OBTAINING FILLED POLYURETHANE FOAM WITH IMPROVED OPERATIONAL PROPERTIES

One of the most important advantages of polyurethane foam is the ability of single-stage production. Foaming and curing of this heat insulation does not require the supply of heat in connection with the exothermic fusion reaction that occurs when two or more liquid components are mixed, with simultaneous adhering of polyurethane foam to various surfaces due to good adhesion to almost any material. At the same time, this foam polymer has a low density and is able to withstand quite large loads. Thermal insulation material with improved performance properties can be obtained with a careful selection of the granulometric and chemical composition of raw materials. This paper presents a brief overview of the foaming and shaping of polyurethane, examines the structure of developed composite insulation, and establishes the dependence of the foaming ratio of polyurethane foam on the granulometric composition of fillers, including man-made (waste mining industry Stoylensky GOK). The research results show that in the process of forming filled polyurethane foams, chemical reactions between the components of the polyurethane foam and the elements of the fillers do not occur. The foaming process depends mainly on the granulometry of the filler and its percentage in the total mass of polyurethane foam.

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Numerical Studies of the Viscosity of Reacting Polyurethane Foam with Experimental Validation

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12010105 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

Kay Schäfer ◽

Daisy Nestler ◽

Jürgen Tröltzsch ◽

Ikenna Ireka ◽

Dariusz Niedziela ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polyurethane Foam ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

Mathematical Framework ◽

Physical Conditions ◽

Transfer Processes ◽

Linear Partial Differential Equations ◽

Low Viscosity ◽

Numerical Studies

Products made of polyurethane foam are manufactured by the chemical reaction of various low-viscosity raw materials and additives. The diversity of different formulations to meet the requirements of the market makes the characterization of their processing and flow properties important for a simple and error-free production. The modeling and simulation of such processes are equally of great importance. This provides additional findings without the expense of real tests and makes it easier to design components. The work described in this paper was carried out against this background. An experimental setup using a rheometer was developed to determine the flow and curing properties of reacting polyurethane foam reproducibly with comparable expansion conditions to industrial processes. The experiment was mathematically modelled to investigate the rheology of reacting polyurethane foams. The mathematical framework consists of coupled, non-linear, partial differential equations for the dynamics and the heat transfer processes in the system. These are solved numerically in 3D using finite volume techniques under adequate physical conditions. The accuracy of two viscosity laws according to the state of the art and their novel combination were investigated in this context. The proposed viscosity model of this study provides accurate results compared to the experiment.

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Enhancing the Fire Safety and Smoke Safety of Bio–Based Rigid Polyurethane Foam via Inserting a Reactive Flame Retardant Containing P@N and Blending Silica Aerogel Powder

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13132140 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (13) ◽

pp. 2140

Author(s):

Guangxu Bo ◽

Xiaoling Xu ◽

Xiaoke Tian ◽

Jiao Wu ◽

Yunjun Yan

Keyword(s):

Flame Retardant ◽

Polyurethane Foam ◽

Silica Aerogel ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

Insulation Material ◽

Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽

Total Heat Release ◽

Building Insulation ◽

Reactive Flame Retardant

Rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) are widely used in many fields, but they are easy to burn and produce a lot of smoke, which seriously endangers the safety of people’s lives and property. In this study, tetraethyl(1,5–bis(bis(2–hydroxypropyl)amino)pentane–1,5–diyl)bis(phosphonate) (TBPBP), as a phosphorus–nitrogen–containing reactive–type flame retardant, was successfully synthesized and employed to enhance the flame retardancy of RPUFs, and silica aerogel (SA) powder was utilized to reduce harmful fumes. Castor oil–based rigid polyurethane foam containing SA powder and TBPBP was named RPUF–T45@SA20. Compared with neat RPUF, the obtained RPUF–T45@SA20 greatly improved with the compressive strength properties and the LOI value increased by 93.64% and 44.27%, respectively, and reached the V–0 rank of UL–94 testing. The total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) of RPUF–T45@SA20 were, respectively, reduced by 44.66% and 51.89% compared to those of the neat RPUF. A possible flame–retardant mechanism of RPUF–T45@SA20 was also proposed. This study suggested that RPUF incorporated with TBPBP and SA powder is a prosperous potential composite for fire and smoke safety as a building insulation material.

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Development of Innovative Polyol Systems From Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate and Renewable Raw Materials for Rigid Polyurethane Foams

10.7250/9789934225253 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Aiga Ivdre

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

Raw Material ◽

Insulation Material ◽

Recycled Pet ◽

Renewable Raw Materials ◽

Material Resources ◽

Pu Foam ◽

Renewable Raw Material ◽

Pu Foams

The Thesis aims to develop innovative polyols suitable for the production of rigid PU foam from recycled PET flakes and renewable raw material resources (rapeseed oil and tall oil) and to evaluate the effect of polyols on the most important properties of rigid PU foams as a thermal insulation material.

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Polyol from spent coffee grounds: Performance in a model pour-in-place rigid polyurethane foam system

Journal of Cellular Plastics ◽

10.1177/0021955x20912204 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 630-645 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ibrahim Sendijarevic ◽

Karol W Pietrzyk ◽

Christi M. Schiffman ◽

Vahid Sendijarevic ◽

Alper Kiziltas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polyurethane Foam ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Intact Cell ◽

Cell Structure ◽

Acid Value ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

Rigid Polyurethane Foam ◽

Spent Coffee Grounds ◽

Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽

Coffee Grounds

The objective of this study was to produce a polyol from spent coffee grounds via acid liquification process that meets performance requirements for use in polyurethane applications. The spent coffee grounds based polyol was characterized and evaluated on a fully catalyzed model rigid polyurethane foam system. The pH of the polyol was 6.8, acid value 4.12 mg KOH/g, and hydroxyl value 302.6 mg KOH/g, which are in the range of polyols used in rigid polyurethane foams. The reactivity study confirmed enhanced reactivity of the spent coffee grounds polyol compared to standard sucrose-glycerol initiated polyether polyols, which can be attributed to higher content of primary reactive hydroxyls. Scanning electron microscopy microphotographs of the foams prepared with 10%, 20%, and 30% spent coffee grounds polyol based on total polyols in the formulation revealed a drained dodecahedron type cell structure with intact cell windows as a clear indication of the closed cell structure typical for the rigid polyurethane foams used in thermal insulation applications. Results of this study confirmed the feasibility to produce polyols from spent coffee grounds with performance characteristics suitable for polyurethane application. The fact that spent coffee grounds are readily available industrial waste generated in instant coffee manufacturing, makes this biomass residue a sustainable source of raw materials for scalable production of polyols for polyurethanes.

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Advances in Low-Density Flexible Polyurethane Foams by Optimized Incorporation of High Amount of Recycled Polyol

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13111736 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 1736

Author(s):

Gabriel Kiss ◽

Gerlinde Rusu ◽

Geza Bandur ◽

Iosif Hulka ◽

Daniel Romecki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polyurethane Foam ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

Low Density ◽

Emission Data ◽

Polyurethane Waste ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Foam Properties ◽

Flexible Polyurethane ◽

First Time

An industrially manufactured recycled polyol, obtained by acidolysis process, was for the first time proved to be a possible replacement of the reference fossil-based polyol in a low-density formulation suitable for industrial production of flexible polyurethane foams. The influence of increasing recycled polyol amounts on the properties of the polyurethane foam has been studied, also performing foam emission tests to evaluate the environmental impact. Using 10 pbw recycled polyol in the standard formulation, significant differences of the physical properties were not observed, but increase of the recycled polyol amount to 30 pbw led to a dramatic decrease of the foam air flow and a very tight foam. To overcome this drawback, N,N′-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]urea was selected as tertiary amine catalyst, enabling the preservation of foam properties even at high recycled polyol level (30 pbw). Foam emission data demonstrated that this optimized foam formulation also led to an important reduction of volatile organic compounds. The results open the way for further optimization studies in low-density flexible polyurethane foam formulations, to increase the reutilization of the polyurethane waste and reduce the amount of petroleum-based raw materials.

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Study of Effect of Higher Temperature on the Properties of a New Silicate-Based Thermal Insulation Material

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.409-410.584 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 409-410 ◽

pp. 584-588

Author(s):

Lenka Mészárosová ◽

Rostislav Drochytka ◽

Eva Tůmová

Keyword(s):

Thermal Resistance ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Building Envelope ◽

Production Costs ◽

Insulation Material ◽

Porous Concrete ◽

New Material ◽

High Thermal Resistance ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

Selection Of

This article studies the possibilities of using lightweight porous concrete, which is intended for insulation of thermally intensive equipment and the effect of its use under specific circumstances on the change of the building envelope thermal resistance. The material should combine benefits of the porous and foamed concretes produced so far (low bulk density, high thermal resistance, low production costs) with higher thermal resistance. The benefit of the new material is its ability to also perform at higher temperatures due to the selection of suitable raw materials.

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Absorptive and Biodegraded Polyurethane Foamed Urea

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.131 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 152-153 ◽

pp. 131-135

Author(s):

Jian Li ◽

Xun Zhang Yu ◽

Kai Zhang

Keyword(s):

Polyurethane Foam ◽

Slow Release ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

Carrier Material ◽

Konjac Flour ◽

Flexible Polyurethane ◽

Polyether Polyol

In this article, konjac flour, super absorptive resin and pellet urea were added into flexible polyurethane foamed plastic with polyether polyol and isocyanate as the raw materials by a new water-foamed technology to manufacture a kind of absorptive and biodegraded polyurethane foamed fertilizer. Polyurethane foam was used as a carrier material and konjac flour was used as a biodegradable agent. The results showed that the slow-release velocity of urea could be controlled by regulating the densities of polyurethane foams, the content of konjac flour and super absorptive resin. The carrier material could be degraded konjac flour by naturally.

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Vegetable Fillers and Rapeseed Oil-Based Polyol as Natural Raw Materials for the Production of Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14071772 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1772

Author(s):

Milena Leszczyńska ◽

Elżbieta Malewska ◽

Joanna Ryszkowska ◽

Maria Kurańska ◽

Michał Gloc ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rapeseed Oil ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Cell Structure ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Renewable Raw Materials ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Rigid Polyurethane Foams ◽

Foaming Process ◽

Reported Study

The reported study concerns the introduction of renewable raw materials into the formulation of rigid polyurethane foams in the quest for the sustainable development of polymer composites. In this study, rigid polyurethane foam composites were prepared using 75 wt.% of rapeseed oil-based polyol and 15 parts per hundred parts of polyol (php) of natural fillers such as chokeberry pomace, raspberry seeds, as well as hazelnut and walnut shells. The influence of the used raw materials on the foaming process, structure, and properties of foams was investigated using a FOAMAT analyzer and a wide selection of characterization techniques. The introduction of renewable raw materials limited reactivity of the system, which reduced maximum temperature of the foaming process. Moreover, foams prepared using renewable raw materials were characterized by a more regular cell structure, a higher share of closed cells, lower apparent density, lower compressive strength and glass transition temperature, low friability (<2%), low water absorption (<1%), high dimensional stability (<±0.5%) and increased thermal stability. The proper selection and preparation of the renewable raw materials and the rational development of the polyurethane recipe composition allow for the preparation of environmentally-friendly foam products with beneficial application properties considering the demands of the circular economy in the synthesis of rigid foams.

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A greener and sustainable approach for converting polyurethane foam rejects into superior polyurethane coatings

10.31221/osf.io/k3n2u ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chem Int

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Polyurethane Foam ◽

Sebacic Acid ◽

Polyurethane Foams ◽

Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽

Alkali Resistance ◽

Microwave Reaction ◽

P Recycling ◽

Amine Groups ◽

Green Polymer

Recycling is a crucial area of research in green polymer chemistry. Various developments in recycling are driven by Environmental concerns, interest in sustainability and desire to decrease the dependence on non-renewable petroleum based materials. Polyurethane foams [PUF] are widely used due to their light weight and superior heat insulation as well as good mechanical properties. As per survey carried Polyurethane Foam Association, 12 metric tonnes of polyurethane foam are discharged during manufacturing and/or processing and hence recycling of PUF is necessary for better economics and ecological reasons. In present study, rejects of PUF is subjected to reaction with a diethylene amine in presence of sodium hydroxide [NaOH] as catalyst, as a result depolymerised product containing hydroxyl and amine groups is obtained. Conventional and Microwave reaction for depolymerizing polyurethane foam have been carried, and best results are obtained by Microwave reaction. Further depolymerised product with hydroxyl and amine functionalities are reacted with bis (2-hydroxyethyl terephthalate) [BHET] obtained by recycling polyethylene terephthalate [PET] and sebacic acid, with stannous oxalate [FASCAT 2100 series] as catalyst to obtain Polyester amides. These Polyester amides having hydroxyl and amino groups in excess are cured with isocyanates-hexamethylene diisocyanate biuret [HDI biuret] and isophorone diisocyanate [IPDI] for coating applications. The coated films are characterized using physical, mechanical and chemical tests, which shows comparable physical, mechanical properties but alkali resistance is poor.

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BÖHLER W403 VMR

Alloy Digest ◽

10.31399/asm.ad.ts0721 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 62 (9) ◽

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Tool Steel ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Heat Treating ◽

Diffusion Annealing ◽

Selection Of

Abstract Böhler (or Boehler) W403 VMR is a tool steel with outstanding properties, based not only on a modified chemical composition, but on the selection of highly clean raw materials for melting, remelting under vacuum (VMF), optimized diffusion annealing, and a special heat treatment. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming and heat treating. Filing Code: TS-721. Producer or source: Böhler Edelstahl GmbH.

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