DIP quality influenced by process water quality

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
DENNIS VOSS ◽  
HANS-JOACHIM PUTZ ◽  
SAMUEL SCHABEL
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Water Parameters ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Contamination Levels

The need for deinking mills to reduce their fresh water consumption has resulted in higher loads of various contaminants in the process water. Lower recovered paper quality also leads to higher contamination levels in the mills. This higher load has an influence on achievable target brightness. The objective of the work was to determine and explain the main reasons for relatively poor deinked pulp quality or poor deinking potential based on the influence of recovered paper composition and process water quality. The process water parameters significantly affect the deinking potential of recovered paper. The test results showed the negative effects of increased water hardness. For standard recovered paper mixtures, flotation selectivity is higher with increasing flotation pH-value. Good results were realized for standard recovered paper with low hardness, low surface tension, and high pH-value. The results for recovered paper containing flexo newsprint could be slightly improved with low hardness, low surface tension, and low pH-value. The results of the test program using design of experiments showed interacting effects of pH-value and surface tension on luminosity and flotation selectivity.

Variabilities of Surface Water Quality of Degraded Post-mining Areas in Bytom

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 318-331
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Czajkowska ◽  
Łukasz Gawor
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Surface Water Quality ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Mining Areas

In the paper there is presented an evaluation of variability of surface water quality (reservoirs and watercourses), on the area of degraded post-mining area in Bytom. The physicochemical analysis of water and compared with archival data obtained in 2009 and 2014. There were done analysis of following parameters: reaction, total content of substances dissolved in water, water hardness and the content of: Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+, NH4+, NO3-, NO2-, PO4- ions as well as Fe and Mn. The examined surface waters were characterised by high content of solutes. Anions were dominated by chlorides, the sodium proved to be the dominating cation, the examined water samples were characterised by high concentration of sulphates. In all analyzed reservoirs, permissible concentrations of chlorides and sulphates were exceeded. In all sample points there was observed a decrease of pH value in long term period, the concentration of chlorides lowered, however concentrations of sulphates increased in the majority of sampling points.

In line biological water regeneration in a zero discharge recycle paper mill

1997 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo H. A. Habets ◽  
Heins J. Knelissen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Water Hardness ◽  
Process Water ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Recycled Paper ◽  
Organic Components ◽  
New Machine

The recycled paper group of KNP-BT operates in total 12 paper and board mills in Western Europe. All together the output of recycled product is 1.5 million tpy, of which approx. 50% is testliner and corrugated medium. The company has been a pioneer in process water closure for more than 20 years and several of its mills were already operating totally effluent free, long before the term “zero effluent” was invented. Some advantages of this way of operation are energy conservation and no charges for effluent discharge. Disadvantages are amongst others, accumulation of organic compounds, increased salt content, water hardness and volatile fatty acid build up. One of the fluting and testliner mills in the group is Zülpich Papier, which is currently going through an extension phase from 170.000 tpy to 340.000 tpy. This particular mill has been operated under complete effluent free circumstances almost 20 years. However, even though the new machine is to be put into operation in October 1996, a biological process water regeneration plant has been put on stream already in September 1995 in order to collect experience with the internal treatment and to have everything running smoothly by the time the new machine is started. The in line treatment consists of an anaerobic and an aerobic stage. During the first stage the dissolved organic components like carbohydrates and volatile fatty acids are converted into methane gas. At the same time, sulphate reducing bacteria convert sulphate into hydrogen sulphide, which is stripped out by the biogas. During the subsequent aerobic stage, residual organic components are oxidized into carbonate, which precipitates with calcium ions into the aerobic sludge and accumulates as calcium carbonate. These are a few examples of what is being achieved. Due to several favourable reactions in the biological stage, the process water quality has improved drastically for the following criteria: Odour, corrosion properties, salt content (conductivity), hardness, viscosity, COD-level and pH. Also components like stickies, waxes and colloidal material are presumably being degraded during the biological regeneration process. In the paper a description is given of the plant, as well as an overview of the main improvements of the process water quality during the first four months of in line biological treatment.

scholarly journals Kualitas Air pada Irigasi Subak di Bali

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
I Gede Dumia Saputra ◽  
Sumiyati Sumiyati ◽  
I Nyoman Sucipta
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Inlet Channel ◽  
Outlet Channel ◽  
A Value

Air irigasi sangat berpengaruh pada subak, oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukan pengukuran terhadap pencemaran yang terjadi agar kualitas air tersebut baik untuk subak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air pada irigasi subak di Bali dan dilaksanakan pada tanggal 09 April 2019 pada 9 Subak di 3 (tiga) kabupaten yang ada di Bali, yaitu Subak Air Sumbul, Yeh Anakan dan Air Satang berada di Kabupaten Jembrana, Subak Guama, Subak Selan Bawak dan Jatiluwih berada di Kabupaten Tabanan dan Subak Tegal Kauh Selat, Subak Tohpati dan Subak Bugbug berada di Kabupaten Karangasem. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian lapangan dan laboratorium, dimana hasil yang didapatkan akan dibandingkan dengan baku mutu air Peraturan Gubernur Bali Nomor 16 tahun 2016 tanggal 14 maret 2016 kualitas air golongan IV. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada dua titik yaitu pada Saluran Inlet dan Outlet. Sempel diteliti berdasarkan parameter BOD, COD, DHL (Daya Hantar Listrik), pH, Nitrit (NO2), Fosfat (PO4), dan TDS (Total Padatan Terlarut). Hasil uji paling tinggi pada parameter BOD menunjukan angka 8,078 mg/L terdapat di saluran Inlet subak Selat, COD menunjukan angka 21,735 mg/L di saluran Inlet subak Selat, DHL menunjukan nilai 308 µmhos/cm ada pada saluran Inlet subak Guama dan Selan Bawak, pH menunjukan nilai pH 8,40 di saluran Inlet Subak Bugbug, Nitrit menunjukan angka 2,606 mg/L di saluran Outlet Subak Guama, Fosfat menunjukan nilai 0,214 mg/L disaluran Inlet Subak Guama, TDS menunjukan nilai 238 mg/L pada saluran Inlet dan Outlet Subak Guama. Hasil uji keseluruhan masih sesuai dengan baku mutu air irigasi golongan IV.           Irrigation water is very influential on subaks, therefore it is necessary to measure the pollution that occurs so that the water quality is good for subaks. This study aims to determine the quality of water in subak irrigation in Bali and was carried out on April 9, 2019 on 9 subaks in 3 (three) districts in Bali, namely Subak Air Sumbul, Yeh Anakan and Air Satang located in Jembrana Regency, Subak Guama , Subak Selan Bawak and Jatiluwih are in Tabanan Regency and Tegal Kauh Strait Subak, Tohpati Subak and Bugbug Subak are in Karangasem Regency. This research is a field and laboratory research, where the results obtained will be compared with the water quality standard Bali Governor Regulation Number 16 of 2016 dated March 14, 2016 water quality group IV. Sampling is done at two points, namely the Inlet and Outlet Channels. Seals were examined based on the parameters of BOD, COD, DHL (Electrical Conductivity), pH, Nitrite (NO2), Phosphate (PO4), and TDS (Total Dissolved Solids). The highest test results on the BOD parameter showed the figure of 8.078 mg/L was found in the subak Strait Inlet channel, COD showed the number 21.735 mg/L in the Strait subak Inlet channel, DHL showed the value of 308 µmhos/cm in the Guama subak channel and the Selan bawak channel, pH shows a pH value of 8.40 in the Bugbug Subak Inlet channel, Nitrite shows 2.606 mg/L in the Subak Guama Outlet channel, Phosphate shows a value of 0.214 mg/L in the Guama Subak Inlet channel, TDS shows a value of 238 mg/L in the Inlet and Outlet channels Subak Guama. Overall test results are still in accordance with Group IV irrigation water quality standards.  

Effects of resuspension of eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica biodeposits on phytoplankton community structure

2020 ◽  
Vol 640 ◽  
pp. 79-105
Author(s):  
ET Porter ◽  
E Robins ◽  
S Davis ◽  
R Lacouture ◽  
JC Cornwell
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Crassostrea Virginica ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Eastern Oyster ◽  
Energy Dissipation Rate ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Sediment Bottom ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

Anthropogenic disturbances in the Chesapeake Bay (USA) have depleted eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica abundance and altered the estuary’s environment and water quality. Efforts to rehabilitate oyster populations are underway; however, the effect of oyster biodeposits on water quality and plankton community structure are not clear. In July 2017, we used 6 shear turbulence resuspension mesocosms (STURMs) to determine differences in plankton composition with and without the daily addition of oyster biodeposits to a muddy sediment bottom. STURM systems had a volume-weighted root mean square turbulent velocity of 1.08 cm s-1, energy dissipation rate of ~0.08 cm2 s-3, and bottom shear stress of ~0.36-0.51 Pa during mixing-on periods during 4 wk of tidal resuspension. Phytoplankton increased their chlorophyll a content in their cells in response to low light in tanks with biodeposits. The diatom Skeletonema costatum bloomed and had significantly longer chains in tanks without biodeposits. These tanks also had significantly lower concentrations of total suspended solids, zooplankton carbon, and nitrite +nitrate, and higher phytoplankton carbon concentrations. Results suggest that the absence of biodeposit resuspension initiates nitrogen uptake for diatom reproduction, increasing the cell densities of S. costatum. The low abundance of the zooplankton population in non-biodeposit tanks suggests an inability of zooplankton to graze on S. costatum and negative effects of S. costatum on zooplankton. A high abundance of the copepod Acartia tonsa in biodeposit tanks may have reduced S. costatum chain length. Oyster biodeposit addition and resuspension efficiently transferred phytoplankton carbon to zooplankton carbon, thus supporting the food web in the estuary.

Effects of pH Value in the Electrolyte on the Properties of Cu2ZnSnS4Thin Film Fabricated by Single Step Co-Electrodeposition

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. P521-P525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Shuying Cheng ◽  
Jinling Yu ◽  
Yunfeng Lai ◽  
Haifang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Effects Of Ph

scholarly journals Catchment water quality in the year preceding and immediately following restoration of a drained afforested blanket bog

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul P. J. Gaffney ◽  
Mark H. Hancock ◽  
Mark A. Taggart ◽  
Roxane Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Pass Rate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Peatland Restoration ◽  
Blanket Bog ◽  
Quality Threshold ◽  
Policy Incentives

AbstractThe restoration of drained afforested peatlands, through drain blocking and tree removal, is increasing in response to peatland restoration targets and policy incentives. In the short term, these intensive restoration operations may affect receiving watercourses and the biota that depend upon them. This study assessed the immediate effect of ‘forest-to-bog’ restoration by measuring stream and river water quality for a 15 month period pre- and post-restoration, in the Flow Country peatlands of northern Scotland. We found that the chemistry of streams draining restoration areas differed from that of control streams following restoration, with phosphate concentrations significantly higher (1.7–6.2 fold, mean 4.4) in restoration streams compared to the pre-restoration period. This led to a decrease in the pass rate (from 100 to 75%) for the target “good” quality threshold (based on EU Water Framework Directive guidelines) in rivers in this immediate post-restoration period, when compared to unaffected river baseline sites (which fell from 100 to 90% post-restoration). While overall increases in turbidity, dissolved organic carbon, iron, potassium and manganese were not significant post-restoration, they exhibited an exaggerated seasonal cycle, peaking in summer months in restoration streams. We attribute these relatively limited, minor short-term impacts to the fact that relatively small percentages of the catchment area (3–23%), in our study catchments were felled, and that drain blocking and silt traps, put in place as part of restoration management, were likely effective in mitigating negative effects. Looking ahead, we suggest that future research should investigate longer term water quality effects and compare different ways of potentially controlling nutrient release.

scholarly journals Testing and Assessing Method for the Resistance of Wood-Plastic Composites to the Action of Destroying Fungi

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 697
Author(s):  
Anna Wiejak ◽  
Barbara Francke
Keyword(s):  
Bending Strength ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Destructive Effect ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Wood Polymer ◽  
Proposed Modification ◽  
Assessing Method ◽  
Biological Corrosion

Durability tests against fungi action for wood-plastic composites are carried out in accordance with European standard ENV 12038, but the authors of the manuscript try to prove that the assessment of the results done according to these methods is imprecise and suffers from a significant error. Fungi exposure is always accompanied by high humidity, so the result of tests made by such method is always burdened with the influence of moisture, which can lead to a wrong assessment of the negative effects of action fungus itself. The manuscript has shown a modification of such a method that separates the destructive effect of fungi from moisture accompanying the test’s destructive effect. The functional properties selected to prove the proposed modification are changes in the mass and bending strength after subsequent environmental exposure. It was found that intensive action of moisture measured in the culture chamber of about (70 ± 5)%, i.e., for 16 weeks, at (22 ± 2) °C, which was the fungi culture, which was accompanying period, led to changes in the mass of the wood-plastic composites, amounting to 50% of the final result of the fungi resistance test, and changes in the bending strength amounting to 30–46% of the final test result. As a result of the research, the correction for assessing the durability of wood-polymer composites to biological corrosion has been proposed. The laboratory tests were compared with the products’ test results following three years of exposure to the natural environment.

scholarly journals Historical Assessments of Inorganic Pollutants in the Sinkhole Region of Winkler County, Texas, USA

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7513
Author(s):  
Joshua Lozano ◽  
Joonghyeok Heo ◽  
Mijin Seo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
The Public ◽  
West Texas ◽  
Contamination Levels

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the public water contamination levels of Winkler County, in West Texas. With water scarcity becoming more prevalent in arid climates like West Texas, it is important to ensure the water quality in these areas. The Dockum and Pecos Valley aquifers were analyzed for inorganic pollutants that could inhibit the water. The parameters such as copper, lead, arsenic, nitrate, chloride, and chromium level reports were provided from 1972 to 2018 to analyze and compare to other studies such as the ones conducted in the Midland/Odessa area. The results were compared to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) safety standards, and conclusions were made for the safety consumption of water within the county. We found that inorganic pollutants resulted mainly from the mobilization of the contaminant from anthropogenic activities such as chemical fertilizers, oil and gas developments. This research provides important information for inorganic pollutants in the sinkhole region of Winkler County and contributes to understanding the response to the aquifers. The significance of water quality in West Texas is now more important than ever to ensure that everyone has clean drinking water.

scholarly journals Identifying Controlling Factors of Bioaccumulation of Selected Metal(loid)s in Various Soil–Cereal Crop Systems within Cultivated Fluvisols

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1180
Author(s):  
Jan Skála ◽  
Radim Vácha ◽  
Jarmila Čechmánková
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Significant Variable ◽  
Cd Uptake ◽  
Crop Models ◽  
Successful Model ◽  
Model Reliability ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Single Extractions

The paired Fluvisol and cereal samples in both the field screening and controlled experiments are reported to elucidate the soil–crop relationship for As, Cd, and Pb in relation to changing contamination levels. Significant varietal differences in plant uptake were observed for crop type (barley, triticale) and the harvested part of the crop (oat shoots and grain). When parametrizing the stepwise regression models, the inclusion of soil properties often improved the performance of soil–crop models but diverse critical soil parameters were retained in the model for individual metal(loid)s. The pH value was often a statistically significant variable for Cd uptake. For As and Pb, the more successful model fit was achieved using the indicators of quantity or quality of soil organic matter, but always with lower inherent model reliability compared to Cd. Further, a single correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between extractable metal concentrations in soil solution and their crop accumulation. For Cd, there were strong intercorrelations among single extractions, the NH4NO3 extraction stood out with perfect correlation with plant uptake in both experiments. For As and Pb, the CaCl2 and Na2EDTA solutions outperformed other single extractions and were the better choice for the assessment of depositional fluvial substrates.

scholarly journals Some indicators of water quality of the Tamis river

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Babovic ◽  
Dejan Markovic ◽  
Vojkan Dimitrijevic ◽  
Dragan Markovic
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical

This paper shows the results obtained in field analysis performed at the Tamis River, starting from the settlement Jasa Tomic - border between Serbia and Romania to Pancevo - confluence of Tamis into the Danube. The Tamis is a 359 km long river rising in the southern Carpathian Mountains. It flows through the Banat region and flows into the Danube near Pancevo. During the years the water quality of the river has severely deteriorated and badly affected the environment and the river ecosystem. In situ measurements enabled determination of physico-chemical parameters of water quality of the Tamis River on every 400 m of the watercourse, such as: water temperature, pH value, electrical conductivity, contents of dissolved oxygen and oxygen saturation. The main reason of higher pollution of Tamis is seen in connection to DTD hydro system. Sampling was performed at 7 points with regard to color, turbidity, total hardness, alkalinity, concentration of ammonium nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, iron, chlorides and sulphates in samples. The aim of the present work was to evaluate water quality in the Tamis River taking into account significant pollution, which originates from settlements, industry and agriculture, and to suggest appropriate preventive measures to further pollution decreasing of the river's water.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document