scholarly journals Neospora caninum Infection in Cattle in the Province of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, Southwest of Iran: Seroprevalence and Molecular Assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Atefeh Darijani ◽  
Nasir Arefkhah ◽  
Sepehr Shahriarirad ◽  
Sina Zoghi ◽  
Mehdi Namavari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Southwest Of Iran

Introduction. Among the protozoa of veterinary importance, Neospora caninum is responsible for large economic and productive losses in cattle herds. Dogs are being considered the definitive hosts of the parasite. Neospora caninum has gained considerable attention through its role in the etiology of bovine abortion. The current study aimed at assessing the status of Neospora infection in cattle in Boyer-Ahmad County in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province, southwest of Iran. Methods. In this cross-sectional study, 150 cattle blood samples were collected and samples were screened for N. caninum antibodies using a modified direct agglutination test (MAT). For the same samples, 130 buffy coats were collected and tested, by PCR, for the presence of N. caninum DNA, targeting the Nc-5 gene. Results. Anti-N. caninum antibodies were detected in the sera of 49 out of 150 cattle which is corresponding to a seroprevalence rate of 32.7%. Neospora DNA was detected in buffy coats of 26 out of 127 (20.47%) cattle. Even though Neospora infection was more common in females and in five-year-old cattle by serology and molecular methods, yet there was no statistically significant difference between age, sex, and Neospora infection in both molecular and serological methods ( p > 0.05 ). Conclusion. Findings of the current study indicate a high rate of N. caninum infection in cattle of Boyer-Ahmad region in the southwest of Iran. This issue should be further investigated and the prevention and control of this parasite in livestock, due to the high financial burden of this parasite in the livestock industry, should be considered.

scholarly journals Factors associated with relapse of schizophrenia

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
AKM Akramul Haque ◽  
AHM Kazi Mostofa Kamal ◽  
Zinat De Laila ◽  
Luna Laila ◽  
Helal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Events ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Stressful Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients

Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric illness with high rate of relapse which is commonly associated with noncompliance of medicine, as well as stress and high expressed emotions. The objective of the study was to determine the factors of relapse among the schizophrenic patients attending in outpatient departments of three tertiary level psychiatric facilities in Bangladesh. This was a cross sectional study conducted from July, 2001 to June, 2002. Two hundred patients including both relapse and nonrelapse cases of schizophrenia and their key relatives were included by purposive sampling. The results showed no statistically significant difference in terms of relapse with age, sex, religion, residence, occupation and level of education (p>0.05), but statistically significant difference was found with marital status and economic status (p<0.01). The proportion of non-compliance was found to be 80% and 14%, of high expressed emotion was 17% and 2% and of the occurrence of stressful life events was 10% and 1% in relapse and non-relapse cases respectively which were statistically significant (p<0.001). The study indicated that stressful life events, high expressed emotion, and noncompliance with medication had a role in schizophrenic patients for its relapse.Bang J Psychiatry December 2015; 29(2): 59-63

scholarly journals Nutritional and micronutrient status of adolescent schoolgirls in eastern Sudan: A cross-sectional study

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1831
Author(s):  
Hyder M. Mahgoub ◽  
Omar E. Fadlelseed ◽  
Ammar H. Khamis ◽  
Jalal A. Bilal ◽  
Ishag Adam
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
More Care ◽  
Eastern Sudan

Background: Adolescents, especially girls, are susceptible to malnutrition and their diet must be adequate to support their very rapid growth and development. Currently, there is little published data on the nutritional state amongst adolescent girls in Sudan. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the nutritional and micronutrient status of adolescent schoolgirls in eastern Sudan during the period of January-February 2015. Weight and height were measured using standard methods. Haemoglobin and ferritin levels were measured using blood samples, and blood films for malaria and stool samples for Schistosoma mansoni were investigated. Nutritional status was assessed according to the WHO 2006 reference values. Copper and zinc concentrations were measured by atomic absorption. Results: Twenty-five (13.7%) out of 183 girls were stunted. Seventy (38.3%) were thin; 17.5, 9.3 and 11.5% had mild, moderate and severe thinness, respectively. Only 10 (5.5%) and six (3.3%) girls were overweight and obese, respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was 77.0%. While there was no significant difference in the haemoglobin, ferritin, copper levels and thinness; thin children had significantly lower zinc (P=0.007). Conclusions: There is a high rate of stunting, thinness and anaemia among adolescent schoolgirls in eastern Sudan. More care has to be taken in order to provide a better nutrition status in the area.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cows of North-Eastern Algeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 765-768
Author(s):  
Kamel Miroud ◽  
Amar Benlakehal ◽  
Rachid Kaidi
Keyword(s):  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Eastern Algeria ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Significant Statistical Association

Aim: The present cross-sectional study aimed at assessing the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum infection both at herd and within herd and at determining risk factors that are associated with its seropositivity. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 cows distributed over seven herds located in two North-Eastern Algerian provinces were blood sampled in order to be tested for the presence of antibodies against N. caninum using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results: The individual seroprevalence of N. caninum was found to be 12.22%, and six of the seven herds tested had at least one seropositive cow. The logistic regression model revealed that abortion (odds ratio [OR]=29.15) and parity (OR=7.38) were positively associated with the seropositivity of animals on an individual basis. Conclusion: The study confirms the existence of N. caninum infection in cattle in North-Eastern Algeria. However, a widespread infection rate of 85.71% and its significant statistical association with previous abortion (OR=29.15) need further investigations.

scholarly journals Bovine Brucellosis Seroprevalence and Potential Transmission Risk to Workers at the Port-Bouët Abattoir, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire

2021 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Kaba S. ◽  
Acapovi-Yao G. ◽  
Dagnogo K. ◽  
Kallo V. ◽  
Sevidzem S. L. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rose Bengal ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Significant Difference

Brucellosis is one of the most common bacterial zoonosis in the world. It is caused by Brucella species and is an infectious and contagious disease transmissible to humans and to several animal species. This disease remains one of the neglected diseases in several countries and represents a real public health problem. A cross sectional study was conducted at the Port-Bouët abattoir in order to determine the seroprevalence as well as to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) of workers. Three hundred and eighty-seven (387) cattle blood samples collected from January 5 to March 30 2019 were diagnosed using the Rose Bengal and indirect Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (i-ELISA) techniques. The seroprevalence was 0.52% (95% CI: 0.06265-1.8542) for i-ELISA and Rose Bengal. Regarding seroprevalence with sex, males recorded 0.3% (95 CI: 0.00776-1.6617), while females had 1.85% (95% CI: 0.04687-9.8991) for both Rose Bengal and i-ELISA tests with no statistically significant difference (X2=2; df=1; p=0.157). Animals >3years old recorded a higher seroprevalence rate eventhough with no statistically significant difference (X2=3; df=2; p=0.223). Also, our findings established that the potential risk of contracting brucellosis at the abattoir by workers is high due to the handling of animal tissues without the use of Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs). This baseline information indicates the neccesity for a more in-depth study on the traceability of animals coming to the abattoir as well as study the occurrence of brucellosis in animals and among abattoir workers following a one health approach in order to contribute to the development of a sub-regional integrated programme for the control of brucellosis. This collective approach will minimize the risk of contamination with brucellosis by workers.

scholarly journals Prevalence of dental malocclusions in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Cuenca, Ecuador.

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Santiago Coello-Vásquez ◽  
Alberto Alvarado-Cordero ◽  
María Delgado-López ◽  
Luisa Salinas-Abarca
Keyword(s):  
Class Ii ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Division 2 ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

The aim of this paper was to determine the prevalence of malocclusions in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Cuenca, Ecuador. A cross-sectional study was carried out, including a clinical examination of 181 schoolchildren aged 12 years, who were randomly selected from the schoolchildren population. We assessed the presence of malocclusions using the Angles classification. The analysis was performed in the program EpiInfo 7.2. The majority of the patients presented malocclusions (91.7%). There is no significant difference between public and private schools and the male sex was slightly more affected. There was a predominance of the Class II division 1 (30.4%), followed by Class III (25.4%), and Class I (24.9%), with the lowest prevalence reported for Class II division 2 (11%). A high rate of malocclusion was found in in 12-year-old schoolchildren from Cuenca, Ecuador, in both males and females. The dominant malocclusion in this study was Class II division 1.

scholarly journals Role of Single Dose Preoperative Ceftriaxone in the Control of Surgical Site Infection in a Tertiary Level Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mushfiqur Rahman ◽  
Md Mazedur Rahman ◽  
Mamun Ibn Munim ◽  
Md Shariful Haque
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Surgical Site Infection ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Site Infection ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clean Contaminated

Post-surgical wou  infection is a crucial factor in surgical practice. Prolong use of postoperative antibiotic is common practice in our surgical world. This causes financial burden to our patients a antibiotic resistance. But international journals a  literatures suggest using antibiotics as prophylaxis only at the time of operation a  no further postoperative antibiotic is needed in clean contaminated surgery. This comparative cross-sectional study was done at the department of surgery, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital from 1st July 2007 to 30th June 2008. A total number of 100 patients of clean-contaminated elective laparotomy were selected. Patients were ra omly divided into two groups, in Group-I (got single dose preoperative Inj. Ceftriaxone) a  in group-II (got single dose preoperative Inj. Ceftriaxone followed by Inj. Ceftriaxone for 2 days a  then Cap. Cefxime for next 5 days). There is no statistically significant difference in outcome between two groups. So, single dose preoperative Inj. Ceftriaxone (1gm) is sufficient as a prophylaxis of surgical site infection in clean-contaminated elective surgery.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2016;11(1): 6-10

scholarly journals Molecular and Serological Evaluation of Neospora caninum Infection in Dogs from a Rural Setting in Fars Province, Southern Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morvarid HARIRI ◽  
Nasir AREFKHAH ◽  
Fariba GHORBANI ◽  
Mehdi NAMAVARI ◽  
Mostafa OMIDIAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Seroprevalence Rate ◽  
Fars Province ◽  
Caninum Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southern Iran

Background: Dogs, as the definitive host of Neospora caninum, are important in the epidemiology of this parasitic infection. We aimed to determine the prevalence of N. caninum infection in a dog population from a rural setting in Fars Province, Southern Iran, using a combination of molecular and serological techniques. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Nov 2018 in three rural districts, Sar Mashhad, HosseinAbad, and Tolesaman located in Kazeroun Township in Fars province, southern Iran. Blood samples were taken from 60 stray and household dogs. Dogs’ sera were tested for antibodies against N. caninum, using a Neospora-Modified Agglutination Test. Moreover, dogs’ buffy coats were tested for Neospora DNA, using a molecular method. Results: Anti-Neospora antibodies were detected in sera of 4 out of 60 dogs, corresponding to a seroprevalence rate of 6.7%. Out of 25 female dogs, 1 was seropositive and of 35 males, 3 were seropositive, yet the differences were not statistically significant. The infection was more prevalent in adult dogs (> 12 months), nevertheless, the differences between age and Neospora seropositivity was not statistically significant. N. caninum DNA was not detected in the buffy coat of any of the studied dogs. Conclusion: Findings of the study indicate that N. caninum is a common infection in dogs in rural areas of Fars province in southern Iran. The infected dogs mig

scholarly journals IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON PREGNANCY OUTCOMES: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Yousaf ◽  
Sadaf Mubeen ◽  
Amna Javaid ◽  
Muhammad Aamir Rafique ◽  
Hafiza Sobia Ramzan
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Atypical Pneumonia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Atypical pneumonia known as coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is highly infectious and is currently spreading rapidly around the globe. Objectives: The main objective of the study is to analyses the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy outcomes among local population of Pakistan. Material and Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted in Lady Aitchison Hospital during September 2019 to August 2020. The data was collected through systematically designed questionnaire. Clinical characteristics, examination results, and treatment course were extracted from their medical records. For mothers, we collected socio demographic data, educational attainment, and occupation, maternal parity, medical history records, laboratory tests, and intensive care unit [ICU] admission. Results: The data was collected from 685 patients. The two groups of pregnant women were compared in terms of severe preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, premature rupture of membranes, fetal distress, maternal mortality, IUD, fecal staining of amniotic fluid, premature birth, neonatal asphyxia, Abruption or other compression sutures, and there was no significant difference Significance (all P >0.05); the proportion of IUD in the COVID-19 group was higher than that in the non COVID-19 group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant. Conclusion: It is concluded that those patients who visited the hospital during COVID-19 pandemics have high rate of IUD, placenta abruption and maternal death. Keywords: IUD., COVID-19

A Cross-Sectional Study of the Alarming Prevalence of Smoking Among Lebanese Physicians and Its Negative Impact on Promoting Cessation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
Ahmad Berjawi ◽  
Mouhamad Nasser ◽  
Wassim Nassreddine ◽  
Amjad Kanj ◽  
Abir Kojok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Smoking Habits ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Smoking Cessation Counseling ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: There is a paucity of data on the prevalence of smoking among physicians. As physicians are on the front line caring for patients’ health, a detailed analysis of their smoking habits and its impact on counseling their patients to quit is warranted. So far, no study in Lebanon has addressed the real prevalence of physicians smoking and its impact on promoting cessation. This study aims to fill this purpose. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted using a web-based self-administered questionnaire was e-mailed to 4037 Lebanese physicians between November 2015 and February 2016. The questionnaire included 11 questions about basic sociodemographic information (age, gender, work province, specialty), smoking habits and attitude towards smoking cessation. SPSS was used for analysis. The main outcome was to calculate the percentage of physicians that smoke,  its relationship to gender and age, and its impact on counseling their patients about smoking cessation. Results: 529 responders were analyzed (13.1% response rate). A high rate of physician ever-smokers was noted at 37% (n=195) whereas the prevalence of current smokers was 13% (n=70).. In addition, there was a difference in the gender of ever-smoking physicians where 47% of males were smokers compared to 20% of females only. Regarding the prevalence of smoking within different specialties, it was noted that 35% (n=74) of internal medicine physicians were ever-smokers compared to approximately 50% (n=51/102) of surgeons. There was a statistically significant difference between former-smokers and current-smokers in regards to how frequently they urge their patients to quit smoking. Conclusion: The high prevalence of smoking among Lebanese physicians is depicted and its negative impact on counseling patients to quit is a serious consequence. This is a major drawback in the fight against tobacco and further awareness may be needed among our future doctors to increase smoking cessation counseling and decrease the burden of smoking in Lebanon and worldwide.

Adherence (adh) to and beliefs about oral anticancer medications (OAMs) in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients (pts): A single-center pilot study in the United States.

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e17511-e17511
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Geynisman ◽  
Fay J. Hlubocky ◽  
Masha Kocherginsky ◽  
Sarah M. Duster ◽  
Joseline X. Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Illness Perception ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

e17511 Background: Suboptimal adh to drugs is a problem in chronic diseases. In mRCC, OAMs are the mainstay of treatment (tx). Adh and its determinants in exclusively mRCC pts has not been studied in the US. This study aimed to evaluate adh to OAMs in mRCC pts, and describe pts understanding and beliefs about OAMs and their disease. Methods: Single center, cross-sectional study of pts on OAMs for at least 60 days. Planned study size is 50 pts. Standardized assessment instruments used: Adh—MMAS-8 questionnaire (Q); beliefs and expectations regarding OAMs—Beliefs about Medicines Q (BMQ) and Brief-Illness Perception Q (IPQ); Quality of Life (QOL)—BSI-18, FKSI. Semi-structured interviews assessed financial burden, barriers to adh, understanding of prognosis and goals of therapy. Results: To date, 40 pts have been studied. Median age 66 (range 36-85), 75% male, 78% Caucasian, 43% college graduates, 58% with income ≤ 60K. OAMs used: 43% sunitinib, 25% pazopanib, 23% everolimus, 8% axitinib. 1st line tx: 45%; 2nd line tx: 30%; 3rd or beyond: 25%. MMAS-8: 7.4 ± 1.1 (range 3-8); 10% low adheres, 30% intermediate, 60% high. 36% reported not receiving counseling on taking OAMs. BMQ-Necessity: 20 ± 4 (range 8-25); BMQ-Concern: 12 ± 4 (range 5-24). IPQ: 40 ± 13 (range 6-71). QOL: BSI 10 ± 9 (range 0-38); FKSI 44 ± 8 (range 26-60). 18% reported financial difficulty paying for OAMs; 25% paid ≥ $100/mo. No significant difference between adherers and non-adherers in regard to demographic, QOL or belief variables was detected. 23% did not believe OAMs are chemotherapy. 67% believed mRCC is a chronic disease, 46% believed that their OAM may be able to cure them and 44% strongly agreed or agreed with “I expect to be free of cancer in the future.” 52% reported not discussing prognosis with their MD. Conclusions: Our data suggest that self-reported adh in mRCC is much better than in other diseases. Most pts felt mRCC was a chronic disease and almost 50% believed they could be cured. Further research is needed addressing the development of an oncology-specific adh tool and defining an optimal adh benchmark for OAMs via prospective studies of self-reported adh, serum drug levels and outcomes.

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