scholarly journals effect of crop protection and agrotechnical factors on sunflower in the Hajdúság region

2010 ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
András Szabó ◽  
Lajos Fülöp Dóka
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Crop Density

Extreme weather conditions are becoming more and more frequent in the crop years, thus increase the risk of sunflower production.The objective of researches into plant production is to minimize these effects as much as possible. In this sense, the optimization ofagrotechnological factors is of high importance. Within these factors, the appropriate crop technology (sowing time, crop density)and optimized, rational crop protection technologies are important, especially in the highly sensitive sunflower cultures. The effect ofsowing time, crop density, and fungicide treatments on the yield of sunflower hybrids was analysed in different crop years in 2008and 2009. In each case, the infection was highest with the early sowing time and at the highest crop density level (65000 ha-1). Whenone fungicide treatment was applied, the rate of infection decreased compared to the control treatment. The further decrease of theinfection rate was less after the second fungicide treatment.In the humid year of 2008 the crop yield was the highest at 45000 ha-1 crop density level in the control treatment and at 55000 cropha-1 crop density level when fungicides were applied. In the draughty year of 2009 the maximum yield was gained at 55000 ha-1 cropdensity level in the control treatment and at 65000 crop ha-1 when fungicides were applied. In 2008 and 2009 as regards the cropyield, the difference between the optimal and minimal crop density levels was higher in the fungicide treatments than in the controltreatment (in 2008: control: 517 kg ha-1; one application of fungicides: 865 kg ha-1; two applications of fungicides: 842 kg ha-1), (in2009: control: 577 kg ha-1; one application of fungicides: 761 kg ha-1; two applications of fungicides: 905 kg ha-1).In each and every case, the first treatment with fungicides was more effective than the second. In 2008, the highest yield wasobtained with the third, late sowing time in each fungicide treatment. The differences between the crop yields with different sowingtimes was less than in 2009, when the results of the second treatment exceeded those of the first and third treatment in each case.

scholarly journals Site and hybrid-specific agrotechnical models in sweet corn production

2011 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Ádám Lente
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Crop Density

The effect of three agrotechnical factors (sowing time, fertilization, plant density) and two genotypes on the crop yield of sweet corn was examined on chernozem soil in the Hajdúság region in two different crop years. Compared to the 30-year average, the climate was dry and warm in 2009 and humid in 2010. The experiments were conducted at the Látókép Research Site of the University of Debrecen. In the experiments we applied two sowing times (end of April, end of May), six fertilization levels (control, N30+PK, N60+PK, N90+PK, N120+PK, N150+PK) and two crop density levels (45 thousand ha-1, 65 thousand ha-1). The hybrids we used were Jumbo and Enterprise. As regards the requirements of sweet corn production, the crop year of 2009 was dry and warm. The effect of moisture deficiency was more adverse on the crop yields with the second sowing time. On the contrary, the other examined year (2010) was significantly humid; the precipitation was 184 mm above the 30-year average and the temperature was average.In the dry and hot crop year, the best yields were obtained with the hybrid Jumbo (25677 kg-1) at 65 thousand ha-1 plant density level on the average of the fertilization levels. The crop yields of Enterprise were also the highest at high plant density level (24444 kg ha-1). With the second sowing time the highest yields were obtained at the higher plant density level (65 thousand ha-1) with both hybrids (Jumbo 18978 kg ha-1, Enterprise 18991 kg ha-1), which confirmed the good adaptation capability of these hybrids at high plant density level. In humid crop year with early sowing time the highest yielding hybrid was Enterprise (at 45 thousand ha-1 crop density level 20757 kg-1), at the same time, Jumbo was best yielding at the higher plant density level (18781 kg-1). With the second sowing time the highest crop yield was obtained with Enterprise again (20628 kg ha-1 at 65 thousand ha-1 plant density level). With this sowing time the average yields of Jumbo, was 18914 kg ha-1 respectively. We found that dry crop year and early sowing time provided the best conditions for sweet corn production; the highest yields were obtained under these circumstances, which might be the results of the outstanding water management of chernozem  soils.

scholarly journals Testing disease resistance in autumn wheat genotypes by means of field experiments

2001 ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
Péter Pepó
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Chemical Management ◽  
Scientific Results

According to our scientific results we can state that we have to use integrated pesticides management in crop protection against the diseases of winter wheat. One of the most important elements of IPM is to select a genotype characterised by good resistance to diseases (and by high yield ability and excellent baking quality). It is especially important that the wheat variety have tolerance against not only to one or two leaf and spike (grain) diseases, but „complex” tolerance. It is not necessary to give up the growing of a variety which has susceptibility to different diseases because we can protect it using appropriate chemical management. In the intensive growing stage of wheat (BBCH 32-37) we can use a noncompulsary fungicide-treatment (depending on e. g. the infection, ecological conditions) and, at the beginning of the flowering stage(BBCH 59-65), we have to use a compulsary fungicide-treatment (in spite of e. g. special weather conditions, resistance genotype)to ensure high yield and good quality.

scholarly journals Complex appreciation of agrotechnikal factors of sweet corn (Zea Mays L. convar. saccharata Koern.)

2010 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Ádám Lente
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Late Sowing

Three agrotechnical factors (sowing time, fertilization, plant density) and the effect of two different genotypes on the yields of sweet corn was studied, in the dry and warm crop-year of 2009 on a chernozem soil in the County of Hajdúság. The experiments were carried out on the Látókép Research Station of Debrecen University. The experiment involved two sowing times (21 of April and 19 of May), six fertilizer levels (control, N30+PK, N60+PK, N90+PK, N120+PK, N150+PK) and two genotypes (Jumbo, Enterprise). Four plant density levels, 45 thousand ha-1, 55 thousand ha-1, 65 thousand ha-1 and 75 thousand ha-1 were used. In the early sowing time the highest yield was obtained with 65 thousand ha-1 plant density level and N120+PK treatment of Jumbo (18169 kg ha-1), while the maximum yield of Enterprise was 17818 kg ha-1 with 75 thousand ha-1 plant density level and N90+PK dose. In case of the late sowing time both hybrids gave the highest yield with 75 thousand ha-1 plant density level and N30 +PKtreatment, with a crop yield of 13143 kg ha-1 (Jumbo) and 14324 kg ha-1, ( Enterprise). 

Effects of nutrient supply and sowing time on the yield and pathological traits of winter oilseed rape

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-205
Author(s):  
P. Pepó
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Spring Precipitation ◽  
Fertilizer Response ◽  
Sowing Time

The fertilizer response of oilseed rape (Brassica napus var. oleifera f. biennis L.) was investigated on the chernozem soil in Eastern Hungary in a three-year experiment with two sowing times. The results proved that oilseed rape had high fertilizer (N+PK) demand. In the experiments, N = 210 kg ha−1 +PK proved to be the optimal fertilizer dose. The yield-increasing effect of fertilization was 800 to 1300 kg ha−1, depending on the year. The maximum yield (5000 kg ha−1) was obtained in the year with least infection. The excellent natural nutrient-providing ability of chernozem soil was confirmed by the high yield level (3000–4200 kg ha−1) of the control treatment (N = 0 kg ha−1 +PK). The results showed that the specific fertilizer utilization efficiency of oilseed rape decreased if the dose of N+PK fertilizer was increased (being 19–27 kg/1 kg NPK in the control treatment and 11–12 kg/1 kg NPK in the N = 210 kg ha−1 +PK treatment). On the other hand, fertilization improved the water utilization from 4–8 kg/1 mm precipitation + irrigation water to 11–14 kg/1 mm precipitation + irrigation water. The results of these studies confirmed that hybrid rape had excellent adaptability to the sowing time. The results of Pearson’s correlation analysis showed a strong correlation (0.6*–0.9**) between the spring precipitation and temperature and the most important diseases (Sclerotinia, Alternaria, Peronospora, Phoma) attacking oilseed rape.

scholarly journals Rooting Depth, Growth and Yield of Corn as Affected by Soil Water Availability in an Ultisol and an Oxisol

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 316-328
Author(s):  
A. Wahab ◽  
H. Talleyrand ◽  
M. A. Lugo-López
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Water Availability ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
Soil Water Tension ◽  
Water Tension

Relationships between rooting depth, growth, and yields of corn and soil water availability in an Ultisol and an Oxisol are presented. Soil and crop management techniques considered to be adequate for maximum yield were used at the two experimental sites. At each site one treatment was irrigated as often as necessary to maintain a water tension of less than 1 bar. Soil properties, plant growth, effective rooting depth, soil water availability, plant water deficits, crop yields, and weather conditions were recorded. During a prolonged drought and at grain filling, corn growing in a typical Oxisol extracted soil water to a depth of 120 cm, and plants became water stressed after a soil water tension of 15 bars developed at 90 cm. In a typical Ultisol plants could not extract water effectively below 30 cm. Plants grew better in the Oxisol than in the Ultisol. Grain yields approached 9.4 tons/ha in the former but only 3.1 tons/ha in the latter.

scholarly journals Dynamics of the availability of available moisture in soil by optimization of sowing time and density of statement of sunflower plants in the Right-Bank Steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 68-77
Author(s):  
Hennadii Pinkovskyi ◽  
Semen Tanchyk
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Flowering Phase ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
To Receive

Abstract. The article presents the results of scientific researches on the influence of sowing time and density of standing of sunflower plants on the dynamics of the content of available moisture in soil in the conditions of the Right-bank Steppe of Ukraine. One of the decisive factors for the achievement of high and sustainable crop yields in the conditions of unstable moistening of the Right-Bank Steppe of Ukraine is the accumulation and rational use of moisture, which is one of the most important unregulated factors limiting the yield. On average, during the years of research, the most available moisture in the 0-10 cm soil layer was in the first sowing period - when it was heated to a depth of seed 5 - 60C and was 25.0 mm. It was found that the moisture available to plants in the meter layer of soil at the time of sowing remained high and significantly influenced the dynamics of emergence of seedlings. On average, during the years of research, the most available moisture in the 0-100 cm soil layer was during the first sowing period - for warming it to a depth of seed 5 - 60C - 178.6 mm. In such conditions, quite favorable conditions of moistening of the sowing layer of soil are created in order to receive friendly and complete seedlings when sowing in the first - second decade of April. However, at the end of the third decade of April, there is a significant decrease in gross moisture reserves in the sowing and deeper layers of soil, which limits the productivity of crops. Of particular importance for sunflower plants is the content of available moisture in the 0 - 100 cm layer of soil after the formation of baskets. During this period, the sunflower intensively consumes the available moisture from the deeper layers of soil. Analyzing the results of the research, it should be noted that in most cases, a higher seed yield in sunflower hybrids was formed in those variants where the period from the formation of the basket to flowering occurred in June or the first decade of July, regardless of the year of fall medium long-term indicators. It was also found that the moisture available to plants in the meter layer of soil in the flowering phase was different during the years of research and varied in terms of sowing and depended on the density of plants. The highest moisture reserves available to the plants in the soil layer were 0-100 cm, in the crops of Forward hybrids, LG 56.32, LG 54.85, LG 55.82 were at planting densities of 60 thousand hectares, at the first sowing period - in the flowering phase - 127 mm.  The optimal sunflower sowing period for LG 55.82 and LG 54.85 hybrids in the Right Bank steppe is soil warming up to a depth of seed 5-60C, for Forward and LG 56.32 hybrids is warming up to, a depth of seed 9-100C, optimal density - 60 thousand on ha. Under these conditions, the LG 55.82 hybrid produced a yield of 3.85 t / ha, the LG hybrid 54.85 - 3.64 t / ha, the Forward - 3.09 t / ha, the LG hybrid 56.32 - 3.62 t / ha. Taking into account the annual variation of weather conditions of spring sowing, it should be differentiated with regard to water and heat regimes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of reaction to plant density of sunflower hybrids by regression and Kang’s stability analysis

2008 ◽  
pp. 101-109
Author(s):  
András Szabó
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
The World ◽  
Research Institute

The world production area and the total production of sunflower has significantly been growing. The harvested yield was 23.4 and 21.1 million ha in 2005 and 2001, respectively. The total sunflower seed production has also unexpectedly increased.Although sunflower is produced on lower quality soils in Hungary, in 2005 the average harvested yield was 2.43 t ha-1, which was the highest in the world. Sunflower is a typical commercial plant and fits well in the crop structure. Since in terms of acreage the most significant crops are corn and cereals, the partial monoculture cultivation cannot be avoided. Sunflower production is a way to eliminate this problem, therefore it has an important role both in cultivation and ecological points of view.Accordingly, sunflower has an important role in reducing the monoculture cultivation of some plants, as well as increasing biodiversity. Sunflower well adapts to Hungary’s climatic conditions and its production is easily practicable in our country.The reaction of sunflower hybrids on crop density change is different. Some hybrids are more some are less sensitive to this parameter. In different crop years, the crop density optimums of the different genotypes are also different. In Hungary, the yield and quality is primarily determined by fungal infections, while viruses and bacteria are less important.The research was conducted at the Látókép farm and Regional Research Institute of the University of Debrecen, Centre of Agricultural Sciences. The research institute is situated by Road 33,15 km from Debrecen in the Hajdúság. The duration of the experiment was seven years, 10 hybrids were examined in each year.Two hybrids used every year, Aréna/PR and Alexandra/PR hybrids were tested by Kang’s stability analysis. We found that Alexandra/PR was most balanced at every levels of crop density. Both hybrids performed most stable yield at 65000 ha-1 crop density level and less balanced at 35000 ha-1 crop density level. As a result of improved environmental conditions, the yield increase of Aréna/PR was higher than that of Alexandra/PR.Our regression analysis found that the maximum yield of Lympil, Louidor, Hysun 321, PR63A82 and PR64A63 hybrids were harvested at 47000-60000 plant ha-1 crop density level. The statistical analysis showed that the highest yield was harvested from Lympil and Hysun 321. As regards the crop yield, the most stable hybrids were Louidor and Lympil. The optimum crop density interval of Rigasol/PR and Larisol (58000 plant ha-1) was wider than that of Diabolo (46000 plant ha-1). The maximum yield of Larisol was higher at the optimal crop density level. As regards yield, Diabol was the most stable hybrid.The statistical analysis on the stability of the yield of Alexandra/PR and Aréna/PR showed that Aréna/PR is more stable, and its optimal crop density level is lower than that of Alexandra/PR.

scholarly journals effect of agrotechnological factors and the cropping season on sweetcorn (Zea Mays L. convar. saccharata Koern.) production in a humid year

2010 ◽  
pp. 146-151
Author(s):  
Ádám Lente
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Density Level ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The University

We have examined the effect of three agrotechnological factors (sowing time, fertilization, crop density) and four genotypes on the yieldof sweetcorn on chernozem soil in the Hajdúság region in 2009. The experiment was set up at the Látókép Research Site of the University ofDebrecen. We have included two sowing times (27 April, 26 May), six nutrition levels (control, N30+PK, N60+PK, N90+PK, N120+PK,N150+PK) and four genotypes (Jumbo, Enterprise, Prelude, Box-R) at two crop density levels (45 thousand ha-1).In the humid cropyear of 2010 the amount of precipitation exceeded the 30-year average by 184 mm in the cropping season; the averagetemperature exceeded the same by 0.8 C on the average of the examined months. The circumstances were most favourable for sweetcornproduction with the first sowing time, thus, this was when the yield of all hybrids was the highest.With early sowing time, the highest yield (23437 kg ha-1 yield) was obtained with Enterprise at 45 thousand ha-1 crop density level atN150 + PK nutrition level. The highest yield of the other three hybrids was 22253 kg ha-1 (Jumbo) 22286 kg ha-1 (Box-R) and 1873 kg ha-1(Prelude). With the second sowing time, the highest yield was obtained with Enterprise again (22237 kg ha-1) at 65 thousand ha-1 cropdensity level. With this sowing time the yield of Jumbo, Box-R and Prelude was 20888 kg ha-1, 17796 kg ha-1 and 17401 kg ha-1, respectively.We found that the highest yield was obtained at the highest nutrition levels (N120 + PK, N150 +PK) with the first sowing time, while the samewas obtained at lower nutrition levels (N90 + PK, N120 + PK) with the second sowing time.

scholarly journals The effect of the sowing time on the yield and oil content of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) in different crop protection models

2015 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Adrienn Novák
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Fungicide Treatment ◽  
Planting Time ◽  
Yield Production ◽  
Helianthus Annus ◽  
The University

The field research was carried out at the experimental farm of the University of Debrecen at Látókép on calcareous chernozem soil in Hungary. We examined the effects of the sowing time and the fungicide treatment on the yield, oil yield and oil content of two different genotypes of sunflower hybrids (NK Ferti, PR64H42) in 2012 and 2013. We applied three different sowing times (early, average, late) and two different treatment levels of fungicides (control =no fungicides applied, double fungicide protection). During our research, we received better results in 2013 than in 2012. The application of different planting times affected the yield and oil yield production and the oil content as well. The optimal circumstances for yield and oil yield production were provided by late planting in 2012, while by average planting time in 2013. The highest oil yield results were reached by late plating in both years (except for hybrid PR64H42 in the double treated parcels where average plating time turned out to be more effective). The correlation between the plating time, the yield and oil yield production and the oil content was strong in 2012 (r=0.600**, r=0.639**, r=0.590**). On the other side, in 2013, the correlation was medium between the planting time, the yield production and the oil content. We applied Pearson’s correlation to analyze the effect of the double fungicide treatment on the yield and oil yield production (2012: r=0.498**, r=0.407**). These results were better in 2013 (r=0.603**, r=0.623**), besides, the double fungicide treatment also increased the oil content (r=0.315**).

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