scholarly journals Feasibility study of the application of treated wastewater for the irrigation of forest species in a Saharan area

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Hamza Negais ◽  
Tahar Idder ◽  
Hamid Cheloufi ◽  
Abdelhak Idder ◽  
Slimane Ahmed Benmchi’h Ayada
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Acacia Farnesiana ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Biometric Measurements ◽  
National Road ◽  
Selection Of

Background: After suffering from an acute problem of excess water for a long time, the Oasis of Ouargla benefited from an aerated lagoon treatment plant, producing biologically treated domestic effluents. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of reusing this effluent for watering plants. The experiment was conducted in the Ouargla WWTP, which is located in the region of Said Otba (northeast of Ouargla), north of the national road NR 49. Methods: The study area was selected based on the originality of the study and availability of water. The plants used were Acacia farnesiana and Leucaena leucocephala. The selection of Leucaena was based on the following criteria: It is used as a windbreak, it is very tolerant to drought, and it is used as a fodder to maintain soil fertility. And, Acacia was selected because it is used as a fodder, protects the soil against erosion, and to fix nitrogen. The watering of these plants is done jointly by treated wastewater from the WWTP and well water (WW), of which the latter was used as a control. Sampling and analysis of the irrigation water were performed according to the experimental protocol. To show the growth rate of the two plants studied, biometric measurements were taken weekly for 25 weeks. Results: The physicochemical analyses show that the treated wastewater is of poor quality belonging to the last class of Riverside’s C5-S4, with an excessive salinity (EC) of 13.51 dS/m and an Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of 12.61 against EC of 2.49 dS/m and 2.13 for the WW. At the end of the experiment, it was found that irrigation with purified wastewater (PWW) gave less growth compared to that with WW. Statistical analyses of the biometric measurements confirmed that there is a highly significant difference at P<0.05. Conclusion: The reuse of WWTP effluent gives less interesting results but is still possible. It is recommended to choose Salt-tolerant crops, as well as the dilution of these waters by the addition of less salty waters.

scholarly journals Microplastics Removal from Treated Wastewater by a Biofilter

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Liu ◽  
Nadia Nord ◽  
Kai Bester ◽  
Jes Vollertsen
Keyword(s):  
Particle Number ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Secondary Effluent ◽  
Global Environmental Issue ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
Global Environmental

Microplastic (MP) pollution is a global environmental issue, and traditionally treated wastewater has been identified as a source of land-based microplastics into the aquatic environment. This study evaluated the performance of a pilot-scale biofilter to polish wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent before it enters the environment. The filter was divided into four zones, allowing the concentration of microplastics to be followed through the filter. It was fed with secondary effluent from a conventional WWTP in Denmark. The raw effluent from the WWTP contained 917 items m−3 which corresponded to a mass concentration of 24.8 µg m−3. After the top layer of the biofilter, the concentration had decreased to a median value of 197 item m−3 and 2.8 µg m−3, indicating an overall removal efficiency of 79% in terms of particle number and 89% in terms of particle mass. We also observed a tendency that MP of larger size and higher particle mass were more likely to be retained. After the last filtration zone, all MP larger than 100 µm had been removed. The results of this study demonstrate that biofilters are able to lower the MP abundance in treated wastewater significantly, but a complete removal is not ensured, hence some MP, particularly small-sized ones, can still be discharged into the receiving environment.

scholarly journals Removal of organics and metal ion nanoparticles from synthetic wastewater by activated sludge process (ASP)

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarunveer Singh ◽  
Shubhanshu Jain
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Batch Reactors

Adsorption technique is widely used for removal of toxic organic contaminants from aqueous streams. Owing to the hazardous or otherwise undesirable characteristics of phenolic compounds in particular, their presence in wastewater from municipal and industrial discharge is one of the most important environmental issue. The discharge of poor quality effluents by the chemical-based laboratories and refineries in India is posing a serious threat to water sources and wastewater treatment installations alike. Our study was set up in the Indo - French Unit for Water & Wastewater Technologies (IFUWWT), IIT Delhi. The main objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of a laboratory-scale activated sludge treatment process in producing a final effluent conforming to regulatory standards of Central Pollution Control Board, India (CPCB norms) with regards to COD and metal ion loads. The study was conducted in three principal stages: characterization of wastewater containing nanoparticles; treatability studies of laboratory generated discards and investigations of heavy metal ions before and after treatment. The various raw effluent parameters analyzed were COD, BOD, F/M ratio, Sludge Value Index, Total Solids and concentrations of Cu, Ag and Zn. Studies were conducted using two aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBR). MLSS of the aeration basin was calculated to be 7180±261.3 mg/L while the F/M ratio was kept down to 0.1560±.0149; besides, an SVI of 107.24 mL/g complied with the state of bioreactor’s sludge. These set of values suggested to set an extended aeration processes for the reactors. Accordingly, the detention time in aeration basin was 24 hours. The results showed over 98% influent COD reduction and nearly 100% removal of metal ions. The sample used was operated on sludge collected from Vasant Kunj Wastewater Treatment plant. Based on the results from waste characterization and treatability studies, it was decided that the mixed liquor discharged in the activation tank should have glucose solution and laboratory discarded sample in 1:1 ratio. The reactor was operated on a glucose fed batch basis for 30 days. For the sake of metal analysis, the digested water samples were analyzed for the presence of copper, silver and zinc using the ElementAS AAS4141 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (by Electronics Corporation of India Ltd). The biosorption capacities were found to be over 95% in all the cases with the minimum correlation coefficient for calibration curve being 0.9811. Such a high sludge yield is suggestive of the fact that heavy metals are in very low concentrations in the considered carboy sample. Because of these insignificant values, the amount of metal ions introduced to the system gets adsorbed almost completely, hence leaving behind no metal ion within the supernatant. Well-treated wastewater has enormous potential as a source of water for crops, households and industry.

Water reuse for urban landscape irrigation: aspersion and health related regulations

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Brissaud ◽  
E. Blin ◽  
S. Hemous ◽  
L. Garrelly
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
Bathing Waters ◽  
Spray Irrigation

The Mediterranean seaside resort of Le Grau du Roi includes 40 hectares of landscaped areas spray irrigated with river water supplied through a separate network. Wastewater collected from several municipalities is treated in an activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and polished in waste stabilization ponds (WSPs). Planned substitution of treated wastewater for river water is hindered by spray irrigation prohibition within a 100 m distance from houses and recreational areas. WWTP and WSP effluents were monitored for pathogens with a particular attention to Legionella in Spring and Summer 2006. Helminth eggs, salmonellae and enteroviruses were never detected neither in WWTP effluent nor in the ponds. Legionella spp content was slightly higher or of the order of magnitude of river water contents. Regarding Legionella pneumophila contents, WSP effluent did not significantly differ from the river water. E.coli and enterococci contents in WSP effluents complied with the “excellent quality” criteria of the European Directive for coastal bathing waters. Therefore, substituting WSP effluents to river water is unlikely to alter health risks related to spray irrigation and, in this case, the buffer zone required by the French water reuse guidelines appears being short of support.

scholarly journals Reuse of Treated Wastewater in the Manufacture of Concrete: Major Challenge of Environmental Preservation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Zahra Bouaich ◽  
Walid Maherzi ◽  
Fadoua Elhajjaji ◽  
Nor-Edine Abriak ◽  
Mahfoud Ben Zarzour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Reuse Of Treated Wastewater ◽  
Mixing Water

Abstract This work concerns the reuse of treated wastewater from Er-Rachidia wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the mixing of ordinary B25 concrete, in order to reduce the overexploitation of groundwater, avoid its discharge into watercourses and reduce the risk of environmental pollution due to its mineral and organic matter load. In this respect, Tree types of mixing water were used in this study: Drinking Water (DW), Groundwater (GW) and Treated Wastewater (TW). The results recorded for each type of mixing water, in the fresh and hardened state of concretes, are then compared with the requirements of the standards. The obtained results show that the treated wastewater does not have any adverse effect upon the quality of the concrete; it has shown an improvement of the mechanical resistance from the first stage, a similar density, setting time and porosity and a slight decrease of the workability compared with the control concrete. A One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at the 5% significance level indicated no significant difference between concrete samples produced and cured with treated wastewater and control samples at ages 7, 14, 28 and 90 days. Throughout this study the substitution of drinking water by treated wastewater will help to minimize the need for its use. Additionally, it saves drinking water for consumption and makes wastewater treatment plants more economically attractive, together with other similar goals for sustainable development.

scholarly journals Irrigation of a golf course with UV-treated wastewater: effects on soil and turfgrass bacteriological quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahim Bihadassen ◽  
Mohammed Hassi ◽  
Fatima Hamadi ◽  
Aicha Aitalla ◽  
Mohamed Bourouache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Golf Course ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alternative Water ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This research was carried out to assess the impact of treated wastewater irrigation on soil bacteriological and physicochemical properties and turfgrass bacteriological quality. Two golf courses were studied: a golf course A irrigated with freshwater (FW) and a golf course B irrigated with UV-treated wastewater (UV-TW). The physicochemical parameters (electrical conductivity and pH) of the soil were determined. FW, UV-TW, lake-stored water (LSW), turfgrass, and soil were collected, and their bacteriological parameters were determined. These parameters include: Escherichia coli, faecal enterococci, and faecal coliform. The results showed that the soil irrigated with treated wastewater (S-TW) showed a significant increase in the pH when compared with the soil irrigated with freshwater (S-FW). However, no significant difference was recorded in soil electrical conductivity. Faecal indicators concentration of the irrigation water samples varied considerably, and the concentrations in LSW frequently exceed those of the water at the output of the treatment plant (UV-TW). The comparison of the faecal contamination between the two golf courses indicates no significant difference in E. coli and faecal coliform concentrations. However, a significant difference was detected in faecal enterococci contamination. This study confirms that, under appropriate conditions, treated wastewater produced by M’zar wastewater treatment plant can be used as an alternative water resource for golf courses irrigation in Agadir city, Morocco.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study Of Surgical Outcome In Different Approaches For Hysterectomy

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Suman Raj Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
Operating Time ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Laparoscopic Hysterectomy ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Gynecologic Surgery ◽  
Laparoscopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Laparoscopic Assisted ◽  
Selection Of

Introduction: Globally, hysterectomy has been the commonest gynecologic surgery since a long time. One of the most remarkable innovations in surgery has been the changeover from laparotomy to laparoscopy. The first reported laparoscopic hysterectomy was in 1989 by Harry Reich, for endometriosis. As laparoscopic procedure has various important advantages over laparotomy, it has become a preferred surgical method. But open hysterectomy or laparoscopic hysterectomy has been chosen based on various factors and the surgeon's experience and skill. Earlier hysterectomies were done in conventional way at Kathmandu University Hospital. But Laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy and total laparoscopic hysterectomy were started from 2011 and 2015 respectively. Method: This retrospective study was undertaken to compare the demographic parameters, operative particulars, postoperative outcomes including complications of different hysterectomy approaches done from 2011 to 2018 at Kathmandu University Hospital. Result: A total of 756 hysterectomy cases with 461 of open hysterectomy and 295 of laparoscopic hysterectomy were done in over 8 years. There was no significant difference in mean age of patients who underwent different types of hysterectomies (46.29±6.50 and 45.52±8.15 years, p=0.6829). There was significant increase in Brahmin/Chhetri caste seeking laparoscopic hysterectomy (p=0.0001) and significant decrease in other janajati caste undergoing laparoscopic hysterectomy (p=0.0004). The indications of different type of hysterectomy were almost comparable; with fibroids/adenomyosis (49.7%) followed by abnormal uterine bleeding (19.7%) were common indications. Laparoscopic hysterectomies have significantly increased since 2016. There were significant differences in operating time, blood loss and hospital stay between open and laparoscopic hysterectomy cases with 143.63±43.25 vs 67.56±25.75 minutes, 294.78±51.37 vs 470.24±102.99 ml and 2.61±0.66 vs 5.64±0.69 days respectively (all p<0.0001). There were 30 major complications in open and 10 in laparoscopic hysterectomy respectively with 9 minor complications in both. Eleven laparoscopy cases (3.7%) had to be converted to laparotomy. Conclusions: Laparoscopic hysterectomies are possible with equivalent advantages. A good laparoscopic experiences for surgeons and a careful selection of the cases are the obligatory prerequisites.

scholarly journals Effect of Polyethylene Strips Surface Roughness on Its Efficiency for Enhancement of Wastewater Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 3514-3519
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
Cheap Method ◽  
Proportional Effect ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent

This study aimed to determine the effect of roughness surface for polyethylene strips on its quality for enhancement the characteristics of wastewater treatment plant effluent as a very cheap method. The study was applied at Abu Rawash WWTP effluent channel using the smooth and rough polyethylene strips where a biofilm layer forms above its surface. The removal ratio for smooth polyethylene strips for BOD and TSS was 4.45 and 4.33% respectively, while for the rough polyethylene strips was 14.10 and 13.37 respectively. This shows the success of the polyethylene strips even smooth or rough to remove both the BOD and TSS from treated wastewater. The results show that the material roughness affected the treatment efficiency with proportional effect. And the rough surface has a good removal efficiency that makes it more applicable for such purpose of enhancing the treated wastewater with very low cost technique.

scholarly journals Crescimento do milheto (Pennisetum glaucum) irrigado com água residuária no Seridó Paraibano

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (44) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Prisana Cortêz Dantas ◽  
Joab Vitor Nascimento ◽  
Djair Alves Melo ◽  
Josefa Sousa Freitas ◽  
Mislene Rosa Dantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The use of wastewater can be an irrigation alternative for millet, especially in areas with low availability of water, such as the Seridó Paraibano Region. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and production of millet irrigated with wastewater under a consortium with lab-lab beans. The experiment was conducted at the Caboré site, in the municipality of Frei Martinho-PB. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five plots (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120% of available water) in a consortium with lab-lab bean in the subplot. The treated wastewater came from the Sewage Treatment Plant of the municipality. The variables measured were: height of the plant; leaf area; number of leaves; diameters and SPAD (chlorophyll meter). There was a significant difference in relation to plant growth, leaf area and number of leaves. The stem diameter and SPAD had no significant effect, an average of 11.197 mm / plant and an average of 60.952 units were observed. The millet plants presented high number of leaves and high leaf area when applied to the irrigation blade of 300 mm of wastewater. The consortium of millet X-lab-lab beans did not interfere interfere with the growth of millet.

Characterisation of Treated Wastewater of M’Zab Valley for Reuse in Irrigation (Southern Algeria)

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 78-87
Author(s):  
Rachid Zegait ◽  
Boualem Remini
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Treated Water ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Precious Resource ◽  
Wastewater Pollution ◽  
Poor Quality Water

The reuse of treated wastewater can reduce the water deficit in Saharan areas, especially in Ghardaia. The M'Zab wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is designed to treat wastewater by the natural lagoon system, and to reuse the treated water for irrigation of agricultural perimeters in order to contribute to sustainable development efforts in the region. Indeed the present work aims to search for the study of the possibility of reusing treated wastewater of M 'Zab in irrigation, to do this, we established and followed the evolution of the various physical-chemical and bacteriological analysis for two years (2013-2015), to study the effectiveness of biological treatment in the reduction of wastewater pollution, and then compare the results of treated water with national and international standards in the field of 'irrigation. The results showed that the treated water is considered as poor quality water is not usable only for some salt-tolerant species and on well-drained soil and leached, require additional treatments for ensured the quality of this precious resource.

scholarly journals Effects of Wastewater Treatment Plant Effluent on Survival, Growth, and Vitellogenin Concentrations of Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas)

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Griffin ◽  
Elisabeth A. Harrahy
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Male Fish ◽  
Wwtp Effluent ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Receiving Waters

Concern over pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface waters has increased as scientists have detected these contaminants in streams and rivers nationwide. One source of PPCPs is wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), where some PPCPs are being deliveredand then discharged to receiving waters in effluent.  Estrogens, the primary female sex hormones, have been found in natural and synthetic forms in effluent and in receiving waters. Field and laboratory studies were carried out to determine if a local WWTP’s effluent affects survival, egg production, and vitellogenin (an egg precursor protein) concentrations in fathead minnows.  Results from a 24-day field study showed no significant difference in survival or egg production between fish caged at sites located upstream and downstream of the WWTP effluent pipe. Vitellogenin was detected in some male fish at both sites. A comparison of male fish that produced vitellogenin showed higher concentrations in those located downstream. Because there may be other sources of estrogens or estrogen mimics to the stream, acute and chronic whole effluent toxicity (WET) tests were conducted with larval fathead minnows, and a reproduction assay was conducted with adult fathead minnows in the laboratory. Results of the WET tests showed no significant difference in survival among fish exposed to different dilutions of whole effluent. The laboratory reproduction assay showed no significant differences in survival or egg production between fish in 100% effluent and control treatments. Vitellogenin was detected in all male fish analyzed, including controls. This indicates there may be other sources of estrogenic compounds in the laboratory as well. While biomarkers such as vitellogenin may be more sensitive than other endpoints, it is important to have a good understanding of their selectivity.  Combining field and laboratory studies can provide a better understanding of the potential effects of WWTP effluent on aquatic organisms.

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