scholarly journals SPECIFICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SPATIAL PLANNING STRUCTURE OF KHARKOV FROM 1922–1955

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
M. Bystrickaya
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
City Structure ◽  
The City

The article is a continuation of the research devoted to the evolution of the spatial planning structure of Kharkiv. 1922-1955 is an important period of development of the city structure of Kharkiv. There is a rapid growth of the urban fabric, new construction is being intensively carried out, and historical buildings are being reconstructed. Industrial enterprises, administrative, public and residential buildings, scientific and medical institutions are being built. The historically established spatial planning structure is further developed considering pre-design schemes and the provisions of master plans. In the same period, the city-wide structure undergoes large-scale destruction as a result of military operations, the consequences of which are eliminated during the years of reconstruction. The role of the first and second master plans in the development of the overall urban planning system of the city is analyzed. The stages of transformation of the spatial planning structure of Kharkov as an administrative, industrial and scientific center are revealed. This transformation is conditioned by such factors as landscape-geographical, socio-economic and political. The logic of growth in the radial direction of the planning structure of the city is revealed. The location of Kharkiv's architectural ensembles is recorded.

scholarly journals Determinants of SEA effectiveness: an empirical investigation over municipal spatial planning in Sardinia

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea De Montis ◽  
Antonio Ledda ◽  
Amedeo Ganciu ◽  
Mario Barra ◽  
Simone Caschili
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Landscape Planning ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Master Plan ◽  
Planning Tool ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
First Results ◽  
Regional Landscape ◽  
Municipal Level

The late formal tradition of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) European Directive into the Italian planning system has so far induced a variety of behaviour of administrative bodies and planning agencies involved. In Italy and Sardinia, a new approach to landscape planning is characterizing spatial planning practice from the regional to the municipal level. Currently municipalities are adjusting their master plan to the prescriptions of the regional landscape planning instrument (in Italian, Piano Paesaggistico Regionale, PPR), according to processes that have to be integrated with a proper SEA development. With respect to this background, the aim of this paper is to assess the level of SEA implementation on the master plans of Sardinia six years after the approval of the PPR. The first results show that many municipalities are not provided with a master plan (in Italian, Piano Urbanistico Comunale, PUC) and they have in force just an old planning tool. Moreover, just some municipalities have adapted the PUC to the PPR carrying out a SEA process.

scholarly journals Architecture of modern coastal development. Saint Petersburg realias and experience of Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Hamburg

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 05022
Author(s):  
Fedor Perov ◽  
Leonid Lavrov ◽  
Aleksandra Eremeeva
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Coastal Development ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Gulf Of Finland ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
City Center ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
The City ◽  
The Gulf Of Finland

Results of the first stage of territory development in the Gulf of Finland near the western coast of Vasilyevsky Island in Saint Petersburg are rated unsatisfactory. Results in the field of aesthetics, ecology, social stability and functional arrangement of the urban environment on new lands are negative. According to the analysis of experience in coastal areas' reconstruction in Amsterdam, Rotterdam and Hamburg, ambitious goals that were set for the project in Saint Petersburg were not achieved due to defects of the urban planning system — there was no centralized project management, activities of contractors, who neglected exclusive potential of the coastal area and its proximity to the historical core of the city, were insufficiently coordinated and controlled. It is argued that this is due to inertia of the Saint Petersburg design and construction system. During many years, it was focused on large-scale residential development of vast peripheral territories and, therefore, it was not capable to resolve issues related to development of highly urbanized environment in the city center. Omissions made during construction of a highway through the residential area are identified. The highway design does not provide reliable protection against negative impact on residential quarters. The route of the highway was designed as a bypass of the city center, but it became the shortest route to the center. It is noted that further development will offer opportunities for partial correction of the errors made. The new management team of the city architectural services considers the territory perspective for expansion of the Saint Petersburg center towards the water area of the Gulf of Finland.

scholarly journals Modern Landscape-Technical Structure of Vinnytsia City Territory

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Empirical Relationships ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Past ◽  
Technical Structure ◽  
Anthropogenic Systems ◽  
Modern Landscape ◽  
The City

Purpose. To identify the peculiarities of the modern landscape-technical structure of the city of Vinnytsia in order to improve the urban environment. Methods: systematization of facts, finding of empirical relationships, analytical and cartographic analysis, cartographic, field researches. Results. Vinnytsia is represented by a residential landscape-technical polysystem. Two landscape-technical urban systems are distinguished within the territory of the city: the residential located on undulating loess heights with gullies and ravines covered by oak-hornbeam forests on gray and light gray soils in past; and the industrial-residential located on a flat-undulating loess plateau with gray forest soils and podzolized black soils covered by hornbeam-oak forests in the past. In the structure of these urban systems there are floodplain water-recreational, slope forestry, watershed-road and watershed-field landscape-anthropogenic mesosystems, watersheds of low-rise residential buildings, sloping of low-rise residential buildings, floodplain-terrace of low-rise residential buildings, floodplain-terrace of medium multi-storey residential buildings, floodplain-terrace of industrial-residential buildings, sloping industrial-warehouse buildings, watershed industrial-warehouse buildings landscape-technical mesosystems, watercourse-hydropower, floodplain-pond fishery and floodplain water-recreational landscape-engineering mesosystems. Conclusion. It was found that landscape-technical mesosystems are dominant in the structure of modern landscapes of Vinnytsia, the smallest areas are under landscape-engineering mesosystems. Landscape-technical mesosystems of low-rise residential buildings are dominant by areas. They predominate also in the structure of landscape-technical mesosystems of Vinnytsia. To improve the urban environment, it is necessary to increase the area with landscape-anthropogenic systems of greenery, especially around rivers, roads and industrial enterprises.

scholarly journals Planning organization features of blocks of low-rise buildings in the structure of a big city irkutsk

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2015 ◽  
pp. 16-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Sergeevna Yagol’nik
Keyword(s):  
Housing Stock ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Major City ◽  
Planning Activity ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Big City ◽  
City Structure ◽  
The City ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Low-rise residential buildings of different types occupy 48 % of residential areas of Irkutsk, which is practically a half of the housing stock of the city. That’s why the researcj of its planning structure and understanding of the features of each type formation in the city structure is quite current. In the process of investigation three main types of low-rise residential buildings were detected: private residential houses with land parcel; apartment houses; town houses. The authors investigated architectural and planning features of forming the areas of low-rise buildings of three types in the structure of a major city Irkutsk. The investigation is carried out with the aim to study the characteristic conditions of planning activity of the existing quarters of low-rise residential buildings, search for qualitative characteristics of the investigated types in the conditions of a big city.

scholarly journals Effects of transformations in the urban structure on the quality of life of city residents in the context of recreation

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 61-68
Author(s):  
Hanna Hrehorowicz-Gaber
Keyword(s):  
Major Effect ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Urban Structure ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Garden Cities ◽  
Green Areas ◽  
City Structure ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The City ◽  
Nowa Huta

Abstract Accumulating over time, spatial transformations in Kraków have been changing the city’s structure. The contemporary image of the city is creating a new model of life and has a major effect on the functional and spatial conditions for its residents. Life in the city is dictated by the rhythm of daily routines, and the time of leisure has been reduced to a minimum. Less and less frequently are public and semi-private urban spaces used in the traditional manner and their number is decreasing. A considerable role in the decrease in the space for relaxation in the city is played by the purchasing power of money which is winning for itself the space for new residential estates. The disappearance of green areas can be best illustrated by the example of the green areas between Kraków and Nowa Huta. Historically, Nowa Huta was set up as an organism separate from Kraków. In 1956, Anna Ptaszycka presented a new plan for Kraków spatial development which curbed industrialisation and promoted Howard’s ideas of garden cities. In 1966, the largest park in that area was established, its basic function was to isolate Kraków from Nowa Huta and the steel plant there. As a result of the projects developed in recent years, the compact greenery is smaller, and more and more areas are being taken over for various projects. Spontaneous development of Kraków, without any master plans, for some small parts of city structure, is a huge threat to the preservation of existing leisure areas. Because of this, precise guidelines are needed for the intended use of areas neighbouring environmentally sensitive grounds, defining their type, scale and impact, in order to protect the landscape attractions which are amongst the desired recreational characteristics.

scholarly journals STALINGRAD TRACTOR PLANT AS A SPACE FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION AND CONSTRUCTIVISM

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-100
Author(s):  
A. G. Tokarev
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
Industrial Architecture ◽  
The City ◽  
Tractor Plant ◽  
Construction Works

The paper is devoted to Stalingrad Tractor Plant, one of the main plants of the Soviet industrialization. The spatial planning pattern of the plant, its settlements, industrial architecture, public and residential buildings are considered herein. Notably, that one of the largest tractor plants in the world was put into operation within the shortest time. Its construction gave a start to the urban development in the north which embodied the advanced ideas in the city planning and architecture of that time. Leading foreign and Russian experts were involved in design and construction works. It is shown that design solutions of residential areas (Upper and Lower) combine both the traditional and innovative principles of the city-planning in the 1920–30s, including the tractor plant and its settlements. It is concluded that whereas residential buildings the early 1930s are characterized by rationality, simplicity, public buildings are expressive and diverse, and represent consistent design principles. The attribution of other objects is also clarified in this paper.

Pollution of Moscow soils with potentially toxic elements: analysis of long-term monitoring data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Kosheleva ◽  
Angela Tsykhman
Keyword(s):  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Toxic Elements ◽  
Potentially Toxic Elements ◽  
Monitoring Data ◽  
Scale Transformation ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The City

<p>In megacities, the environment experiences a high anthropogenic press caused by emissions from vehicles and industrial enterprises. Soils are an important component of urban landscapes: they not only accumulate pollutants, but also can be a source of secondary pollution of atmosphere and groundwater. The aim of this work is to analyze the long-term dynamics of soil contamination with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in Moscow, as Moscow is one of the most polluted cities of Russia.</p><p>The basis for assessing the pollution of soils with As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Hg, Cu, Ni, Mn was the annual monitoring data for 2007-2016, which is obtained by the «Mosecomonitoring» institution and include more than 2000 points of observation. The accumulation of PTEs was characterized by a technogenic concentration factor Kc=Curb/Cb relative to the background Cb, which differed by three physiographic provinces. The total geochemical load on soils was estimated as Zc=∑Kc–(n–1), where n is the number of elements with Kc>1.</p><p>An analysis of the changes in the pollutant content in the soils of Moscow over the decade showed a twofold increase in the accumulation of Cu, Cd, As in the Central District and Cd in the Western and Northwest ones, as well as As in the northeastern part of the city by 1.4–2.3 times. In all districts, a tendency toward a decrease in pollution with Zn, Pb, and Hg was revealed. Compared with 2007, in 2016, the average content of all PTEs in the soils of the city decreased or remained unchanged, except for As.</p><p>The spatial distribution of PTEs in Moscow soils is controlled by the intensity and geochemical specialization of pollution sources, and varies due to soil properties. Central, Eastern, South-Eastern Districts are leading in terms of Cu and Pb pollution. Central and South-Eastern Districts are distinguished by Hg pollution. Central, North-Eastern, South-Eastern, and Southern Districts are most polluted with Zn and Cd. Soils in the southern part of Moscow are most enriched in Ni. High concentrations of As are characterized by soils of light grain-size composition with a high content of organic matter.</p><p>The highest values of the total soil pollution index Zc are characteristic for the Central and South-Eastern Districts, the lowest ones – for the Western and North-Western Districts. Analysis of Zc maps for 2007-2016 showed a decrease in soil pollution. In 2007, uncontaminated soils occupied 35.3% of the city’s area; slightly medium, and heavily polluted – 33%, 22.8% and 9.4% respectively. In 2016, this sequence was as follows: 65%, 22.7%, 11%, and 1.3%. This trend is associated with a decrease in industrial production in Moscow, the removal of harmful industries outside the city and the renovation of enterprises remaining in the capital, as well as with a reduction in emissions from vehicles. Changes in the location of man-made geochemical anomalies in soils reflect leveling in the pollution from vehicles due to the construction of new housing and the large-scale transformation of Moscow regions with a decrease in traffic in the center (Bityukova, Mozgunov, 2019).</p>

scholarly journals Stalingrad in the late 1920s – early 1930s: Population, Housing and Communal services, City Improvement

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
Ekaterina L. Furman ◽  
Andrei V. Lunochkin ◽  
Taisiya V. Yudina
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Past ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
The City

Introduction. The implementation of large-scale projects to improve Volgograd in modern conditions actualizes the appeal to the experience of modernization in the past years and, in particular, to the active transformation of the urban environment at the first stage of the socialist reconstruction of the national economy in Stalingrad. The article identifies a range of problems in the housing and communal sector and the welfare of the city, methods and conditions for their resolution. Materials and Methods. The study is based on both general scientific and concrete historical methods. In the process, the authors draw on unpublished sources storing in the fund documents representing the new and recent history of the Volgograd region and representing materials of paperwork documentation of local authorities. Results. In the late 1920s – early 1930s. Stalingrad survived the first stage of socialist reconstruction, during which a huge number of industrial enterprises appeared, which were reconstructed, new industrial facilities were launched – the flagships of the first five-year plan. Problems of development of housing and communal services, transport, the delivery of new tasks in the framework of urban improvement, which will operate during the 1930s systemically resolved. Conclusion. Despite the priority goals of industrial modernization, in the conditions of the rapid growth of the urban population, all the necessary resources were provided to the population of the city to expand the housing stock, develop communal services, and transport. Along with the development of industry, the problem of employment has been resolved.

scholarly journals STUDY OF RESIDENTIAL SETTLEMENTS TOWARDS SPATIAL IN PASSO REGION, AMBON CITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-89
Author(s):  
W S Pinoa
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Spatial Planning ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Building Permit ◽  
The City

Passo region is in accordance with the results of observation, many residential buildings are located in protected areas, commensurate with the coast, commensurate with rivers and around the spring, as well as buildings that do not have a building permit. IMB seems easy to obtain without taking into account the City Planning and Spatial Planning. Hence why, the writer cunducting the research with the title “Study of Residential Settlements Towards Spatial in Passo Region, Ambon City”

scholarly journals Projektowanie struktury przestrzeni publicznej jednostek urbanistycznych jako warunek skutecznego przekształcenia terenów poprzemysłowych na przykładzie obszaru Pelcowizny w Warszawie

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-111
Author(s):  
Paweł Trębacz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Industrial Areas ◽  
The Public ◽  
Master Plans ◽  
Effective Development ◽  
Post Industrial ◽  
The City

W obecnie funkcjonującym systemie planistycznym brakuje opracowań pozwalających na określenie głównej struktury przestrzennej większych jednostek urbanistycznych. W wyniku analizy procesu planowania struktury przestrzeni publicznej i czynników wpływających na skuteczne przekształcenie terenów poprzemysłowych autorzy dowodzą, że właściwym narzędziem do przekształcenia większych i zintegrowanych jednostek urbanistycznych miasta byłby odpowiednik dawnego planu ogólnego. Podstawową treścią, która powinna być zawarta w takim planie jest struktura funkcjonalno-przestrzenna, definiująca w szczególności formę i układ przestrzeni publicznej miasta. Analizowane w tekście przykłady planów Pelcowizny o charakterze ogólnym w powiązaniu z planem operacyjnym, w których wyodrębniono hierarchiczne struktury przestrzenne, wykazują konieczność objęcia ogólnymi wytycznymi całej jednostki urbanistycznej i są przykładem na jej efektywniejsze zagospodarowanie. Artykuł kończy propozycja metody dotyczącej sposobu konstruowania struktury przestrzeni publicznej miasta i warunkującej skuteczne przekształcenie terenów poprzemysłowych. Designing of the public space structure of urban units as the condition for effective transformations of post-industrial zone on the example of Pelcowizna area in Warsaw In the currently functioning planning system there is a lack of studies enabling to determine the main spatial structure of larger urban units. As a result of the analysis of the process of planning the public space structure and the factors influencing the effective transformation of post-industrial areas, the authors argue that the appropriate tool for the transformation of larger and integrated urban units of the city would be an equivalent of the former master plan. The basic content that should be included in such a plan is the functional and spatial structure, defining in particular the form and the layout of the city’s public space. The examples of master plans of Pelcowizna area in conjunction with the development plan analyzed in the text, in which hierarchical spatial structures have been distinguished, show the necessity to cover the entire urban unit with general guidelines and are an example of its more effective development. The article ends with a proposal of a method concerning the manner of constructing the city’s public space structure and being a condition for an effective transformation of post-industrial areas.

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