scholarly journals The Effect of Changes in Forest Area on the Transcarpathian Tisza River Basin

2004 ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
György Szuhányi
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Suitable Environment ◽  
Living Being

Forests are unique global factors which ensure life for almost every living being on Earth. They play a major role in controlling water flows, preventing erosion and controlling the oxygen content of Earth’s atmosphere. By the end of the XXth century, it was realized that forests help to nature maintain and are vital parts of our natural environment. By the time societies realized this fact, economic and environmental effects had amplified which endanger forests. Due to their good water control and water protection abilities, and their function in climate control, mountain forests can provide a suitable environment for themselves, for their successful growth.Forests play a major role in soil protection, especially in mountain areas where they prevent soil erosion. By converting surface waters into subsurface waters, forests help with the accumulation of subsurface waters, which are the sources of springs, rivers and streams. In the summer, they protect the soil from drying out by creating a special microclimate. They positively affect the climate of surrounding territories.

scholarly journals Buoyancy and vertical distribution of Norwegian coastal cod (Gadus morhua) eggs from different areas along the coast

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1198-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erling Kåre Stenevik ◽  
Svein Sundby ◽  
Ann Lisbeth Agnalt
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Distribution ◽  
Density Gradient ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Marine Science ◽  
Norwegian Coast ◽  
Spawning Areas ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

Abstract Stenevik, E. K., Sundby, S., and Agnalt, A. L. 2008. Buoyancy and vertical distribution of Norwegian coastal cod (Gadus morhua) eggs from different areas along the coast. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1198–1202. There are significant genetic differences in coastal cod (Gadus morhua) along the Norwegian coast, and in order to maintain these differences, there must be mechanisms that ensure local retention of eggs and larvae in the spawning areas. The buoyancy of eggs from four different areas along the Norwegian coast was measured using a density gradient column, and the results from modelling experiments showed that in three of the groups (Tysfjord, Helgeland, and Øygarden), the buoyancy in combination with local hydrography would place the eggs in subsurface waters where retention is greater than in surface waters.

scholarly journals Investigation of the activity of Rn-222 along a small stream in the Representative Basin of Juatuba - MG

RBRH ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinícius Verna Magalhães Ferreira ◽  
Cláudio José Chagas ◽  
Rubens Martins Moreira ◽  
Zildete Rocha ◽  
Talita de Oliveira Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Southeastern Part ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Radon Activity ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Main Instrument ◽  
Natural Tracer ◽  
Effective Radiation ◽  
Surface And Subsurface Waters

ABSTRACT For thousands of years, water has been the focus of experimentation toward solving the challenges associated with human water supply, navigation, irrigation, and sanitation. The use of tracers to study water resources is an efficient approach that can facilitate the modeling of many hydrological scenarios. The goal of this paper is to show results of research that tracked the presence of Rn-222, a natural tracer, in the surface waters of a small watercourse in southeastern part of Brazil. RAD 7, which is an electronic and portable radon detector, was the main instrument used in this survey. We analyzed 117 water samples and converted the radon activity results to effective radiation doses with respect to the hypothetical human consumption of these waters. We also analyzed the sediments of the watercourse. The obtained data showed that the radon activity in the studied waters varies between 0.52-76.96 Bq/m3. We determined the effective dose of all samples to be less than 1 mSv y−1, and its consumption to present no risk to human health. The existence of connections between surface and subsurface waters in the stream is possible, and radon peaks may indicate the existence of discharge zones into the surface water body.

scholarly journals Una revisión sobre las tierras abandonadas en España: de los paisajes locales a las estrategias globales de gestión

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Lasanta ◽  
E. Nadal-Romero ◽  
M. Khorchani ◽  
A. Romero-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Forest Fires ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
Bare Soils ◽  
Abandoned Lands

Abandoned lands occupy extensive territories in some Spanish regions, particularly in mountain areas and semiarid environments. These lands originate very diverse landscapes depending on the climatic conditions, the age of abandonment, the management before and after abandonment, and the disturbances that they suffer during the post-abandoned process. These factors condition the plant succession and soil properties, producing contrasted ecosystems and landscapes, like forests, shrublands, grasslands and almost bare soils. This study reviews the current knowledge about land abandonment in Spain, with special reference to the spatial and temporal process of abandonment, the factors that originate different ecosystems, and landscapes in abandoned lands, and the implications of these factors in the provision of ecosystem services to society. Depending on the landscape generated and its management, different services would be provided, such as the quality and quantity of water resources, soil protection, carbon sequestration, levels of biodiversity, prevention and control of forest fires, pastoral resources, landscape aesthetics, and even the possibilities of securing population in the rural environment through extensive land uses.

Assessing the Diffuse Phosphorus Input from Subsurface to Surface Waters in the Catchment Area of the Lower River Spree (Germany)

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Driescher ◽  
J. Gelbrecht
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Bank Filtration ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Phosphorus Sources ◽  
Phosphorus Contamination ◽  
Glaciofluvial Deposits ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Phosphorus Levels

The proportion of nonpoint phosphorus sources in the eutrophication process of surface waters is higher than generally assumed. In the surroundings of Berlin (glaciofluvial deposits and moraine areas) the phosphorus content of some subsurface waters reaches levels of several hundred µgP/l. As surface waters are mainly fed by groundwater in this area, nutrient contents in groundwater may become of great importance when other phosphorus sources are eliminated. Investigations in unpolluted areas are a prerequisite to decide whether higher phosphorus levels in groundwater are of natural origin or the result of contamination processes. The phosphorus background was shown to be very different and dependent on the depth below groundwater surface, content of iron, and redox conditions in the aquifer. Wastewater land treatment, bank filtration, agricultural land use, and degradation of lowland bogs were found to be sources of phosphorus contamination of aquifers. The results of observations are reported.

scholarly journals Introskeletal erosion threat in mountain forests of the Czech Republic

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Vacek ◽  
V. V Podrázský ◽  
M. Mikeska ◽  
W. K Moser
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Forest Area ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Total Forest Area ◽  
Forest Lands

Summarization of the potential of introskeletal erosion (ISE) was done on the basis of field surveys in the Šumava Mts., Krkonoše Mts. and Jeseníky Mts. areas. The results give a rough estimation of the ISE extent in mountain forests of the Czech Republic. They indicate that in the mountainous areas of the Czech Republic there are 46,535 ha of forest lands endangered by these processes, which represents 10.1% of mountain forests and 1.7% of the total forest area in the country. The worst situation is in the Krkonoše Mts., where the considerable ISE potential is on 30.5% of forest area (in the Jeseníky Mts. 16.6%, in the Novohradské hory Mts. 13.3%, in the Šumava  Mts. 8.2%). Because these areas are relevant production and water protection areas, the ISE processes have to be studied carefully and forest lands have to be protected, also using special technologies for forest protection and restoration.  

INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER PURIFICATION FROM OIL AND HEAVY METALS

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Vladimir Dmitrievich NAZAROV ◽  
Konstantin Konstantinovich BARYKIN ◽  
Sergey Vladimirovich FURSOV
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Wastewater Purification ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
Water Cleaning ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

The main industries of the Republic of Bashkortostan discharging pollutants to surface waters are presented. The quantitative indicators of natural waters volumes abstracted by enterprises of fuel, chemical and petrochemical industries are viewed as well as mass of pollutants discharged with sewage. The basic problems of the industry of water protection are presented. Device for water cleaning from oil and heavy metals based on galvanochemical method of water treatment is proposed and described. The results of industrial water cleaning from a number of impurities by galvano coagulation are viewed.

scholarly journals Realized environmental values of Environmental Fallow policy measure

2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Irina Herzon ◽  
Marjaana Toivonen ◽  
Juha Helenius ◽  
Chloe Swiderski
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Fertility Level ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Vegetation Composition ◽  
Policy Measure ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Water Courses ◽  
The Eu

A novel agri-environment scheme for Environmental Fallow (EF) was introduced in Finland to replace a former obligatory CAP set-aside. Though potentially highly valuable, the ability of the current scheme for delivering the stated objectives of water protection, biodiversity, and soil state is yet to be confirmed. The presentation evaluates the role of the scheme for protection of surface waters and biodiversity based on data from the farmer interviews, field data on vegetation, and land-use register for the regions of Uusimaa, Pohjois-Pohjanmaa and Pirkanmaa. In 2010, over 7% of the agricultural utilized area was enrolled under the scheme with four types of fields: long-term grasslands, and fields sown with meadow plants, game crops or landscape flowers. The scheme has been highly popular among farmers but requires agronomic development of the options to reduce establishment failure, and optimise management for the best environmental output with the least agronomic problems. The potential of the scheme to protect surface waters is marginal since only 10% of EFs is situated near the water courses. The option of fallowing by establishing grassland, or by enrolling existing low productive grassland, was the most popular type of EF. The most biologically valuable meadow type remains rare, and the desired vegetation composition is non stable. The vegetation composition of the EF is more diverse than that under the former set-aside and also differs from that of other non-cropped biotopes such as margins and semi-natural grasslands. Plant species diversity correlated negatively with the reported fertility level of the parcels and therefore establishing grassland and meadow fallows on the least productive parcels is ecologically justified. However, possible targeting of the options according to the landscape setting should be investigated. At the current level, the scheme has succeeded to reverse the fallowing area to its state during the EU set-aside period. However, potential long-term efficiency of the current scheme is likely to be compromised by its untargeted and unbinding nature, and existing agronomic challenges in “sowing for nature”. Without a minimum required area, the scheme totally depends on the current and forecasted profit margin.

The Study of Manure Management in a Cattle Farm

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Virgil Moise
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Nitrate Pollution ◽  
Manure Management ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Cattle Farm ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Abstract The manure deposits in the farm must not affect the environment by directly polluting the surface waters. In the studied location there are two stables for a bovine herd - 245 heads of dairy cattle and 105 heads of young cattle, a desk, sanitary filter, milking parlor (two 60 liter boilers each, two showers, three sanitary groups), a haystack, platform for storing solid waste. The lagoons for storing the manure were made from a special waterproofing material. They store the manure well in a natural environment, comply with the EC rules in force, according to the Code of Good Agricultural Practices for water protection against nitrate pollution from agricultural sources. The distribution manure on the land is made by using methods that reduce as much as possible ammonium emissions; the fertilizer must be incorporated as quickly as possible to reduce emissions.

scholarly journals The productivity of mixed mountain forests comprised of Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, and Abies alba across Europe

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 512-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torben Hilmers ◽  
Admir Avdagić ◽  
Leszek Bartkowicz ◽  
Kamil Bielak ◽  
Franz Binder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Fagus Sylvatica ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Mountain Areas

Abstract Mixed mountain forests of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst), and silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) cover a total area of more than 10 million hectares in Europe. Due to altitudinal zoning, these forests are particularly vulnerable to climate change. However, as little is known about the long-term development of the productivity and the adaptation and mitigation potential of these forest systems in Europe, reliable information on productivity is required for sustainable forest management. Using generalized additive mixed models this study investigated 60 long-term experimental plots and provides information about the productivity of mixed mountain forests across a variety of European mountain areas in a standardized way for the first time. The average periodic annual volume increment (PAI) of these forests amounts to 9.3 m3ha−1y−1. Despite a significant increase in annual mean temperature the PAI has not changed significantly over the last 30 years. However, at the species level, we found significant changes in the growth dynamics. While beech had a PAI of 8.2 m3ha−1y−1 over the entire period (1980–2010), the PAI of spruce dropped significantly from 14.2 to 10.8 m3ha−1y−1, and the PAI of fir rose significantly from 7.2 to 11.3 m3ha−1y−1. Consequently, we observed stable stand volume increments in relation to climate change.

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