scholarly journals The Impact of Moderate Physical Exercise on the Rheological and Biochemical Properties of Blood in Osteoarthritis Patients Who Are Regular Winter Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Strzelczyk ◽  
Aneta Teległów ◽  
Jakub Marchewka ◽  
Bartłomiej Ptaszek ◽  
Anna Marchewka
Keyword(s):  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Rheological Parameters ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of moderate physical exercise on selected blood parameters in regular winter swimmers who suffer from osteoarthritis. The study covered a period of 6 months, from November to April, and was carried out on 17 women and 22 men. The participants were divided into 4 groups: Female CWI – women who only immersed themselves in cold water, Female CWI + PE – women who exercised in addition to water immersion, Male CWI – men who only immersed themselves in cold water, and Male CWI + PE – men, who exercised in addition to water immersion. Venous blood was collected twice, before and after the exercise program. A statistically significant decrease in fibrinogen, plasma viscosity, T ½ , and AMP was observed in the blood of people who did not take part in the physical exercise program while a significant decrease in cortisol levels was observed in the people who participated in the exercise program in addition to cold water immersion. In terms of rheological parameters, a significant increase in the elongation index (EI) of erythrocytes from shear stress 2.19 Pa in all groups was observed. There were no statistically significant changes in AI in all groups. Physical activity has an influence on the blood parameters of elderly winter swimmers suffering from osteoarthritis.

The Impact of Cold-Water Immersion on Power Production in the Vertical Jump and the Benefits of a Dynamic Exercise Warm-Up

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 3313-3317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick G Dixon ◽  
William J Kraemer ◽  
Jeff S Volek ◽  
Robert L Howard ◽  
Ana L Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Dynamic Exercise ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
The Impact

Muscle glycogen utilization during shivering thermogenesis in humans

1988 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 2046-2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Martineau ◽  
I. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Shivering Thermogenesis

The purpose of the present study was to clarify the importance of skeletal muscle glycogen as a fuel for shivering thermogenesis in humans during cold-water immersion. Fourteen seminude subjects were immersed to the shoulders in 18 degrees C water for 90 min or until rectal temperature (Tre) decreased to 35.5 degrees C. Biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle and venous blood samples were obtained before and immediately after the immersion. Metabolic rate increased during the immersion to 3.5 +/- 0.3 (SE) times resting values, whereas Tre decreased by 0.9 degrees C to approximately 35.8 degrees C at the end of the immersion. Intramuscular glycogen concentration in the vastus lateralis decreased from 410 +/- 15 to 332 +/- 18 mmol glucose/kg dry muscle, with each subject showing a decrease (P less than 0.001). Plasma volume decreased (P less than 0.001) markedly during the immersion (-24 +/- 1%). After correcting for this decrease, blood lactate and plasma glycerol levels increased by 60 (P less than 0.05) and 38% (P less than 0.01), respectively, whereas plasma glucose levels were reduced by 20% after the immersion (P less than 0.001). The mean expiratory exchange ratio showed a biphasic pattern, increasing initially during the first 30 min of the immersion from 0.80 +/- 0.06 to 0.85 +/- 0.05 (P less than 0.01) and decreasing thereafter toward basal values. The results demonstrate clearly that intramuscular glycogen reserves are used as a metabolic substrate to fuel intensive thermogenic shivering activity of human skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Cold water immersion enhances recovery of submaximal muscle function after resistance exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (8) ◽  
pp. R998-R1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Llion A. Roberts ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
Jeff S. Coombes ◽  
Jonathan M. Peake
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Muscle Function ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Training Adaptations

We investigated the effect of cold water immersion (CWI) on the recovery of muscle function and physiological responses after high-intensity resistance exercise. Using a randomized, cross-over design, 10 physically active men performed high-intensity resistance exercise followed by one of two recovery interventions: 1) 10 min of CWI at 10°C or 2) 10 min of active recovery (low-intensity cycling). After the recovery interventions, maximal muscle function was assessed after 2 and 4 h by measuring jump height and isometric squat strength. Submaximal muscle function was assessed after 6 h by measuring the average load lifted during 6 sets of 10 squats at 80% of 1 repetition maximum. Intramuscular temperature (1 cm) was also recorded, and venous blood samples were analyzed for markers of metabolism, vasoconstriction, and muscle damage. CWI did not enhance recovery of maximal muscle function. However, during the final three sets of the submaximal muscle function test, participants lifted a greater load ( P < 0.05, Cohen's effect size: 1.3, 38%) after CWI compared with active recovery. During CWI, muscle temperature decreased ∼7°C below postexercise values and remained below preexercise values for another 35 min. Venous blood O2 saturation decreased below preexercise values for 1.5 h after CWI. Serum endothelin-1 concentration did not change after CWI, whereas it decreased after active recovery. Plasma myoglobin concentration was lower, whereas plasma IL-6 concentration was higher after CWI compared with active recovery. These results suggest that CWI after resistance exercise allows athletes to complete more work during subsequent training sessions, which could enhance long-term training adaptations.

Physiological Responses to Cold Water Immersion Following Cycling in the Heat

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shona L. Halson ◽  
Marc J. Quod ◽  
David T. Martin ◽  
Andrew S. Gardner ◽  
Tammie R. Ebert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Reactive Protein

Cold water immersion (CWI) has become a popular means of enhancing recovery from various forms of exercise. However, there is minimal scientific information on the physiological effects of CWI following cycling in the heat.Purpose:To examine the safety and acute thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, metabolic, endocrine, and inflammatory responses to CWI following cycling in the heat.Methods:Eleven male endurance trained cyclists completed two simulated ~40-min time trials at 34.3 ± 1.1°C. All subjects completed both a CWI trial (11.5°C for 60 s repeated three times) and a control condition (CONT; passive recovery in 24.2 ± 1.8°C) in a randomized cross-over design. Capillary blood samples were assayed for lactate, glucose, pH, and blood gases. Venous blood samples were assayed for catecholamines, cortisol, testosterone, creatine kinase, C-reactive protein, IL-6, and IGF-1 on 7 of the 11 subjects. Heart rate (HR), rectal (Tre), and skin temperatures (Tsk) were measured throughout recovery.Results:CWI elicited a significantly lower HR (CWI: Δ116 ± 9 bpm vs. CONT: Δ106 ± 4 bpm; P = .02), Tre (CWI: Δ1.99 ± 0.50°C vs. CONT: Δ1.49 ± 0.50°C; P = .01) and Tsk. However, all other measures were not significantly different between conditions. All participants subjectively reported enhanced sensations of recovery following CWI.Conclusion:CWI did not result in hypothermia and can be considered safe following high intensity cycling in the heat, using the above protocol. CWI significantly reduced heart rate and core temperature; however, all other metabolic and endocrine markers were not affected by CWI.

Comparison of Between-Training-Sessions Recovery Strategies for World-Class BMX Pilots

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie-Anne Marquet ◽  
Christophe Hausswirth ◽  
Arnaud Hays ◽  
Fabrice Vettoretti ◽  
Jeanick Brisswalter
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Cycling Performance ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
National Team ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
World Class ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
The Impact

Purpose:To assess the impact of between-training-sessions recovery strategies (passive [PAS], active [ACT], cold-water immersion [CWI], and ingestion of a recovery drink [NUTR]) on maximal cycling performance, perceptions of delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and fatigue in world-class BMX riders.Methods:Eleven elite BMX athletes, members of the French national team (top country in the 2011 international ranking, 4 medals at the 2012 World Championships, top European country), participated in the study, which involved standardized training periods. Athletes performed 3 maximal-sprint power tests: the first day of the week before the training session and before and after training on the third day of the week (D3). The recovery strategy was randomly assigned to each participant on day 2 immediately after the last training period of the day. Perceptions of DOMS and general fatigue were recorded on D3.Results:After training on D3, the decrease in maximal-sprint power (Pmax) was significantly greater for PAS than with CWI (P = .02) and NUTR (P = .018). Similar results were found with ACT (vs CWI P = .044, and vs NUTR P = .042). Self-reported DOMS and fatigue were significantly greater after PAS than after other strategies.Conclusions:For elite BMX riders, between training days, nutritional and/or CWI recovery strategies appear to be best for reducing muscle fatigue and increasing the capacity to withstand the training schedule.

scholarly journals Chronic Stress Detrimentally Affects In Vivo Maturation in Rat Oocytes and Oocyte Viability at All Phases of the Estrous Cycle

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2478
Author(s):  
Fahiel Casillas ◽  
Miguel Betancourt ◽  
Lizbeth Juárez-Rojas ◽  
Yvonne Ducolomb ◽  
Alma López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
The Impact

Background: Stress has been considered as one of the causes of decreased reproductive function in women. However, direct evidence of the effect of chronic stress on oocytes depending on estrous cycle phases is limited. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of chronic stress on the viability, integrity, and maturation of rat oocytes depending on estrous cycle phases, specifically proestrus, estrus, and diestrus. Methods: For this purpose, adult female rats were stressed daily by cold water immersion (15 °C) for 30 consecutive days. Results: In chronically stressed female rats, irregular estrous cyclicity, increased corticosterone levels, decreased oocyte viability, and an increased percentage of abnormal oocytes were obtained in all the estrous cycle phases, resulting in reduced oocyte maturation during proestrus. Conclusion: Oocyte maturation disturbed by chronic stress is a crucial factor by which chronic stress disrupts female reproduction

Risk factors for immersion pulmonary edema: hyperoxia does not attenuate pulmonary hypertension associated with cold water-immersed prone exercise at 4.7 ATA

2011 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 610-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. V. Fraser ◽  
D. F. Peacher ◽  
J. J. Freiberger ◽  
M. J. Natoli ◽  
E. A. Schinazi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Blood Gases ◽  
Cold Water Immersion ◽  
Preventive Strategy

Hyperoxia has been shown to attenuate the increase in pulmonary artery (PA) pressure associated with immersed exercise in thermoneutral water, which could serve as a possible preventive strategy for the development of immersion pulmonary edema (IPE). We tested the hypothesis that the same is true during exercise in cold water. Six healthy volunteers instrumented with arterial and PA catheters were studied during two 16-min exercise trials during prone immersion in cold water (19.9–20.9°C) in normoxia [0.21 atmospheres absolute (ATA)] and hyperoxia (1.75 ATA) at 4.7 ATA. Heart rate (HR), Fick cardiac output (CO), mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), central venous pressure (CVP), arterial and venous blood gases, and ventilatory parameters were measured both early (E, 5–6 min) and late (L, 15–16 min) in exercise. During exercise at an average oxygen consumption rate (V̇o2) of 2.38 ml·kg−1·min−1, CO, CVP, and pulmonary vascular resistance were not affected by inspired Po2or exercise duration. Minute ventilation (V̇e), alveolar ventilation (V̇a), and ventilation frequency ( f) were significantly lower in hyperoxia compared with normoxia (mean ± SD: V̇e 58.8 ± 8.0 vs. 65.1 ± 9.2, P = 0.003; V̇a 40.2 ± 5.4 vs. 44.2 ± 9.0, P = 0.01; f 25.4 ± 5.4 vs. 27.2 ± 4.2, P = 0.04). Mixed venous pH was lower in hyperoxia compared with normoxia (7.17 ± 0.07 vs. 7.20 ± 0.07), and this result was significant early in exercise ( P = 0.002). There was no difference in mean PAP (MPAP: 28.28 ± 8.1 and 29.09 ± 14.3 mmHg) or PAWP (18.0 ± 7.6 and 18.7 ± 8.7 mmHg) between normoxia and hyperoxia, respectively. PAWP decreased from early to late exercise in hyperoxia ( P = 0.002). These results suggest that the increase in pulmonary vascular pressures associated with cold water immersion is not attenuated with hyperoxia.

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