scholarly journals PROTEÍNA BRUTA DE FORRAGEIRAS TROPICAIS NO INVERNO ANTES E APÓS OCORRÊNCIA DE GEADA NA REGIÃO DO EXTREMO SUL CATARINENSE / CRUDE PROTEIN OF TROPICAL FORAGE IN WINTER BEFORE AND AFTER THE OCCURRENCE OF FROST IN THE EXTREME SOUTHERN CATARINESE REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 14011-14022
Author(s):  
Lucas Boss ◽  
Miguelangelo Ziegler Arboitte ◽  
Juliana Muliterno Thurow ◽  
Liliane Cerdotes ◽  
Franciele de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Proximate and Nutritional Composition of Stored Bulb Onions as Affected by Harvest and Postharvest Treatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Irene N. Kiura ◽  
Bernard M. Gichimu ◽  
Felix Rotich
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Sodium Content ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Harvesting Stage

Productivity of bulb onions (Allium cepa L.) is largely constrained by postharvest losses. There are several postharvest strategies applicable to onions, but they are mostly applied singularly and therefore their combined effects have not been well studied. This study was set out to evaluate the effects of harvesting stage, curing period, and time of topping on postharvest quality of stored red bulb onions. The study was carried out in Yatta Subcounty, Machakos County, Kenya. The experimental design was split-split plot laid out in a 3 × 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. The treatments consisted of harvesting stage (25%, 50%, and 75% top fall), curing period (none, 1 week, and 2 weeks after harvesting), and time of topping (before and after curing). All the treatments were replicated three times. After 3 months of storage, the bulbs were analyzed for proximate and nutritional composition. Bulbs that were harvested at 75% top fall and cured for one or two weeks before topping retained higher moisture content, bulb weight, crude protein, vitamin C, zinc, potassium, calcium, and iron but lower sodium content after three-month storage. These practices are therefore recommended for maintaining the nutritional quality of bulb onions after harvesting.

scholarly journals Nutrient intake, digestibility and nitrogen balance of two temperate and two tropical forage legume hays fed to New Zealand white rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-142
Author(s):  
T. T. Akpensuen ◽  
J. T. Amodu ◽  
R. J. Tanko ◽  
S. B. Abdu ◽  
O. A. T. Namo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits

An experiment was carried out to evaluate two temperate forage legumes (Trifolium pratense and Trifolium repens) and two tropical forage legumes (Stylosanthes guianensis and Centrosema molle) for hay intake and digestibility in the cool tropical climate of Vom, Jos, Plateau State of Nigeria. The legumes were planted in the month of June, 2016 and harvested at early-podding stage for hay. Sixteen (16) growing male New Zealand White rabbits were used for the digestibility study. The rabbits were arranged in a Completely Randomised Design and in individual cages measuring 55 cm x 39 cm x 40 cm. Nutrient contents, intake and digestibility in rabbits were determined. Crude protein content was significantly (P<0.01) higher in T. repens (18.38%) compared to T. pratense (16.50 %), whereas S. guianensis produced the least value of 13.83%. The crude fibre content of the hay was significantly higher (P<0.0I) in S. guianensis (37.29 %) compared to the other forage legumes. Dry matter intake was significantly (P<0.01) higher in rabbits fed T. repens (77.88%) compared to T. pratense (76.57%), and the lowest value of 62.97% was obtained in S. guianensis. Crude protein intake was significantly (P<0.01) higher in rabbits fed T. repens (15.05 g d-1) compared to those fed T. pratense (12.71 g d-1), but S. guianensis had the least value of 8.64 g d-1. On the other hand, rabbits fed S. guianensis hay had a higher (P<0.01) crude fibre intake (23.39%). Trifolium repens was significantly (P<0.01) higher in dry matter and crude protein digestibility (64.79 and 85. 88 %), while S. guianensis had lower values of 56.89 and 71.33%, respectively. Trifolium repens also had a significantly (P<0.01) higher total nitrogen intake and retained compared to the other forage legumes. Nitrogen retained in T. repens was 2.40 g d-1 compared to 1.87 g d-1 in T. pretense, while S. guianensis had the lowest of 1.34 g d-1. The temperate forage legume hays were higher in nutrient content, intake and digestibility compared to the tropical legume hays. Therefore, the forage crops may serve as better supplementary feeds for livestock feeding especially during the dry season.

scholarly journals Effect of odontoplasty on apparent digestibility and consumption time of diet for equines

2018 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
F.C.D. Araújo ◽  
M.G. Cruz ◽  
J.C.C. Balieiro ◽  
M.L. Menezes ◽  
C.G. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dietary Nutrients ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of odontoplasty on apparent digestibility of diet for horses, consumption time, and particle size of feces. Nine horses were used, aged 14.5±3.3 years and weightng 531±38.7kg. The diet consisted of 1.5% of live weight (LW) in Tifton 85 hay and 0.75% of LW in concentrate for both assays. The experiment consisted of two tests of apparent digestibility using the method of total collection, before and after the odontoplasty, where the consumption time of hay and concentrate was also evaluated and the particle size of the feces was analyzed. An effect (P<0.05) of odontoplasty on the apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber was observed. Effect of the consumption time for the concentrate (P<0.05) was observed, but not for the forage (P<0.05). There was more retention (P<0.05) of the fecal particles in the sieves of bigger granulometry. The odontoplasty increases the digestibility of dietary nutrients and feces particle size, without changing feces quality. Animals after the procedure have shorter concentrate consumption time.

Nitrogen Fertilization and Cutting Frequency, Yield and Chemical Composition of Five Tropical Grasses

1969 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
J. Velez-Santiago ◽  
J. A. Arroyo-Aguilu
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Digitaria Decumbens ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Harvest Intervals ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

Five tropical forage grasses: Star (Cynodon nlemfuensis), Transvala digit (Digitaria decumbens), Pangola (Digitaria decumbens) and two Limpos (Hemarthria altissima, Bigalta and Greenalta), were cultivated without irrigation for 1.5 years at the Corozal Agricultural Experiment Substation to study the effects of 3 N fertilization levels and 3 harvest intervals (30, 45, and 60 days) on the green forage (GF), dry forage (DF), and crude protein (CP) yields and on the dry matter (DM), CP, P, and K contents. The soil is a Corozal clay (Uitisol). N levels, as (NH4)2SO4, applied after each harvest, included low, 224; medium, 448; and high, 896 kg/ha/yr. P and K were applied at rates of 112 and 336 kg/ha/yr, respectively. DM content and DF and CP yields increased significantly with longer harvest intervals. The medium N level resulted in the highest CP yields, except in the case of Star grass, in which high N fertilization gave greater CP yield. Bigalta, Star, and Transvala digit cultivars exhibited the highest GF, DF, and CP yields. DF yields (means across the 3 harvest intervals and the 3 N levels) for Bigalta, Greenalta, Transvala, Star, and Pangola grasses were 35,421; 29,209; 31 ,699; 32,383; and 24,461 kg/ha/yr, respectively.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Protein Value of Fresh Tropical Forage Grasses and Forage Legumes Using In Vitro and Chemical Fractionation Methods

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2853
Author(s):  
Khaterine C. Salazar-Cubillas ◽  
Uta Dickhoefer
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Chemical Fractionation ◽  
Forage Grasses ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Passage Rate ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Tropical Forage

The objectives of the present study were (1) to assess the adequacy of the in vitro and chemical methods to predict post-ruminal crude protein supply (PRCP) from fresh tropical forage, and (2) to identify PRCP supply predictors. Twenty-three fresh forage grasses and 15 forage legumes commonly used in domestic cattle feeding in the tropics and subtropics were incubated in the rumen of cows to determine ruminal crude protein (CP) degradation. The PRCP supply was calculated from in situ rumen-undegraded CP and in vitro organic matter digestibility (i.e., reference method), from ammonia-nitrogen release during in vitro incubation (i.e., in vitro method), and from the concentrations of chemical CP fractions (i.e., chemical method). The adequacy was evaluated using error-index and dimensionless parameters, and stepwise regression was used to select PRCP predictors. Adequacy ranged from poor to moderate (0.53 to 0.74) for the in vitro method being lower for forage legumes at a slow rumen passage rate (0.20), and even poorer (0.02 to 0.13) for the chemical method. Hence, the in vitro method can estimate PRCP supply in tropical forages with moderate to high but not with slow passage rates. Equations developed in the present study appear to predict PRCP supply with reasonable adequacy.

scholarly journals The effect of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) flour as an extender on the physic-chemical properties of beef and hamburgers

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (55) ◽  
pp. 7019-7034
Author(s):  
GA Teye ◽  
◽  
G Boamah ◽  
M Teye ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cylindrical Tube ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Cowpea Flour ◽  
Four Levels

This study was conducted in search of meat extenders/filler, which would minimize excessive bulging (swelling at the centre) of beef and hamburgers so as to enhance their use in sandwiches. The potential of dehulled cowpea flour was evaluated in beef and hamburgers, to determine its effects on the sensory, physical and chemical characteristics of these products. The Black-eyed cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) variety was steam treated at 100°C, dehulled, sundried for 48 hours and ground into flour. Boneless beef and pork (6kg each) were minced and apportioned into four groups of 1.5kg each for the preparation of the burgers. The beef and hamburgers were formulated separately at four levels of cowpea flour inclusions; T1 (control; no cowpea flour), T2 (5%), T3 (7.5%) and T4 (10%) of minced meat, on weight basis. All other ingredients were added in equal amounts to the minced beef and mixed in a mechanical mixer, after which they were moulded manually using a cylindrical tube into uniform shapes and sizes, and stored in a chest freezer for 12 hours to harden, after which they were bagged and stored for analyses. The weights, thicknesses and diameters of the products were taken before, and after cooking to determine the physical changes in them. The crude protein, fat moisture and lipid peroxidation of the products were determined. The burgers were grilled in an oven to a core temperature of 70°C and served to a 15-member taste panel for evaluation. The results indicate that cowpea flour in burgers increases the crude protein content, reduces the crude fat content and has no negative effect on sensory and lipid peroxidation of these products. There were reductions in product bulging and shrinkage with an increase in cowpea flour inclusion. Cowpea flour is recommended for inclusion in beef and hamburgers up to 10% on weight basis.

Effect of protein supplementation in the rumen, abomasum, or both on intake, digestibility, and nitrogen utilisation in cattle fed high-quality tropical forage

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (10) ◽  
pp. 1993 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Batista ◽  
E. Detmann ◽  
D. I. Gomes ◽  
L. M. A. Rufino ◽  
M. F. Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
High Quality ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake ◽  
N Compounds

Effects of differing proportions of ruminal and abomasal protein infusion on intake, digestion, ruminal dynamics and the metabolic parameters of nitrogen (N) compounds were evaluated in beef bulls fed high-quality tropical forage (98.6 g crude protein, CP/kg dry matter) for ad libitum intake. Four Nelore bulls (280 ± 10 kg bodyweight) fitted with ruminal and abomasal cannulas were studied in a 4 × 4 Latin square. Treatments included: Control (no supplement) or 230 g/day of supplemental CP (as casein), with ratios of abomasal : ruminal infusion of 0 : 100, 50 : 50 or 100 : 0. Organic matter intake was not affected by treatments (P ≥ 0.30), though N intake increased by supplementation (P < 0.001). Total CP and organic matter digestibility were increased (P < 0.02) by protein supplementation. Nitrogen balance was 43% greater (P < 0.02) in the treatments with supplementation. Although supplementation did not affect (P = 0.98) the efficiency of absorbed N, a tendency towards a positive linear effect (P = 0.08) was observed when modifying the site of supplementation from the rumen to the abomasum. Supplementation increased (P < 0.01) ruminal ammonia-N, serum urea-N, urinary N and urea-N excretion, which subsequently decreased linearly (P < 0.01) by the displacement of supplementation from the rumen to the abomasum. The results indicate that protein supplementation, either in the rumen or abomasum produces similar effects on N retention. However, the metabolic mechanisms responsible for the improved N retention appear to differ between supplementation sites. Additionally, the efficiency of N utilisation increases with infusion of protein into the abomasum.

Quality Improvement of Biomaterial of Lemna Sp

2019 ◽  
Vol 966 ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuli Andriani ◽  
Iskandar ◽  
Irfan Zidni ◽  
Risdiana
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Functional Material ◽  
Crude Fiber Content ◽  
Fermentation Method ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Average Size

The quality of biomaterial of Lemna sp. as functional material for fish feed has been improved by solid substrate fermentation method. The fermentation was performed by using 5% commercial probiotic. The content of nutrition, size and diameter particle, and functional group of Lemna sp before and after fermentation have been investigated. After fermentation, it is found that the crude protein increased from 13.22% to 18.64% and crude fiber content decreased from 20.08% to 12.45%. The average size particle and distance between particles of fermented Lemna sp meal were 193.534 μm and 573.955 μm, respectively. While the functional group did not change after fermentation, the present result indicated that fermentation process can improve the quality of biomaterial of Lemna sp as functional material for fish feed.

Influence of nutritional and socio-sexual cues upon reproductive efficiency of goats exposed to the male effect under extensive conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 897 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Flores-Najera ◽  
C. A. Meza-Herrera ◽  
F. G. Echavarría ◽  
E. Villagomez ◽  
L. Iñiguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Male Effect ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Female Effect

This study evaluated the effect of nutritional supplementation and socio-sexual cues upon reproductive efficiency of goats exposed to the male effect under rangeland grazing conditions (22°N). Criollo goats (n = 73) were distributed in four experimental groups: (1) continuous males (CM, n = 19) in which males (n = 2) remained together with females from 7 March to 28 July; (2) supplemented males (SM, n = 16) in which males (n = 2) were kept separately and were individually supplemented with 18% crude protein and 2.77 Mcal ME kg–1 DM, during a 30-day period; (3) supplemented males exposed to the female effect (SM + FE, n = 19), in which supplemented males (n = 2) were maintained with females induced to oestrus before being used for male effect; and (4) supplemented males and supplemented females (SM + SF, n = 19) in which males (n = 2) were supplemented as in group SM, and females received the same supplementation as males 30 days before and 30 days after male introduction. Grazing was performed from 0900 to 1900 hours; liveweight (LW) was registered weekly before grazing and (or) supplementation. Ovarian activity was evaluated (serum P4 concentrations) in the four groups before and after male introduction. At the beginning of the study and supplementation, female LW did not differ among treatments (P > 0.01). However, during the supplementation phase, LW increased in a different fashion among groups (P < 0.002), favouring the SM, SM + FE and SM + SF groups. A positive correlation between female LW at the beginning of the rainy season and the onset of ovulatory activity was observed (r = +0.90; P < 0.01). The average date for the onset of ovarian activity differed (P < 0.001) among groups, being earlier in the SM + SF group (9 May ± 4.3 days), which also depicted the shortest interval between the introduction of males until the onset of ovulatory activity (P < 0.001). Results of the present study indicate that nutritional signalling of the reproductive activity of both female and male Criollo goats reared under marginal conditions surmounts the inhibitory effects of long-day photoperiods during the non-reproductive season. An increased level of nutrition during the anestrous season may be used to increase reproductive function of both male and female goats reared in harsh nutritional conditions and applied as a green, clean, and ethical reproductive tool at these latitudes.

scholarly journals Conservation and chemical composition of Leucaena Leucocephala plus fresh or wilted Pennisetum purpureum mixed silages

2015 ◽  
pp. 4895-4906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Santana P ◽  
Mario Cisneros L ◽  
Yordan Martínez A ◽  
Yoandris Pascual S
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACTObjective. Quantify the effects of mixing Leucaena (L) with King grass forage, fresh (K) or wilted (Kp), on the fermentation process and chemical composition of mixed silages. Materials and methods. Silos were produced mixing several proportions (kg:kg) K:L and Kp:L (100:0; 75:25; 60:40; 50:50; 40:60 and 0:100) of both types of plants, under a completely randomized design of four replications. The quantity of organic acids (butyric, acetic, lactic), pH, ammonia nitrogen percent and some of the typical bromatologic nutrients of the forage before and after ensiling were measured. The treatment effects were evaluated through variance and regression analysis. Results. The results clearly proved the differences (p<0.05) between King grass and Leucaena which promote its mixing and wilting: better legume contents of crude protein (24 vs. 7%), dry matter (33.77 vs. 22.05%) and crude fiber (26.53 vs. 32.5%). Clear benefits on the conservation process of mixed silages were also measured: higher lactic productions and less butyric, acceptable pH (4.02-4.8) and protein degradation (<8%). In addition, a positive effect on the chemical composition of the aforementioned silages was quantified (crude protein, dry matter and crude fiber progressive improvement). Conclusions. Mixed K+L silages are better than pure K if L is included below 25% in KL and up to 40% when K has been wilted. Higher inclusions of L will worsen the conservation process and will limit its elaboration.

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