandary, which I have addressed and resolved using spectroscopic electron microscopy and statistical analyses of nucleosome images in a study of nucleosome structure with ionic environment.

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