scholarly journals Molecular and Serological Evaluation of Neospora caninum Infection in Dogs from a Rural Setting in Fars Province, Southern Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morvarid HARIRI ◽  
Nasir AREFKHAH ◽  
Fariba GHORBANI ◽  
Mehdi NAMAVARI ◽  
Mostafa OMIDIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southern Iran

Background: Dogs, as the definitive host of Neospora caninum, are important in the epidemiology of this parasitic infection. We aimed to determine the prevalence of N. caninum infection in a dog population from a rural setting in Fars Province, Southern Iran, using a combination of molecular and serological techniques. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Nov 2018 in three rural districts, Sar Mashhad, HosseinAbad, and Tolesaman located in Kazeroun Township in Fars province, southern Iran. Blood samples were taken from 60 stray and household dogs. Dogs’ sera were tested for antibodies against N. caninum, using a Neospora-Modified Agglutination Test. Moreover, dogs’ buffy coats were tested for Neospora DNA, using a molecular method. Results: Anti-Neospora antibodies were detected in sera of 4 out of 60 dogs, corresponding to a seroprevalence rate of 6.7%. Out of 25 female dogs, 1 was seropositive and of 35 males, 3 were seropositive, yet the differences were not statistically significant. The infection was more prevalent in adult dogs (> 12 months), nevertheless, the differences between age and Neospora seropositivity was not statistically significant. N. caninum DNA was not detected in the buffy coat of any of the studied dogs. Conclusion: Findings of the study indicate that N. caninum is a common infection in dogs in rural areas of Fars province in southern Iran. The infected dogs mig

scholarly journals AsymptomaticLeishmaniaInfected Children: A Seroprevalence and Molecular Survey in a Rural Area of Fars Province, Southern Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Layegh Gigloo ◽  
Bahador Sarkari ◽  
Zahra Rezaei ◽  
Gholam Reza Hatam ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Davami
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Southern Iran ◽  
Negative Findings ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control

The current study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in asymptomatic healthy children in a rural area of Fars province, Southern Iran. Blood samples were taken from 617 asymptomatic healthy children and serum samples along with buffy coat were separated from the blood. The serum samples were assessed for antibodies againstLeishmania infantumby an indirect ELISA and the buffy coats were tested for the presence ofL. infantumDNA by molecular method. Of the 617 recruited children, 297 (48.1%) were female and 317 (51.4%) were male. Anti-Leishmaniaantibodies were detected in 17 (2.8%) of the children. From those 17 seropositive cases, 5 (29.4%) were male and 12 (70.6%) cases were female. Children aged 5–8 years had the highest seroprevalence rate; however, no associations were found between seropositivity toLeishmaniaand gender or age of the children. Moreover,L. infantumDNA was detected in buffy coat of 8 (1.3%) of 617 children. Three of the PCR-positive cases were seropositive whereas 14 of seropositive subjects (82.3%) were PCR-negative. Findings of the current study revealed a considerable subclinical leishmanial infection in children in the studied rural area in the south of Iran. Results of the current study could be used for surveillance, prevention, and control of VL in the area.

scholarly journals Pattern of Changes in Age-specific Fertility Rates, Total Fertility Rate, and Cohort Fertility Rate in Rural Areas of Fars Province, Southern Iran (1988-2012)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haleh Ghaem ◽  
Marjan Zare ◽  
Abdulrasool Hemmati ◽  
Mohsen Moghadami ◽  
Fariba Moradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Fertility Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fertility Rate ◽  
Negative Slope ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Time Series Forecast ◽  
Southern Iran ◽  
Cohort Fertility

Objective: To investigate the trend of changes in Age-Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR), Total Fertility Rate (TFR), and Cohort Fertility Rate (CFR) in rural areas of Fars province, southern Iran during 1988-2012. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted based on analyze fluctuations in fertility. Information about the number of births and mothers aged 15-49 years was collected. By calculating the ASFR, TFR, and CFR along with analyzing their patterns the trend of changes in fertility rate would be revealed. Finally, modeling and time series forecast of ASFR based on age groups was conducted using the SPSS software. Results: The TFR was estimated to be 4.21, 2.1, 1.76, 1.65, and 1.78 per thousand in 1992, 1997, 2002, 2007, and 2012, respectively. Moreover, CFR was 2.01, 1.54, 1.05, 0.54, and 0.13 for those born during 1972-1976, 1977-1981, 1982-1986, 1987-1990, and 1991-1995, respectively. Also the time trend of ASFR based on age groups showed a negative slope. Conclusion: The fertility followed a negative slope during 1992-2012, indicating their descending trend during these years. TFR = 2.1 was a standard population replacement rate in the societies. Therefore, continual decline of this rate during 1992-2012 could be a warning factor that requires planning for reform and precise evaluation.

scholarly journals Neospora caninum Infection in Cattle in the Province of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, Southwest of Iran: Seroprevalence and Molecular Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Atefeh Darijani ◽  
Nasir Arefkhah ◽  
Sepehr Shahriarirad ◽  
Sina Zoghi ◽  
Mehdi Namavari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Southwest Of Iran

Introduction. Among the protozoa of veterinary importance, Neospora caninum is responsible for large economic and productive losses in cattle herds. Dogs are being considered the definitive hosts of the parasite. Neospora caninum has gained considerable attention through its role in the etiology of bovine abortion. The current study aimed at assessing the status of Neospora infection in cattle in Boyer-Ahmad County in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, southwest of Iran. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 150 cattle blood samples were collected and samples were screened for N. caninum antibodies using a modified direct agglutination test (MAT). For the same samples, 130 buffy coats were collected and tested, by PCR, for the presence of N. caninum DNA, targeting the Nc-5 gene. Results. Anti-N. caninum antibodies were detected in the sera of 49 out of 150 cattle which is corresponding to a seroprevalence rate of 32.7%. Neospora DNA was detected in buffy coats of 26 out of 127 (20.47%) cattle. Even though Neospora infection was more common in females and in five-year-old cattle by serology and molecular methods, yet there was no statistically significant difference between age, sex, and Neospora infection in both molecular and serological methods ( p > 0.05 ). Conclusion. Findings of the current study indicate a high rate of N. caninum infection in cattle of Boyer-Ahmad region in the southwest of Iran. This issue should be further investigated and the prevention and control of this parasite in livestock, due to the high financial burden of this parasite in the livestock industry, should be considered.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors for Neospora caninum infection in dogs of rural areas of the Brazilian Semi-arid Region

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Samara dos Santos Silva ◽  
Leonardo Vinícius Silva de Oliveira ◽  
Radabley Rith Almeida de Oliveira ◽  
Émerson Timóteo de Alcântara ◽  
Pollyanne Raysa Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Arid Region ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Semi Arid Region ◽  
Semi Arid

scholarly journals Anaemia Associated with Trypanosomes Infections in Cattle of West Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kumela Lelisa ◽  
Behablom Meharenet
Keyword(s):  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Trypanosome Infection ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
West Gojjam ◽  
The Mean ◽  
West Gojjam Zone

Background. African animal trypanosomosis is a major veterinary problem over a large area of the tsetse belt region of Africa. Anaemia is a cardinal sign of trypanosome infections. The mechanism of anaemia due to trypanosomosis is complex and multifactorial in origin. Packed cell volume (PCV) usually gives an indication of the anaemia and disease status of a trypanosome-infected animal. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2017 to January 2018 in West Gojjam zone, Northwest Ethiopia, to determine the trypanosome infections rate and the possible correlation between parasitic infection and anaemia using the dark ground buffy coat technique, Giemsa-stained thin blood smear, and PCV reading on a haematocrit reader. Results. The overall trypanosomosis prevalence was 7.81%, 95% CI = 7.45–8.17. Trypanosoma congolense (4.25%) and T. vivax (3.56%) were the trypanosomes species identified in the studied area. PCV for all sampled cattle was analysed to estimate the degree of anaemia. From the total examined animals (N = 730), 356 (48.77%) were anaemic and 374 (51.23%) were nonanaemic. The mean PCV of parasitemic cattle was significantly lower (21.09%, 95% CI = 20.13–22.05) than that of aparasitemic ones (25.96%, 95% CI = 25.68–26.24). There was a positive association between trypanosome infection and anaemia. Although both trypanosome species are significantly associated with a decreased herd mean PCV (<24), the mean PCV of cattle infected with T. congolense (19.45%) was lower than that of infected with T. vivax (23.04%). The herd mean PCV was not significantly associated to locations, age, and sex of the studied animals. Conclusions. The study confirms that the prevalence of trypanosomes infections and herd mean PCV has a significant association. The mean herd PCV can be a useful cheap tool to screen for possible trypanosome infection. However, there were cattle positive for trypanosomes having mean PCV within the reference interval and negative animals with anaemia. Furthermore, PCV reading should be confirmed by other diagnostic techniques to accurately conclude that trypanosomosis is the only cause of anaemia.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cows of North-Eastern Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-768
Author(s):  
Kamel Miroud ◽  
Amar Benlakehal ◽  
Rachid Kaidi
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eastern Algeria ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Significant Statistical Association

Aim: The present cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection both at herd and within herd and at determining risk factors that are associated with its seropositivity. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 cows distributed over seven herds located in two North-Eastern Algerian provinces were blood sampled in order to be tested for the presence of antibodies against N. caninum using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: The individual seroprevalence of N. caninum was found to be 12.22%, and six of the seven herds tested had at least one seropositive cow. The logistic regression model revealed that abortion (odds ratio [OR]=29.15) and parity (OR=7.38) were positively associated with the seropositivity of animals on an individual basis. Conclusion: The study confirms the existence of N. caninum infection in cattle in North-Eastern Algeria. However, a widespread infection rate of 85.71% and its significant statistical association with previous abortion (OR=29.15) need further investigations.

scholarly journals Health Literacy and Active Transport in Austria: Results from a Rural Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Hofer-Fischanger ◽  
Bianca Fuchs-Neuhold ◽  
Alexander Müller ◽  
Gerlinde Grasser ◽  
Mireille N.M. van Poppel
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training

Health literacy (HL) has been determined for the general population and for subgroups, though the relationship between HL and active transport in rural areas was not explored. The aim of our study is to investigate HL among citizens in an Austrian rural region and to explore the associations between HL and active transport. This cross-sectional telephone survey included 288 adults (171 women) with a mean age of 57.8 (SD 0.9). HL was assessed using the HLS-EU-Q16 questionnaire. Active transport was measured as the minutes per week spent on walking or cycling from A to B. After descriptive analysis, the association between HL and active transport was assessed using linear regression models. The mean HL score for all participants was 37.1 (SD 7.7). Among all subjects, 6.9% showed inadequate HL, 25.7% problematic HL, 38.9% sufficient HL, and 28.5% excellent HL. HL was significantly higher among citizens with high education (p = 0.04) and training/employment in healthcare (p = 0.001). Active transport was not associated with HL (p = 0.281). Active transport in rural areas might be influenced by other predictors like distance to work, street connectivity, and accessible facilities for walking and biking. This needs to be explored further for rural areas.

scholarly journals Trends of T. cruzi infection based on data from blood bank screening

1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Zicker ◽  
Celina Maria Turchi Martelli ◽  
Ana Lucia Sampaio Sgambatti de Andrade ◽  
Simonne Almeida e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Blood Donation ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Blood Banks ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cruzi Infection

Between October 1988 and April 1989 a cross-sectional survey was carried out in six out of eight blood banks of Goiânia, Central Brazil. Subjects attending for first-time blood donation in the mornings of the study period (n = 1358) were interviewed and screened for T. cruzi infection as a part of a major study among blood donors. Tests to anti-T. cruzi antibodies were performed, simultaneously, by indirect hem agglutination test (IHA) and complement fixation test (CFT). A subject was considered seropositive when any one of the two tests showed a positive result. Information on age, sex, place of birth, migration and socio-economic level was recorded. Results from this survey were compared with seroprevalence rates obtained in previous studies in an attempt to analyse trend of T. cruzi infection in an endemic urban area. The overall seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection among first-time donors was found to be 3.5% (95% confidence interval 2.5%-4.5% ). The seroprevalence rate increased with age up to 45 years and then decreased. Migrants from rural areas had higher seroprevalence rates than subjects from urban counties (1.8%-16.2% vs. 0%-3.6%). A four fold decrease in prevalence rates was observed when these rates were compared with those of fifteen years ago. Two possible hypotheses to explain this difference were suggested: 1. a cohort effect related with the decrease of transmission in rural areas and/or 2. a differential proportion of people of rural origin among blood donors between the two periods. The potential usefulness of blood banks as a source of epidemiological information to monitor trends of T. cruzi infection in an urban adult population was stressed.

scholarly journals A Literature Review of Neospora caninum Infection in Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
Jamal Gharekhani ◽  
Mohammad Yakhchali ◽  
Fariba Keramat ◽  
Reza Berahmat
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
First Time

Background: Neosporosis is a parasitic disease caused by Neospora caninum. This parasite is an obligate intracellular coccidia similar to Toxoplasma gondii with a global distribution. With regard to the experimental studies, vertical transmission of the parasite in the monkey (non-human primates) has increased the concern about the zoonotic potential of this disease. The principal aim of the current research was to perform a mini-review on investigations regarding the Neospora infection in humans on a global scale for the first time. Methods: All peer-reviewed articles (published until April 2021) on the Neospora infection in humans were searched in English databases such as Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and ProQuest. Results: Based on data in the available articles, the presence of antibodies against the Neospora infection was between 0 and 37.7% in people from different countries. The seroprevalence rate of this infection in HIV-positive individuals was higher (26.6% and 37.7%) compared to other cases. Finally, the genomic DNA of Neospora was detected up to 1% using molecular biology techniques. Conclusions: Overall, the detection of anti-Neospora antibodies in humans indicated that people have been exposed to the parasite. Comprehensive research studies are essential for clarifying the risk factors associated with the Neospora infection in humans. This report provides the baseline information for future researchers. Molecular investigations and genotypic works on N. caninum isolates are highly recommended as well.

scholarly journals Smoking Water-Pipe, Opium Use and Prevalence of Heart Disease: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Baseline Data from the Pars Cohort Study, Southern Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-295
Author(s):  
Ali Adib ◽  
Seyed Masoom Masoompour ◽  
Hossein Molavi Vardanjani ◽  
Abdullah Gondomkar ◽  
Hossein Poustchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southern Iran ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Opium Abuse ◽  
Opium Use

Background: Associations between hookah and opium use and an increased risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) have been suggested in a few studies, but more research is needed on the nature of these associations. We aimed to investigate the association between hookah and opium use and the prevalence of IHD in a population with relatively high prevalence of these exposures in Iran. Methods: Using baseline data from the Pars Cohort Study (PCS), a prospective study of individuals aged 40-75 years in Fars province, southern Iran, we calculated adjusted and crude odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the independent association of hookah and opium use with prevalence of IHD. Results: Of 9248 participants, 10.2% (95% CI: 9.5, 10.9) had self-reported IHD. Prevalence of ever use of hookah and opium was 48.9% (95% CI: 44.6, 53.6) and 10.2% (95% CI: 8.3, 12.5) among those with IHD, and 37.0% (95% CI: 35.7, 38.3) and 8.1% (95% CI: 7.5, 8.7) among those without IHD, respectively. Adjusted OR for the association with prevalence of IHD was 1.26 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.46) for hookah use and 1.71 (95% CI: 1.30, 2.24) for opium abuse. No dose-response association was found between hookah and prevalence of IHD. Conclusion: Hookah and opium abuse were associated with prevalent IHD in this study. Although more research is needed on these associations, particularly in prospective settings, reducing hookah and opium use could potentially reduce IHD risk.

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