The effect of aerobic exercise training on gene expression of beta3-adrenergic receptor and beta-arrestin2 in inguinal white adipose tissue of mice fed with a high fat diet

Background and aims: Beta-adrenergic signaling deficiency has been established to be related to obesity and related diseases. Beta3- adrenergic receptor (Adrb3) and beta-arrestin2 (Barr2) are pivotal agents in the beta-adrenergic-signaling pathway. This study aimed to investigate the preventive effect of aerobic training on dysregulation of Adrb3 and Barr2 gene expression that was induced by high-fat diet (HFD) in inguinal white adipose tissue of mice. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one C57BL/6 mice were assigned to three groups as follows: 1) control group (n=7), 2) high-fat diet-induced overweight (HFD-OW) (n=7), and 3) high-fat diet with aerobic training (HFD-AT) (n=7). The HFD-OW group were fed with a HFD for 12 weeks. The HFD-AT group had aerobic training for six weeks on a treadmill in addition to feeding with the HFD. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method was used to measure the gene expression of Adrb3 and Barr2 in inguinal white adipose tissue. Results: The gene expression of Adrb3 did not significantly change between groups (P>0.05). However, the expression of Barr2 in HFD-OW group was significantly increased as compared to the control group (1.5-fold: P=0.001). Interestingly, the Barr2 expression in HFD-AT group was significantly lower compared with HFD-OW group (P=0.045). Conclusion: The results indicated that aerobic training could inhibit the upregulation of Barr2 induced by HFD. It seems that a portion of the preventive effect of aerobic training on the development of obesity may be mediated by inhibiting the Barr2 expression in adipose tissue.

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PO-043 The Effects of One-Time High Intensity Intermittent Training on Expression of LC3 Gene in Rats’ White Adipose Tissue

Exercise Biochemistry Review ◽

10.14428/ebr.v1i3.10083 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Qishu Zhou ◽

Chunyu Liang ◽

Yafei Li ◽

Yi Yan

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

High Intensity ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Intermittent Exercise ◽

Diet Group ◽

Control Group ◽

High Fat ◽

Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissue ◽

White Fat

Objective To investigate the effect of one-time high-intensity intermittent exercise in white fat autophagy in obese rats and provide a theoretical basis of the molecular mechanism of exercise fat loss. Methods Eighteen male 3-weeks-old rats were selected and divided into control group fed with normal diet (C), high-fat diet group fed with high fat diet (H). After 16 weeks, there were twelve obesity rats that divided into diet group (HS) and exercise group (HE). The other six control group rats of 19 weeks age were used as the standard (CS group). OE group did the high intensity intermittent exercise once. The CS group and the CS group were kept quietly. Three groups were taken subcutaneous white adipose tissue(S) and epididymal white adipose tissue (E) immediately after exercise. Mensurate the expression of LC3 gene in the tissue using the fluorescent quantitative PCR. Results 1. The expression of LC3 mRNA from white fat tissue was different to the tissues, which the expression of epididymal white adipose tissue of each group was higher than that in subcutaneous white adipose tissue (P <0.01). 2. Compared with CS group, the expression of epididymal white fat adipose tissue LC3 mRNA decreased (P<0.01) and the expression of the subcutaneous white adipose tissue increased from HS group (P <0.05). 3. Compared with OS group, the expression of epididymal white fat adipose tissue LC3 mRNA decreased (P<0.05) and the expression of subcutaneous white adipose tissue decreased from OS group. Conclusions The expression of LC3mRNA in epididymal white fat adipose tissue of rats was significantly higher than that of subcutaneous white fat. The changes of LC3mRNA expression of adipose tissue caused by high-fat diet have tissue differences. One-time high-intensity intermittent exercise can reduce the expression of LC3mRNA in fat tissue of obese rats. Its regulatory mechanism needs to be further studied.

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The Effect of Hydro-Alcoholic Extract of Nigella sativa on Bmp7 and Bmp8b Expression in Rats Fed with a High-Fat Diet

Jundishapur Journal of Natural Pharmaceutical Products ◽

10.5812/jjnpp.65662 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Akram Yaghoobi ◽

Keihan Ghatreh Samani ◽

Effat Farrokhi

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Diet Group ◽

Alcoholic Extract ◽

High Fat ◽

Prevention And Treatment

Background: Bone morphogenetic protein7 (BMP7) and bone morphogenetic protein 8b (BMP8b) can induce browning of white adipose tissue. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidative effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Nigella sativa on the repair of oxidative damage caused by a high-fat diet. Also, Bmp7 and Bmp8b gene expressions were investigated on white adipose tissue of the rats and then compared with metformin effects. Methods: Eighty rats were divided into two groups of prevention and treatment; then each set was divided into four sub-groups based on the administered diet (i.e., ordinary, fat, metformin, and extract of Nigella sativa). Lipid profile, paraoxonase1, malondialdehyde (MDA), HDL, and antioxidant capacity were measured in serum samples, and relative Bmp7 and Bmp8b gene expressions were calculated in white adipose tissue. Results: For both prevention and treatment sets, the weight of rats who received a high-fat diet decreased more compared to those in the normal diet group. The weight of rats who received metformin or nigella extract was also decreased compared to the high-fat diet group. MDA was also increased, but total antioxidant capacity and catalase were decreased in rats of the high-fat diet group compared to the normal diet group. MDA was also declined in nigella receiving rats, but liver PON1 activity, total antioxidant capacity, and catalase were increased, compared to the second group (P < 0.05). In the prevention and treatment set, Bmp8b gene expression was increased in the metformin and Nigella sativa groups, whereas it was decreased among those who received a high-fat diet. Bmp7 gene expression was decreased in the high-fat diet set, but metformin and Nigella sativa extract didn’t influence Bmp7 gene expression. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that Nigella sativa extract has a protective role against oxidative stress in a high-fat diet.

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The Correlation between MicroRNA-199a and White Adipose Tissue in C57/BL6J Mice with High-Fat Diet

10.1101/167783 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Dan Liu ◽

Xia Wang ◽

Xinying Lin ◽

Baihui Zhang ◽

Shue Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Regulatory Element ◽

Control Group ◽

Model Group ◽

High Fat ◽

Fatty Acid Binding

AbstractUnderstanding is emerging about microRNAs as mediators in the regulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) and obesity. The expression level of miR-199a in mice was investigated to test our hypothesis: miR-199a might be related to fat accumulation and try to find its target mRNA, which perhaps could propose strategies with a therapeutic potential affecting the fat storage. C57/BL6J mice were randomly assigned to either a control group or an obesity model group (n=10 in both groups). Control mice were fed a normal diet (fat: 10 kcal %) ad libitum for 12 weeks, and model mice were fed a high-fat diet (fat: 30 kcal %) ad libitum for 12 weeks to induce obesity. At the end of the experiment, body fat mass and the free fatty acids (FFAs) and triglycerides (TGs) in WAT were tested. Fat cell size was measured by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining method. The fat mass of the model group was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). In addition, the concentrations of the FFAs and TGs were higher (P<0.05) and the adipocyte count was lower (P<0.05) in the model group. We tested the expression levels of miR-199a and key adipogenic transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma2 (PPARγ2), CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins alpha (C/EBPα), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (aP2), and sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c). Up-regulated expression of miR-199a was observed in model group. Increased levels of miR-199a was accompanied by high expression levels of SREBP-1c. We found that the 3’-UTR of SREBP-1c mRNA has a predicted binding site for miR-199a. Based on the current discoveries, we suggest that miR-199a may exert its action by binding to its target mRNA and cooperate with SREBP-1c to induce obesity. Therefore, if the predicted binding site is confirmed by further research, miR-199a may have therapeutic potential for obesity.AbbreviationsWAT, white adipose tissue; PPARγ2, peroxisome proliferator, activated receptor γ2; C/EBP αCCAAT/enhancer binding proteins α; aP2, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein; SREBP-1c, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c; HFD, high-fat diet.

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Impact of high-fat diet on vasoconstrictor reactivity of white and brown adipose tissue resistance arteries

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00278.2018 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 316 (3) ◽

pp. H485-H494

Author(s):

Sugata Hazra ◽

Grant D. Henson ◽

R. Colton Bramwell ◽

Anthony J. Donato ◽

Lisa A. Lesniewski

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Mechanical Properties ◽

Blood Flow ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Brown Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Resistance Arteries ◽

High Fat ◽

Brown Adipose

Blood flow regulation is a critical factor for tissue oxygenation and substrate supply. Increased reactivity of arteries to vasoconstrictors may increase vascular resistance, resulting in reduced blood flow. We aimed to investigate the effect of a high-fat (HF) diet on stiffness and vasoconstrictor reactivity of white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) resistance arteries and also investigated the interconversion of both adipose depots in the setting of a HF diet. Vasoconstrictor reactivity and passive morphology and mechanical properties of arteries from B6D2F1 mice (5 mo old) fed normal chow (NC) or a HF diet (8 wk) were measured using pressure myography. Receptor gene expression in WAT and BAT arteries and markers of WAT and BAT were assessed in whole tissue lysates by real-time RT-PCR. Despite greater receptor-independent vasoconstriction (in response to KCl, P < 0.01), vasoconstriction in response to angiotensin II ( P < 0.01) was lower in NC-BAT than NC-WAT arteries and similar in response to endothelin-1 ( P = 0.07) and norepinephrine ( P = 0.11) in NC-BAT and NC-WAT arteries. With the exception of BAT artery reactivity to endothelin-1 and angiotensin II, the HF diet tended to attenuate reactivity in arteries from both adipose depots and increased expression of adipose markers in BAT. No significant differences in morphology or passive mechanical properties were found between adipose types or diet conditions. Alterations in gene expression of adipose markers after the HF diet suggest beiging of BAT. An increase in brown adipocytes in the absence of increased BAT mass may be a compensatory mechanism to dissipate excess energy from a HF diet. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Despite no differences in passive mechanical properties and greater receptor-independent vasoconstriction, receptor-mediated vasoconstriction was either lower in brown than white adipose tissue arteries or similar in brown and white adipose tissue arteries. A high-fat diet has a greater impact on vasoconstrictor responses in white adipose tissue but leads to altered adipose tissue gene expression consistent with beiging of the brown adipose tissue. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/vasoconstriction-in-white-and-brown-adipose/ .

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Improved Therapeutic Efficiency against Obesity through Transdermal Drug Delivery Using Microneedle Arrays

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13060827 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 827

Author(s):

Yixuan Xie ◽

Ruomei Shao ◽

Yali Lin ◽

Chunnan Wang ◽

Ying Tan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Adrenergic Receptor ◽

Uncoupling Protein ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

High Fat ◽

Injection Group ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Injection Dose

In this paper, we prepared patches that were composed of a degradable microneedle (MN) array with a soft backing provided for the skin tissue. We then performed a transdermal delivery of anti-obesity drugs to evaluate the effectiveness of β3 adrenergic receptor CL316243 in obesity treatment in overweight mice induced by a high-fat diet. Eighty male National Institutes of Health (NIH) mice were randomly divided into four obese groups or the control group. The obesity groups were given a high-fat diet for 15–18 weeks to establish an obese model. Afterward, the obese groups were divided into the following four groups: the control group, the unloaded MN group, the CL-316243 MN group, and the injection group. For the injection group, the group of mice was injected subcutaneously with CL316243 (1 mg/(kg·day)) for 15 days. Furthermore, the CL-316243 MN group was given a lower dose (0.1 mg/(kg·day)) for 15 days. After weighing the mice, we used Western blotting to detect the expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the adipose tissue around the mouse viscera. The results stated that the weight of the CL-316243 MN group and the injection group dropped, and the UCP1 protein expression of brown adipose tissue (BAT) significantly increased. The results demonstrated the β3 adrenergic receptor agonist CL316243 could be carried into the body through MN, and the dose applied was considerably smaller than the injection dose. The reason for this may arise from the CL-316243 being delivered by MN arrays to subcutaneous adipose tissue more efficiently, with an even distribution, compared to that of the injection dose. This technique provides a new and feasible way to treat obesity more effectively.

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Allium hookeri Root Extract Inhibits Adipogenesis by Promoting Lipolysis in High Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11102262 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2262 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kim ◽

Jang ◽

Lee

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Obese Mice ◽

High Fat ◽

Tissue Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue Weight ◽

Allium Hookeri

: Allium hookeri (AH) is widely consumed as a herbal medicine. It possesses biological activity against metabolic diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of AH root water extract (AHR) on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells and in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. AHR inhibited lipid accumulation during adipocyte differentiation by downregulation of gene expression, such as hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and an adipogenic gene, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Oral administration of AHR significantly suppressed body weight gain, adipose tissue weight, serum leptin levels, and adipocyte cell size in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, AHR significantly decreased hepatic mRNA expression levels of cholesterol synthesis genes, such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor (SREBP)-2, and low-density lipoprotein receptor, as well as fatty acid synthesis genes, such as SREBP-1c and fatty acid synthase. Serum triglyceride levels were also lowered by AHR, likely as a result of the upregulating gene involved in fatty acid β-oxidation, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, in the liver. AHR treatment activated gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, which might have promoted HSL and LPL-medicated lipolysis, thereby reducing white adipose tissue weight. In conclusion, AHR treatment can improve metabolic alterations induced by HFD in mice by modifying expression levels of genes involved in adipogenesis, lipogenesis, and lipolysis in the white adipose tissue and liver.

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Body Composition Changes in Female APOE*3Leiden.CETP Transgenic Mice After 5-week Injection of Resveratrol-encapsulated Liposomes to Inguinal White Adipose Tissue (P21-041-19)

Current Developments in Nutrition ◽

10.1093/cdn/nzz041.p21-041-19 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Zeynep Goktas ◽

Md Shahjalal Hossain Khan ◽

Yujiao Zu ◽

Lei Hao ◽

Shu Wang

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Body Weight ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Food Intake ◽

Transgenic Mice ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Saline Control ◽

Control Group ◽

High Fat

Abstract Objectives Many cell culture and animal studies have demonstrated that Trans-resveratrol (R) has the potential to induce beige cell formation and activity. Although human studies indicate that R can maintain metabolic health, evidence is inconclusive regarding its browning effectiveness mainly due to its low aqueous solubility and high hepatic metabolism in humans. To combat the shortcomings of R, we have successfully synthesized biocompatible and biodegradable R-encapsulated liposomes (Rlipo). We will directly inject Rlipo into inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) in this project. The purpose of this study to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of resveratrol-encapsulated liposomes in female APOE*3Leiden.CETP transgenic mice, which have human-like lipoprotein metabolism. Methods Rlipo was prepared using R and soy phosphatidylcholine (soy-PC) dissolved in ethanol. After mixing and drying with nitrogen, deionized water was added followed by a sonication step. Ultrafiltration was used to remove any unencapsulated R. The void liposomes (Vlipo) were prepared using only soy-PC. Female APOE*3Leiden.CETP mice (n = 40) were fed with a high fat diet (45% of calorie from fat) throughout the study. After 4 weeks of the high-fat diet administration, mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10) and received iWAT injections of Rlipo, Vlipo, free R and saline (control) once per week for 5 weeks. R concentration was 17.5 mg/kg body weight/week. Body weight and food intake were measured weekly. Body composition of mice was measured using an EchoMRITM every other week. Paired sample t-test and One-way ANOVA were used to analyze differences between means. Results After 5-weeks of treatment compared to baseline, fat percentage differences were 1.99 ± 0.93%, 1.85 ± 0.58%, 1.45 ± 0.67%, and 1.40 ± 0.68% in control, free R, Vlipo and Rlipo groups, respectively. Body weight and fat mass showed a similar trend of change. Although control group showed an increase in lean mass (0.25 ± 0.95 g), RLipo group showed a decrease (−0.14 ± 0.52 g). Food intake was similar among four groups. Conclusions Nanoencapsulation of R can enhance R's anti-obesity effects. However longer treatment time might be necessary to see more prominent results. Funding Sources NIH/NCCIH (Grant R15AT008733).

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Expression of the key metabolic regulators in the white adipose tissue of rats; the role of high-fat diet and aerobic training

Comparative Exercise Physiology ◽

10.3920/cep180008 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 271-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

M. Ebrahimi ◽

R. Fathi ◽

Z. Ansari Pirsaraei ◽

E. Talebi-Garakani ◽

M. Najafi

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Aerobic Training ◽

Regulatory Element ◽

Farnesoid X Receptor ◽

Weight Changes ◽

High Fat ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Lipid metabolism, especially in the white adipose tissue as an active metabolic organ, is tightly regulated by the key transcription factors, such as the sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR). We have studied the expression of these genes in the white adipose tissue to see how a high fat diet (HFD) and two intensities of aerobic training change the lipogenic and lipolytic pathways. 44 male Wistar rats randomly divided into the normal (12% calories from fat) and HFD (56% calories from fat) groups. Each group included control (n=6), moderate trained (n=8, ~65% Vo2max) and high intensity trained (n=8, ~75% Vo2max) rats. After 8 weeks of training, the weight changes, plasma insulin and lipid profile levels and the relative gene expression of SREBP-1c and FXR in the adipose tissue was measured. Data were analysed by 2-way ANOVA (P<0.05). HFD fed rats showed higher levels of insulin and dyslipidemia that was correlated with the higher weight gain. Also, the adipose expression of SREBP-1c was higher in the HFD fed rats that it was strongly correlated with the lower FXR expression. Trained rats independent of the intensity of the training showed lower SREBP-1c and higher FXR expression, but no change was observed in the lipid profile levels. HFD-induced dyslipidemia could occur via SREBP-1c activation in the adipose tissue while the aerobic training activates FXR and inhibits the lipogenic pathways. Despite the activation of lipolytic pathways in the trained rats, it seems that diet has more effect on the lipid profile than the aerobic training.

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Gene expression changes in rat white adipose tissue after a high-fat diet determined by differential display

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications ◽

10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.04.018 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 318 (1) ◽

pp. 234-239 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

I.P López ◽

F.I Milagro ◽

A Martı́ ◽

M.J Moreno-Aliaga ◽

J.A Martı́nez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

White Adipose Tissue ◽

Differential Display ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat

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Anti-Obesity and Hypocholesterolemic Actions of Protamine-Derived Peptide RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg) and Protamine in High-Fat Diet-Induced C57BL/6J Mice

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13082501 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 2501

Author(s):

Maihemuti Mijiti ◽

Ryosuke Mori ◽

Bingyu Huang ◽

Kenichiro Tsukamoto ◽

Keisuke Kiriyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Fecal Excretion ◽

Control Group ◽

High Fat ◽

Tissue Weight ◽

Cholesterol Levels ◽

Adipose Tissue Weight ◽

Fas Mrna ◽

Hypocholesterolemic Peptide

Dietary protamine can ameliorate hyperlipidemia; however, the protamine-derived active peptide and its hypolipidemic mechanism of action are unclear. Here, we report the discovery of a novel anti-obesity and hypocholesterolemic peptide, RPR (Arg-Pro-Arg), derived from protamine in mice fed a high-fat diet for 50 days. Serum cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the protamine and RPR groups than in the control group. White adipose tissue weight was significantly decreased in the protamine and RPR groups. The fecal excretion of cholesterol and bile acid was significantly higher in the protamine and RPR groups than in the control group. We also observed a significant decrease in the expression of hepatic SCD1, SREBP1, and adipocyte FAS mRNA, and significantly increased expression of hepatic PPARα and adipocyte PPARγ1 mRNA in the protamine group. These findings demonstrate that the anti-obesity effects of protamine are linked to the upregulation of adipocyte PPARγ1 and hepatic PPARα and the downregulation of hepatic SCD1 via SREBP1 and adipocyte FAS. RPR derived from protamine has a crucial role in the anti-obesity action of protamine by evaluating the effective dose of adipose tissue weight loss.

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