scholarly journals Ability of the soil cellulolytic bacteria to colonize endophytic niche of barley grains

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.V. Sviridova ◽  
◽  
N.I. Vorobyov ◽  
Ya.V. Pukhalsky ◽  
O.N. Kurchak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Presowing Treatment ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Barley Grains

To identify microorganisms that can penetrate into the endophytic niche of the grain of barley plants, many years of vegetative experiments were conducted on sod-podzolic soil without the use of mineral fertilizers. In the non-growing season, a biological product, consisting of cellulolytic association of bacteria with genotypic passport, decomposed barley straw. Presowing treatment of seeds was not carried out, therefore, during the growing season; local microorganisms decomposing plant residues could be present in the barley rhizosphere. After six years of rotation of barley plants, the microbiological composition of its seed niche was studied. As a result, it was found that in the seeds of barley bacteria are present in an amount of 240 ± 20 CFU/g of grain. Isolated pure cultures of microorganisms were identified as Cellulomonas gelida, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus licheniformis by the sequence of ITS fragments of 16S rRNA. These types of bacteria were also present in the used biological product. Based on the research conducted, it can be assumed, that permanent cultivation of barley plants and sowing of seeds of the previous year can contribute to the formation of effective microbial and plant biosystems that are resistant to environmental stress.

Interactions between Treponema bryantii and cellulolytic bacteria in the in vitro degradation of straw cellulose

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kudo ◽  
K.-J. Cheng ◽  
J. W. Costerton
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Cellulose Digestion ◽  
Acid Generation ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Treponema Bryantii

To assess the contribution of individual bacterial species to the overall process of cellulose digestion in the rumen, cellulolytic bacteria (Bacteroides succinogenes and Ruminococcus albus) were tested as pure cultures and as cocultures with noncellulolytic Treponema bryantii. In studies of in vitro barley straw digestion, Treponema cocultures surpassed pure cultures of the cellulolytic organisms in dry matter disappearance, volatile fatty acid generation, and in the production of succinic acid, lactic acid, and ethanol. Morphological examination, by electron microscopy, showed that cells of T. bryantii associate with the plant cell wall materials in straw, but that cellulose digestion occurs only when these organisms are present with cellulolytic species such as B. succinogenes. These results show that cellulolytic bacteria interact with noncellulolytic Treponema to promote the digestion of cellulosic materials.

INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS AND FERTILIZERS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF SPRING BARLEY WITH ADDITIONAL SOWING OF PERENNIAL GRASSES

10.35523/2307 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Presowing Treatment

Two-factor field experiment was carried out at the research and training station of Ivanovo State Agricultural Academy in 2015-2017. The aim of the research was to establish cooperation effect of various biological products and modified mineral fertilizers on the productivity of spring barley with additional sowing of perennial grasses. As a result of the studies, it was found that the highest average yield of barley grain - 2.13 t / ha, was revealed in the conditions of timothy grass additional sowing as a sub-cover crop. At the same time, the combination of biological preparations Mizorin + Rizoagrin proved to be most effective; on average, the yield of grain and straw with this combination was 2.33 t / ha and 3.42 t / ha, respectively. When choosing meadow clover as a sub-cover crop, the maximum data on grain and barley straw yields of 2.92 t / ha and 4.26 t / ha, respectively, were obtained from the use of combination of biological products Mycorrhiza + Rizoagrin on the background of modified fertilizers. Under conditions of sowing a mixture of clover and timothy, the highest yields of grain and barley straw were 2.94 t / ha and 4.29 t / ha, respectively, obtained from the use of the biological product Rizoagrin on the background of modified fertilizers. In the course of the field experiment, positive data on additional income and profitability were obtained on most options, which were maximal in the conditions of replanting a mixture of herbs. Moreover, the largest value of the additional conditionally net income is 21.2 thousand rubles obtained from the use ofpreparation Rizoagrin on the background of modified fertilizers. And the highest profitability is 91.8 % in the absence of presowing treatment of seeds.

Study of the relation between straw quality and its colonization by rumen micro-organisms

1988 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siva Bhat ◽  
R. J. Wallace ◽  
E. R. Ørskov
Keyword(s):  
Barley Straw ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Butyrivibrio Fibrisolvens ◽  
Selenomonas Ruminantium ◽  
Cmcase Activity ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Micro Organisms

SummaryThe relation between the dry-matter degradability (DMD) of different cultivars of barley straw and their colonization by rumen micro-organisms was studied in incubations of straw with the mixed populationin situand with pure cultures of rumen bacteriain vitro.The total attached populationin situwas quantified by particle-associated i glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) activity, while the cellulolytic population was assessed by bound carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase) activity. CMCase reached a peak between 24 and 36 h incubation, and the peak activity was highly correlated with DMD between 24 ) and 96 h. After 36 h, CMCase activity declined, particularly with the more degradable (varieties. GDH continued to increase after 36 h and had no relation to DMD. The adhesion of pure cultures of both cellulolytic and non-cellulolytic bacteria was measured i turbidimetrically in a 30 min incubation. No relation was found between DMD and the extent of adhesion by any ofRuminococcus flavefaciens, Bacteroides succinogenes,Butyrivibrio fibrisolvensorSelenomonas ruminantium.It was concluded the rate of degradation of straw is not determined by the initial rate of attachment of cellulolytic micro-organisms, but by the way in which colonization subsequently develops after attachment takes place

scholarly journals ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF CULTIVATION OF GRAIN CROPS DEPENDING ON TILLAGE SYSTEMS AND FERTILIZER APPLICATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
Aleksey Ivenin ◽  
Yuliya Bogomolova ◽  
Aleksandr Sakov
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Grain Crop

The research was carried out in order to find new technological and technical solutions that ensure the economic efficiency of farming, stabilization and increase of crop yields due to the rotation of grain crop rotation in the conditions of the southeast of the Volga-Vyatka region. The field experience was established in 2014 in the Nizhny Novgorod region. Scientific research was carried out in the grain crop rotation: 1. mustard for seeds 2. winter wheat; 3. soy; 4. spring wheat; 5. peas; 6. oats. The scheme of the experiment included 5 tillage systems (factor A), which differ in the methods of the main finch tillage. For each tillage system, the effect of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N60P60K60 and destructors of plant residues (ammonium nitrate at a dose of 10 kg a.i. per 1 ton of straw and the biological product Stimix®Niva) was determined (factor B). All the studied tillage systems and applied mineral fertilizers with straw destructors allow for expanded agricultural production. The lowest conditional profitability of production was found for the traditional tillage system using a plow with dumps - 99.3 %, which is 34.6% lower than the conditional profitability in the field experiment variants using disking as the main autumn tillage - which provides the highest average conditional profitability of 133.9 %. The average conditional profitability of grain production using the No-till technology for the rotation of the grain crop rotation was 123.3 %, which is 24.0 % higher than the conditional profitability of traditional tillage and 10.6 % lower than that of the resource-saving technology of agricultural production using a disc harrow. At the same time, the direct sowing technology provides the highest absolute profitability of grain production for the rotation of a six-field crop rotation in the conditions of the southeast of the Volga-Vyatka region when cultivating crops according to N60P60K60 background together with the use of the biological product Stimix®Niva – 170.9 %

scholarly journals The Role of Post-grain Residues in Increasing Soil Fertility

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
E. Allahverdiev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

The analysis of the condition of the areas after sowing grain. The results of the influence of organic and mineral fertilizers under various irrigation regimes are analyzed. Various fertilizer and watering options were investigated. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the soil was determined. The research results showed that with 3 irrigations during the growing season and fertilizer rates N120P150K150, the largest accumulation of grain residues occurs. Plant residues contribute to an increase in the content of organo-biological substances, as well as improving the water-physical properties of soils and increasing their fertility.

scholarly journals Fertilizers as an effective method of increasing the resistance of potatoes to diseases in the conditions of the steppe Volga region

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Anton Anatolievich Moiseev ◽  
Therisanio Hovard Nketso ◽  
Viktor Bisengalievich Narushev ◽  
Ivan Dmitrievich Eskov
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Potato Plants ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Positive Effect

The influence of mineral, organic and mineral fertilizers and biological products on increasing the resistance of potato plants to widespread diseases - late blight, alternariosis and rhizoctoniosis is considered. The positive effect of organic fertilizer Reasil and biological product Flavobacterin on the phytosanitary state of plants in crops and potato productivity is shown. The protective activity of these fertilizers against late blight and potato alternariosis was revealed, which made it possible to reduce the development and prevalence of diseases during the potato growing season compared to untreated options. The growth-promoting effect of Reasil and Flavobacterin on a crop was established; a significant effect in increasing the productivity of potato agrocenoses was noted.

Dynamics of CO2 emission from chernozems under agricultural use

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
M. Miroshnychenko ◽  
O. Siabruk
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Warm Period ◽  
Direct Seeding ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Organic Mineral ◽  
Mineral System

Aim. The comparison of the effect of hydrothermal conditions and various agricultural practices on the emission of CO 2 from chernozems in the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. The dynamics of the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions from chernozem calcic (typical chernozem – in Ukrainian classifi cation) was studied during the growing season of 2011–2012. The observations were based on two fi eld experiments with various methods of soil till- age (6–7 years from the beginning of the experiment) and fertilization systems (21–22 years from the beginning of the experiment). Particularly, plowing at 20–22 cm, disking at 10–12 cm, cultivation at 6–8 cm and direct seeding using Great Plains drill were studied among the soil tillage methods. Mineral system (N 45 P 50 K 45 ), organic system (manure 8 t/ha) and combined organic-mineral system (manure 8 t/ha + N 45 P 50 K 45 ) were studied among fertilization systems. The intensity of CO 2 fl ux was determined using the non-stationary respiratory chambers by the alkaline absorption method, with averaging of the results during the day and the frequency of once a month. Results. During the warm period, the emission of carbon dioxide from the soil changes dynamically depending on temperature and humidity. The maximum of emission coincides with the periods of warm summer showers in June-July, the minimum values are characteristic for the late autumn period. The total emission losses of carbon in chernozems over the vegetation period ranged from 480 to 910 kg/ha and varied depending on the methods of tillage ± (4.0–6.0) % and fertilization systems ± (3.8–7.1) %. The changes in the intensity of CO 2 emission from the soil under different methods of soil tillage are associated with hydrothermal regime and the depth of crop residues location. The biggest difference is observed im- mediately after tillage, but in the spring period the differences are only 12–25 %, and after drying of the top layer of soil become even less. Direct seeding technology provides the greatest emission of CO 2 from chernozem, which is fa- cilitated by better water regime and more complete mineralization of plant residues on the soil surface. Annual losses of carbon are the least under disking of soil at 10–12 cm. The changes in the intensity of CO 2 emission from the soil under different fertilization systems are associated with the involvement of the additional organic matter from plant residues and manure to the microbiological decomposition. The greatest emission was observed under the organic- mineral fertilization system, which increased the loss of carbon by 7–8 % in comparison with the mineral system in the unfavorable hydrothermal year and by 11–15 % in the more favorable year. These differences are observed mainly during the fi rst half of the growing season when there is a clear tendency to increase the intensity of soil respiration. Conclusions. The hydrothermal conditions of the warm period of the year are decisive in the formation of the CO 2 emission fl ow from chernozems. Due to the improvement of agricultural practices, emissions might be reduced but not more that by 15 % of natural factor contribution.

CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY ELEMENTS INFLUENCE ON NEW SPRING BARLEY BREWING VARIETIES YIELDS

1970 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
O. A. Artyukhova ◽  
O. V. Gladysheva ◽  
V. A. Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Mass Growth ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
Cultivation Technology

The effect of applying various norms of mineral fertilizers on the biological indicators of crop plants during their growth and development in the Central non-black earth region in 2017-2019 was studied on the varieties of spring barley Vladimir, Reliable and Yaromir.such indicators as plant height, photosynthetic apparatus area, green mass growth, and elements of the yield structure were Studied. It was revealed that on average during the growing season, when the norms of mineral fertilizers were increased, the area of leaf plates increased and, as a result, the increase in green mass growth relative to the control variants increased by 56.3 % at (NРК)30, 82.3 % at (NРК)60, and 126.7 % at (NРК)90. The introduction of mineral fertilizers also influenced the formation of the crop structure. There was an increase in the tillering coefficient of varieties by 15.7%, 5.7 % and 21.3 % (Vladimir, Reliable and Yaromir, respectively) relative to the control, an increase in the number of grains in the ear from 15.1 to 22.4 PCs., the weight of 1000 grains from 48.0 to 55.7 g. and the weight of grain per ear from 0.7 to 1.2 g. There was a strong correlation between the doses of mineral fertilizers and the grain yield from + 0.80 to +1.0, and the variability was calculated.      

Selection of drought-resistant crops for South Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
V. V. Gamayunova ◽  
L. H. Khonenko ◽  
M. I. Fedorchuk ◽  
O. A. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Drought Resistant

The cultivation expediency of more drought-resistant crops, in particular sorghum, millet, false flax, safflower and others, instead of sunflower in the area of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine is substantiated. This is, first of all, required by climate change both in Ukraine and in the world. Since 2004, researches of field crops were carried out in the conditions of the Educational and Scientific Practical Center of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University. Soil phase is the southern chernozem with humus content in the 0–30 cm soil layer which consist of 2.96–3.21 %, with medium and high level of availability of mobile phosphorus and potassium and low – mobile nitrogen. Experiments with soriz (Oksamyt hybrid) were conducted during 2004–2006, millet (Tavriiske, Kostantynivske, Skhidnevarieties) in 2008–2010, grain sorghum (Stepovyi 5 hybrid) in 2014–2016, safflower dye (Lahidnyi variety) in 2017–2019. The years of research differed significantly in temperature and even more in the amount of precipitation before sowing and during the growing season of crops. However, the weather conditions were typical of the Southern Steppe zone of Ukraine. It is established that all studied drought-resistant crops respond positively to nutrition optimization – the level of yield and quality of grain or seeds increases. It was found that the soriz productivity depending on the application of fertilizers and sowing dates increased by 37.6–39.2 %, millet –by 33.3–41.6 %, grain sorghum depending on the background of nutrition and growing conditions – by 8.2–33.2 %, dye safflower – by 11.1–64.6 %. It was determined that the optimization of nutrition of cultivated crops allows to increase their resistance to adverse conditions and productivity in the case of application of low doses of the mineral fertilizers before sowing, pre-sowing treatment of seeds, and growth-regulating chemical application of plants on the main stages of the growing season. Key words: drought-resistant plants, climatic conditions, nutrition optimization, yield, crop quality, varieties, sowing dates.

Dynamics of 15N in two soil–plant systems following incorporation of 10% bloom and full bloom field pea

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Jans-Hammermeister ◽  
W. B. McGill ◽  
T. L. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Green Manuring ◽  
Barley Crop

The distribution and dynamics of 15N following green manuring of 15N-labelled 10% bloom and full bloom field pea (Pisum sativum ’Sirius’) were investigated in the soil mineral N, microbial N and non-microbial organic N (NMO-N) fractions and in a subsequent barley crop at two contrasting field sites in central Alberta: one on a Chernozemic (Dark Brown) soil near Provost and the other on a Luvisolic (Gray Luvisol) soil near Rimbey. Soils and plants were sampled four times during a 1-yr period. The 10% bloom and full bloom pea shoots were similar in dry matter production and N and C content. More N was, however, released from the younger pea residues directly following soil incorporation, which we attributed to a larger proportion of labile components. Barley yield, N content and 15N recovery in the grain were not influenced by legume bloom stage at incorporation, although significantly more 15N was recovered in the barley straw and roots of the full bloom treatment. Incorporation of full bloom legumes resulted in closer synchrony between the appearance of legume-derived mineral 15N and early N demand by the barley crop. The decay rate constants for the recalcitrant fraction of the legume residues were not significantly influenced by bloom stage or site over the time intervals of our observations and are, thus, consistent with the theory that decomposition of the recalcitrant fraction of plant residues can be described by a single exponential equation. Key words:15N, legume green manuring, Pisum sativum, decomposition

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