scholarly journals Effects of spray carrier quality on biological activity of terbuthylazine + mesotrione herbicide combination

2010 ◽  
pp. 110-115
Author(s):  
István Dávid ◽  
Endre Máté
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Ammonium Nitrate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Water Ph

Field experiments were conducted to study affects of pH and hardness of spray water on efficacy of a herbicide combination (terbuthylazine + mesotrione) influenced by several pH adjusters and adjuvants in Debrecen, Hungary in 2008, 2009 and 2010. Favourable or unfavourable effects of pH and hardness of spray water could be observed under field conditions. Evaluation of weed control efficacy is suitable for examination of affects of spray water pH and hardness on herbicides. The terbuthylazine and mesotrione herbicide combination is suitable to control monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous weed species, however, significant effects of hardness and pH of spray carrier was observed only in control of monocotyledonous weeds. Certain pH adjusters (e.g. ammonium nitrate) can lessen harmful affects of water hardness effectively. Significant loss of efficacy of sensitive herbicide was found in hard water (by about 50-60%), and surfactants was not able to eliminate that harmful affect. However, biological activity was the same as in soft water with ammonium nitrate which can overcome the antagonism of salts. That pH adjuster had a more significant affect on the efficacy of the herbicide than the surfactant had in that experiment. 

Responses of Several Corn (Zea mays) Cultivars and Weed Species to EPTC With and Without the Antidote R-25788

Weed Science ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erasmo G. Sagaral ◽  
Chester L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
The Other ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Sand Soil ◽  
Fine Sandy Loam ◽  
Loamy Sand Soil

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effectiveness of the herbicide antidote R-25788 (N,N-diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide) in protecting corn (Zea maysL.) cultivars from EPTC (S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) injury. Preplant-incorporated applications of EPTC, with and without R-25788, were made to a fine sandy loam in 1976 and a loamy sand soil in 1977. EPTC at 6.7 kg/ha was 20 to 30% more injurious to the susceptible cultivars grown in sandy, lower organic-matter soil than in fine sandy loam. R-25788 did not decrease the weed-control efficacy of EPTC. The cultivar ‘TXS114’ was highly tolerant to EPTC at 6.7 kg/ha with or without antidote protection. Most of the other EPTC-susceptible cultivars showed significant stand improvement when R-25788 was used in combination with EPTC. R-25788 did not alleviate EPTC phytotoxicity toward ‘XL55’ and ‘XL379’ cultivars. EPTC applied in combination with R-25788 showed no, or only, slight injury to all other cultivars.

Effect of Carrier Water Hardness and Ammonium Sulfate on Efficacy of 2,4-D Choline and Premixed 2,4-D Choline Plus Glyphosate

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratap Devkota ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Palmer Amaranth ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Hardness Level ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Giant Ragweed

Spray water quality is an important consideration for optimizing herbicide efficacy. Hard water cations in the carrier water can reduce herbicide performance. Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate the influence of hard water cations and the use of ammonium sulfate (AMS) on the efficacy of 2,4-D choline and premixed 2,4-D choline plus glyphosate for giant ragweed, horseweed, and Palmer amaranth control. Carrier water hardness was established at 0, 200, 400, 600, 800, or 1,000 mg L−1using CaCl2and MgSO4, and each hardness level consisted of without or with AMS at 10.2 g L−1. One-third of the proposed use rates of 2,4-D choline at 280 g ae ha−1and 2,4-D choline plus glyphosate at 266 plus 283 g ae ha−1, respectively, were applied in the study. An increase in carrier water hardness showed a linear trend for reducing 2,4-D choline and 2,4-D choline plus glyphosate efficacy on all weed species evaluated in both studies. The increase in water hardness level reduced giant ragweed control with 2,4-D choline and the premix formulation of 2,4-D choline plus glyphosate to a greater extent without AMS than it did with AMS in the spray solution. Increases in water hardness from 0 to 1,000 mg L−1reduced weed control 20% or greater with 2,4-D choline. Likewise, the efficacy of the premixed 2,4-D choline plus glyphosate was reduced 21% or greater with increased water hardness from 0 to 1,000 mg L−1. The addition of AMS improved giant ragweed, horseweed, and Palmer amaranth control ≥ 17% and ≥ 10% for 2,4-D choline and 2,4-D choline plus glyphosate application, respectively. The biomass of all weed species was reduced by ≥ 8% and ≥ 5% with 2,4-D choline and 2,4-D choline plus glyphosate application, respectively, when AMS was added to hard water.

Time-of-day effect on weed control efficacy with tolpyralate plus atrazine

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Langdon ◽  
Nader Soltani ◽  
Alan J. Raedar ◽  
David C. Hooker ◽  
Darren E. Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Annual Grass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Control Efficacy ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Green Foxtail

Abstract Tolpyralate is a new 4-hydroxyphenyl-pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)–inhibiting herbicide for weed control in corn. Previous research has reported efficacy of tolpyralate + atrazine on several annual grass and broadleaf weed species; however, no studies have evaluated weed control of tolpyralate + atrazine depending on time-of-day (TOD) of application. Six field experiments were conducted over a 2-yr period (2018, 2019) near Ridgetown, ON, to determine if there is an effect of TOD of application on tolpyralate + atrazine efficacy on common annual grass and broadleaf weeds. An application was made at 3-h intervals beginning at 06:00 h with the last application at 24:00 h. There was a slight TOD effect on velvetleaf, pigweed species, and common ragweed control with tolpyralate + atrazine; however, the magnitude of change throughout the day was ≤3% at 2, 4, or 8 wk after application (WAA). There was no effect of TOD of tolpyralate + atrazine on the control of lambsquarters, barnyardgrass, and green foxtail. All weed species were controlled ≥88% at 8 WAA. There was no effect of TOD of tolpyralate + atrazine application on corn yield. Results of this study show no evidence of a TOD effect on weed control efficacy with tolpyralate + atrazine.

scholarly journals The effectiveness of herbicides in soybean cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Dykun ◽  
Vladimir Zherebko ◽  
Maria Dykun
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Soybean Crop

The necessity to improve systems of soybean crop protection from weeds as a critical factor in further increasing of crop yields and improving of food quality conditioned the topicality of a problem raised in this publication. In this regard, we directed this article on the determination of biological activity of individual post-emergence herbicides in relation to the most common and harmful weed species and establishing of their technical and economic efficiency under growing of soybeans in the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The effectiveness of chemical weeding of crops with preparations bentazone, imazamox and bentazone+imazamox in two-year field experiments in a stationary crop rotation at the Agronomic Research Station of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine was analysed. It is established that the application of post-emergence herbicide bentazone+imazamox, which at the expense of high biological activity significantly reduced density of widespread and relatively chemicalresistant weeds at a mixed type of soybean crop weediness, is effective enough. Twofold application of 0.75 l ha–1 of the herbicide in a tank mixture with 1.0 l ha–1 of the surfactant Metolat with a two-week interval in the phase of two or three true leaves on soybeans was more effective. It resulted in a loss of 89% of gray bristle (Setaria glauca (Poir.) Roem. & Schult), 65% of common chicken millet (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.) and almost full destruction of broadleaf species (99%) with 97% reduction of raw weed biomass. However, the soybean yield averaged 3.82 t ha–1 over 2 years that is by 34% higher than in the control option without chemical weeding. Application of the herbicide did not reduce protein and oil content.

The Influence of Carrier Water pH and Hardness on Saflufenacil Efficacy and Solubility

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 527-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jared M. Roskamp ◽  
Ronald F. Turco ◽  
Marianne Bischoff ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Field Corn ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Water Ph

The pH and hardness of water used as agrochemical carrier can influence herbicide efficacy. The objective of this research was to determine the role of carrier water pH and hardness on saflufenacil efficacy and solubility. Saflufenacil was mixed in eight different carrier waters with one of five pH levels (4.0, 5.2, 6.5, 7.7, 9.0) or one of three hardness levels (0, 310, 620 mg L−1) and applied POST to common lambsquarters and giant ragweed in a field experiment and to field corn in a greenhouse experiment. Solubility testing was also completed on saflufenacil mixed in the five pH levels used in the field and greenhouse experiments. Water hardness did not influence the efficacy of saflufenacil on common lambsquarters, giant ragweed, or field corn. Control of giant ragweed or common lambsquarters in field experiments was reduced by up to 56% when saflufenacil was applied in water with a pH of 4.0 compared with water with a pH of 7.7. When nonsoluble saflufenacil was removed from the spray solution, saflufenacil efficacy on field corn in the greenhouse was reduced by 61% or more when applied in water with a pH of 4.0 than when applied with water with a pH of 5.2 or higher. When nonsoluble saflufenacil was applied with the soluble saflufenacil in the spray solution, at least a 7% reduction in control of field corn was observed when applied in water with pH of 4.0 as compared with saflufenacil applied in water with pH of 5.2 or higher. Solubility of saflufenacil was (1) 10.1 mg L−1in water with a pH of 4.0, (2) 3,461.4 mg L−1in water with a pH of 7.7, and (3) > 5,000 mg L−1at a pH of 9. Some degradation of parent saflufenacil was detected in the pH at 9.0 treatment, with only 90% of added product being recovered after 3 d of storage. This research provides information on how saflufenacil efficacy and solubility is influenced by carrier water pH and potentially explains some differences noticed between field applications of saflufenacil.

scholarly journals The Response of Different Weed Species to Glyphosate Using Ammonium Sulfate and Hard Water

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. MIRZAEI ◽  
M. RASTGOO ◽  
K. HAJMOHAMMADNIA GHALIBAF ◽  
E. ZAND
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulphate ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Hard Water ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Spray Solution ◽  
Canary Grass

ABSTRACT: Water hardness antagonism and the effect of ammonium sulphate (AMS) on efficacy of glyphosate have been well documented. However conflicting results between weed species were noted by the authors. Greenhouse experiments were conducted twice at the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in a randomized complete block design with a factorial arrangement and three replications during 2014-2015. Four experiments were arranged separately on cypress (Kochia scoparia), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), little seed canary grass (Phalaris minor) and winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana) using ammonium sulphate and deionizad water and in the presence of different salts, (i.e. NaHCO3, CaCO3, MgCl2 and CaCl2 at 500 ppm) against three doses of glyphosate (256.25, 512.5 and 1,025 g a.i. ha-1), with and without ammonium sulphate (AMS) as adjuvant (2% w/v). The results showed the application of AMS overcomes the inhibitory effects of salts in the spray solution in tested species. The degree of effectiveness in A. retroflexus was more than A. ludoviciana and P. minor. Glyphosate with AMS caused reduction in dry matter in grasses from 0.34 to 0.28 g, while glyphosate toxicity in A. retroflexus with AMS was 100 percent and all of the plants were destroyed (0.82 to 0 g). The application of AMS in overcoming the inhibitory effects of water hardness had no effect on K. scoparia control. However, Increasing AMS could overcome the inhibitory effects of hard water in the spray solution on glyphosate efficacy in A. retroflexus and K. scoparia, but it had no effect on tested grassy weeds. We may conclude that glyphosate work differently on weed species using AMS and hard water.

DIP quality influenced by process water quality

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
DENNIS VOSS ◽  
HANS-JOACHIM PUTZ ◽  
SAMUEL SCHABEL
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Contamination Levels

The need for deinking mills to reduce their fresh water consumption has resulted in higher loads of various contaminants in the process water. Lower recovered paper quality also leads to higher contamination levels in the mills. This higher load has an influence on achievable target brightness. The objective of the work was to determine and explain the main reasons for relatively poor deinked pulp quality or poor deinking potential based on the influence of recovered paper composition and process water quality. The process water parameters significantly affect the deinking potential of recovered paper. The test results showed the negative effects of increased water hardness. For standard recovered paper mixtures, flotation selectivity is higher with increasing flotation pH-value. Good results were realized for standard recovered paper with low hardness, low surface tension, and high pH-value. The results for recovered paper containing flexo newsprint could be slightly improved with low hardness, low surface tension, and low pH-value. The results of the test program using design of experiments showed interacting effects of pH-value and surface tension on luminosity and flotation selectivity.

Flat-cutting loosening in the system of fallow cultivation of chernozem soil and weediness of crops

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (92) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
G. Koval ◽  
M. Kaliyevskiy ◽  
V. Yeshchenko ◽  
I. Martyniuk ◽  
N. Martyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Spring Crop ◽  
White Campion ◽  
Investigation Methods ◽  
Top Soil

The article presents the results of field experiments, where on the basis of podsolized heavy loamy chernozem the influence of replacement of mouldboard ploughing with nonmouldboard cultivation over top soil weediness, weediness at the beginning and end of spring crop vegetation and weed species composition before harve sting were studied. Investigation methods of main fall ploughing under spring crops of five-course rotation: soybeans–rape–wheat–flax–barley at the depths of 15-17, 20-22, 25-27 cm were conducted after post-harvest field tillage. Analysis of data on contamination of the top soil with weed seeds have shown that with the replacement of fall main mouldboard ploughing gwith nonmouldboard cultivation the figure before sowing of all crops withdifferent tillage depthat crop rotation average increased by 131-132%. It caused the increase of actual weed infestation of all crops and at the beginning and end of spring crop vegetationafter different depths of fall nonmouldboard cultivation compared with ploughing at crop rotation average it was 120–132 and 123-138%respectively. Species composition of weeds afterthe replacement of main fall mouldboard ploughing with nonmouldboard cultivation remained mainlyunchanged; although in rape plantings the proportion of white campion and early spring weed sincreased, in wheat plantings– wild mustard andscentless mayweed, insoybean plantings– late spring weeds, in flax plantings– white campion, and in barley plantings– scarlet pimpernel.

Bio-efficacy of post emergence herbicides in boro rice nursery as well as main field and their residual effects on non-target microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-210
Author(s):  
Rajib Kundu ◽  
Mousumi Mondal ◽  
Sourav Garai ◽  
Ramyajit Mondal ◽  
Ratneswar Poddar
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Main Field ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Similar Treatment

Field experiments were conducted at research farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, India (22°97' N latitude and 88°44' E longitude, 9.75 m above mean sea level) under natural weed infestations in boro season rice (nursery bed as well as main field) during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to evaluate the herbicidal effects on weed floras, yield, non-target soil organisms to optimize the herbicide use for sustainable rice-production. Seven weed control treatments including three doses of bispyribac-sodium 10% SC (150,200, and 250 ml ha-1), two doses of fenoxaprop-p-ethyl 9.3% EC (500 and 625 ml ha-1), one weed free and weedy check were laid out in a randomized complete block design, replicated thrice. Among the tested herbicides, bispyribac-sodium with its highest dose (250 ml ha-1) resulted in maximum weed control efficiency, treatment efficiency index and crop resistance index irrespective of weed species and dates of observation in both nursery as well as main field. Similar treatment also revealed maximum grain yield (5.20 t ha-1), which was 38.38% higher than control, closely followed by Fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (625 ml ha-1) had high efficacy against grasses, sedge and broadleaf weed flora. Maximum net return (Rs. 48765 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (1.72) were obtained from the treatment which received bispyribac-sodium @ 250 ml ha-1. Based on overall performance, the bispyribac-sodium (250 ml ha-1) may be considered as the best herbicide treatment for weed management in transplanted rice as well as nursery bed.

Herbicide Effects on Weed Control and Shoot Growth of Young Apple (Malus sylvestris) and Peach (Prunus persica) Trees

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 840-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chester L. Foy ◽  
Susan B. Harrison ◽  
Harold L. Witt
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
One Year ◽  
Broadleaf Species ◽  
Old Trees ◽  
Peach Trees

Field experiments were conducted at two locations in Virginia to evaluate the following herbicides: alachlor, diphenamid, diuron, metolachlor, napropamide, norflurazon, oryzalin, oxyfluorfen, paraquat, pendimethalin, and simazine. One experiment involved newly-transplanted apple trees; the others, three in apple and one in peach trees, involved one-year-old trees. Treatments were applied in the spring (mid-April to early-May). Control of annual weed species was excellent with several treatments. A broader spectrum of weeds was controlled in several instances when the preemergence herbicides were used in combinations. Perennial species, particularly broadleaf species and johnsongrass, were released when annual species were suppressed by the herbicides. A rye cover crop in nontreated plots suppressed the growth of weeds. New shoot growth of newly-transplanted apple trees was increased with 3 of 20 herbicide treatments and scion circumference was increased with 11 of 20 herbicide treatments compared to the nontreated control. Growth of one-year-old apple trees was not affected. Scion circumference of one-year-old peach trees was increased with 25 of 33 herbicide treatments.

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