scholarly journals A Literature Review of Neospora caninum Infection in Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Jamal Gharekhani ◽  
Mohammad Yakhchali ◽  
Fariba Keramat ◽  
Reza Berahmat
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
First Time

Background: Neosporosis is a parasitic disease caused by Neospora caninum. This parasite is an obligate intracellular coccidia similar to Toxoplasma gondii with a global distribution. With regard to the experimental studies, vertical transmission of the parasite in the monkey (non-human primates) has increased the concern about the zoonotic potential of this disease. The principal aim of the current research was to perform a mini-review on investigations regarding the Neospora infection in humans on a global scale for the first time. Methods: All peer-reviewed articles (published until April 2021) on the Neospora infection in humans were searched in English databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and ProQuest. Results: Based on data in the available articles, the presence of antibodies against the Neospora infection was between 0 and 37.7% in people from different countries. The seroprevalence rate of this infection in HIV-positive individuals was higher (26.6% and 37.7%) compared to other cases. Finally, the genomic DNA of Neospora was detected up to 1% using molecular biology techniques. Conclusions: Overall, the detection of anti-Neospora antibodies in humans indicated that people have been exposed to the parasite. Comprehensive research studies are essential for clarifying the risk factors associated with the Neospora infection in humans. This report provides the baseline information for future researchers. Molecular investigations and genotypic works on N. caninum isolates are highly recommended as well.

scholarly journals Risk factor analysis associated with Neospora caninum in dairy cattle in Western Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Poliana de Jesus Souza Venturoso ◽  
Osvaldo Juliatti Venturoso ◽  
Gisele Glomba Silva ◽  
Maerle Oliveira Maia ◽  
Rute Witter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Test ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Present Survey ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
And Control

Abstract Neospora caninum is considered to be one of the main causes of abortion among cattle. The present survey was conducted in the municipality of Rolim de Moura, Rondônia State, Brazil. A questionnaire that investigates the epidemiological aspects of neosporosis was used in the analysis of risk factors associated with the animal-level and herd-level prevalence in dairy cattle. A total of 416 bovine blood samples were collected from 30 farms, and N. caninum antibody levels were measured by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT). Analysis of dairy cattle serum samples revealed the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies to be 47.36% (n = 197). Risk factors associated with N. caninum infection were the management system and access locations of dogs. The results of the present survey indicated that infection of dairy cattle with N. caninum is widespread in the studied region of Western Amazon, which has implications for prevention and control of neosporosis in this region. Therefore, integrated control strategies and measures are recommended to prevent and control N. caninum infection in dairy cattle. In addition, direct contact between dairy cattle, dogs and wild animals, which can influence the epidemiology of neosporosis, should be investigated further.

Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Neospora caninum infection in different dog populations in Spain

2008 ◽  
Vol 152 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 148-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Collantes-Fernández ◽  
M. Gómez-Bautista ◽  
G. Miró ◽  
G. Álvarez-García ◽  
J. Pereira-Bueno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Molecular and Serological Evaluation of Neospora caninum Infection in Dogs from a Rural Setting in Fars Province, Southern Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morvarid HARIRI ◽  
Nasir AREFKHAH ◽  
Fariba GHORBANI ◽  
Mehdi NAMAVARI ◽  
Mostafa OMIDIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southern Iran

Background: Dogs, as the definitive host of Neospora caninum, are important in the epidemiology of this parasitic infection. We aimed to determine the prevalence of N. caninum infection in a dog population from a rural setting in Fars Province, Southern Iran, using a combination of molecular and serological techniques. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Nov 2018 in three rural districts, Sar Mashhad, HosseinAbad, and Tolesaman located in Kazeroun Township in Fars province, southern Iran. Blood samples were taken from 60 stray and household dogs. Dogs’ sera were tested for antibodies against N. caninum, using a Neospora-Modified Agglutination Test. Moreover, dogs’ buffy coats were tested for Neospora DNA, using a molecular method. Results: Anti-Neospora antibodies were detected in sera of 4 out of 60 dogs, corresponding to a seroprevalence rate of 6.7%. Out of 25 female dogs, 1 was seropositive and of 35 males, 3 were seropositive, yet the differences were not statistically significant. The infection was more prevalent in adult dogs (> 12 months), nevertheless, the differences between age and Neospora seropositivity was not statistically significant. N. caninum DNA was not detected in the buffy coat of any of the studied dogs. Conclusion: Findings of the study indicate that N. caninum is a common infection in dogs in rural areas of Fars province in southern Iran. The infected dogs mig

Low rates of Neospora caninum infection reactivation during gestation are observed in both chronically and congenitally infected mice

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. JIMÉNEZ-RUIZ ◽  
G. ÁLVAREZ-GARCíA ◽  
A. AGUADO-MARTÍNEZ ◽  
L. M. ORTEGA-MORA
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
High Virulence ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
First Time ◽  
Group 1

SUMMARYEndogenous transplacental transmission (EnTT) of Neospora caninum is the most common route of infection in cattle and occurs as a consequence of a reactivation of N. caninum infection that may lead to abortion or to the birth of congenitally infected calves. The reactivation of N. caninum infection was studied during the gestation of chronically infected dams and, for the first time, in their congenitally infected pups. BALB/c mice were infected with Nc-Spain 7 (Group 1) or Nc-Spain 3H (Group 2), high virulence isolates and low-to-moderate virulence isolates, respectively. The mice were mated after 90 days post-infection, and the morbidity, mortality, vertical transmission and humoral immune responses were recorded for 2 consecutive generations. In the first generation, higher morbidity and mortality rates were observed in G1 before mating than in G2 (P < 0·0001). In the second generation, low vertical transmission rates were observed in both inoculated groups (7·7% and 17·1% in G1 and G2, respectively) and were significantly diminished in the third generation (8·7% in G2 versus 0% in G1). Low rates of reactivation of N. caninum infection were induced in chronically infected mice and decreased in subsequent generations regardless of the isolate employed in the inoculations. Thus, further studies are needed to improve this reactivation mouse model.

scholarly journals Protection against Lethal Neospora caninum Infection in Mice Induced by Heterologous Vaccination with a mic1 mic3 Knockout Toxoplasma gondii Strain

2009 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Marcela Penarete-Vargas ◽  
Marie Noelle Mévélec ◽  
Sarah Dion ◽  
Edouard Sèche ◽  
Isabelle Dimier-Poisson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Neonatal Morbidity ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Intracellular Parasites ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vertebrate Hosts

ABSTRACT Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii are closely related, obligate intracellular parasites infecting a wide range of vertebrate hosts and causing abortion and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Several lines of evidence suggest that cross immunity between these two pathogens could be exploited in the design of strategies for heterologous vaccination. We assessed the ability of an attenuated strain of T. gondii (“mic1-3KO strain”) conferring strong protection against chronic and congenital toxoplasmosis to protect mice against lethal N. caninum infection. Mice immunized with mic1-3KO tachyzoites by the oral and intraperitoneal routes developed a strong cellular Th1 response and displayed significant protection against lethal heterologous N. caninum infection, with survival rates of 70% and 80%, respectively, whereas only 30% of the nonimmunized mice survived. We report here the acquisition of heterologous protective immunity against N. caninum following immunization with a live attenuated mic1-3KO strain of T. gondii.

scholarly journals Neospora caninum Infection in Cattle in the Province of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, Southwest of Iran: Seroprevalence and Molecular Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Atefeh Darijani ◽  
Nasir Arefkhah ◽  
Sepehr Shahriarirad ◽  
Sina Zoghi ◽  
Mehdi Namavari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Southwest Of Iran

Introduction. Among the protozoa of veterinary importance, Neospora caninum is responsible for large economic and productive losses in cattle herds. Dogs are being considered the definitive hosts of the parasite. Neospora caninum has gained considerable attention through its role in the etiology of bovine abortion. The current study aimed at assessing the status of Neospora infection in cattle in Boyer-Ahmad County in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, southwest of Iran. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 150 cattle blood samples were collected and samples were screened for N. caninum antibodies using a modified direct agglutination test (MAT). For the same samples, 130 buffy coats were collected and tested, by PCR, for the presence of N. caninum DNA, targeting the Nc-5 gene. Results. Anti-N. caninum antibodies were detected in the sera of 49 out of 150 cattle which is corresponding to a seroprevalence rate of 32.7%. Neospora DNA was detected in buffy coats of 26 out of 127 (20.47%) cattle. Even though Neospora infection was more common in females and in five-year-old cattle by serology and molecular methods, yet there was no statistically significant difference between age, sex, and Neospora infection in both molecular and serological methods ( p > 0.05 ). Conclusion. Findings of the current study indicate a high rate of N. caninum infection in cattle of Boyer-Ahmad region in the southwest of Iran. This issue should be further investigated and the prevention and control of this parasite in livestock, due to the high financial burden of this parasite in the livestock industry, should be considered.

scholarly journals Neospora caninum infection in cattle in the state of Amazonas, Brazil: seroprevalence, spatial distribution and risk factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Cesar Gonçalves de Azevedo Filho ◽  
Müller Ribeiro-Andrade ◽  
Jomel Francisco dos Santos ◽  
Arthêmio Coelho dos Reis ◽  
José Wilton Pinheiro Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
The State ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Madeira River

Abstract Livestock in the Amazon has grown significantly and, although neosporosis in cattle has been reported worldwide, there is no information about N. caninum in production systems in the state of Amazonas. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle, their spatial distribution and the risk factors associated with N. caninum infection in the state of Amazonas. Questionnaires were applied to farmers to assess risk factors associated with N. caninum infection. Blood samples were collected from 1,073 animals on 47 farms in 33 municipalities in the four Amazonian subpopulations. IgG anti-N.caninum antibodies were detected by the indirect fluorescence test, with a general prevalence of 30.2%, being seropositive in 43 farms (91.5%), with prevalence ranging from 2.2% to 69.2%. The highest number of high density points was found in subpopulation 3 (municipality of Apuí and other municipalities on the Madeira River and affluent). It was concluded that N. caninum is present with high seroprevalence values, when compared to other cattle producing states in the Amazon region of Brazil. The identified factors can be used as risk indicators so that control measures can be implemented to prevent infection by N. caninum in these herds.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated factors with Neospora caninum infection in female water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) from Pernambuco, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pollyanne Raysa Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
Larice Bruna Ferreira Soares ◽  
Jonas de Melo Borges ◽  
Rinaldo Aparecido Mota ◽  
José Wilton Pinheiro Junior
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Water Buffaloes ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Optimal Efficiency ◽  
Positive Animal

Abstract Neosporosis is one of the major parasitic diseases that causes reproductive problems, making it a limitation for optimal efficiency in livestock. The aim of the present study was to conduct a seroepidemiological survey for bubaline neosporosis and to analyse associated factors associated with N. caninum infection in female water buffaloes in the State of Pernambuco, northeast Brazil. The prevalence of N. caninum infection in the bubaline herds examined was 35.4% (122/345; 95% CI: 30.4%-40.7%), at least 1 Neospora-positive animal was found in each farm. Associated factors for N. caninum infection identified in this study were exclusive pasture feeding (OR: 5.91, p <0.001) and purchase of animals of free fair and from reputable sellers (OR: 1.85; p =0.045). In this survey, we document the occurrence of neosporosis in female water buffaloes. Associated factors should be controlled in order to reduce the risk of N. caninum infection in these herds.

Genital abnormalities, hormonal contraception, and HIV transmission risk in Rwandan serodifferent couples

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin M Wall ◽  
Etienne Karita ◽  
Julien Nyombayire ◽  
Rosine Ingabire ◽  
Jeannine Mukamuyango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Female Partner ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Genital Ulceration ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Contraception Use ◽  
Hiv Acquisition

Abstract Background We explored the role of genital abnormalities and hormonal contraception in HIV transmission among heterosexual serodifferent couples in Rwanda. Methods From 2002-2011, non-antiretroviral treatment using HIV serodifferent couples were followed and sociodemographic and clinical data were collected, family planning provided, and HIV-negative partners retested. Couples were assessed for genital ulcers; non-ulcerative genital sexually transmitted infection (STI) including gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis; and non-STI vaginal infections including bacterial vaginosis and candida. Multivariable models evaluated associations between covariates and HIV transmission genetically linked to the index partner. Results Among 877 couples where the man was HIV-positive, 37 linked transmissions occurred. Factors associated with women’s HIV acquisition included female partner genital ulceration (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]=14.1) and male partner non-ulcerative STI (aHR=8.6). Among 955 couples where the woman was HIV-positive, 46 linked transmissions occurred. Factors associated with men’s HIV acquisition included female partner non-ulcerative STI (aHR=4.4), non-STI vaginal dysbiosis (aHR=7.1), and male partner genital ulceration (aHR=2.6). Hormonal contraception use was not associated with HIV transmission or acquisition. Conclusions Our findings underscore the need for integrating HIV services with care for genital abnormalities. Barriers (e.g., cost for training, demand creation, advocacy, client education; provider time; clinic space) to joint HIV/STI testing need to be considered and addressed.

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