scholarly journals Comparative Fatty Acids Composition of Cashew, Fenugreek and Moringa Seed Oils

2019 ◽  
pp. 321-332
Author(s):  
M. Alhassan ◽  
A. M. Bello ◽  
M. Suleiman ◽  
A. M. Safiya ◽  
A. A. Garba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Cashew Nut ◽  
Soxhlet Method ◽  
Moringa Oil ◽  
High Level

Oil extraction from Cashew nut was carried out by Soxhlet method using n-hexane as the solvent. The oil was transesterified to produce Fatty Acid Methyl-Esters (FAMEs) and glycerol. Fenugreek and Moringa seed oils were purchased from the market. GC- Analysis gave the following fatty acids composition: Oleic (74.99%), Linoleic (1.27%), Stearic (2.09%), Myristic (0.86%), Lauric (1.97%), Linolenic (1.75%), Palmitic (12.51%) and Palmitoleic (2.70%) for Moringa oil; Oleic (67.62%), Linoleic (16.99%), Stearic (8.42%) and Palmitic (6.93%) for Cashew oil while Fenugreek oil constituted of Oleic (20%), Linoleic (42.5%), Stearic (6.5%), Linolenic (18%), Palmitic (10.5%) and Arachidonic (0.5%). The study revealed that the three vegetable seeds are good sources of edible oils. Cashew oil is considered to be the most suitable for food formulation as well as pharmaceutical, paint, soap and perfume industries because of high level of unsaturated in the fatty acid contents.

scholarly journals Quantification of Seed Oil Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Jatropha cucas L. from Guizhou, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Hamidou SENOU ◽  
Cai X. ZHENG ◽  
Gabriel SAMAKE ◽  
Mamadou B. TRAORE ◽  
Fousseni FOLEGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition

<p class="1Body">The methyl esters of fatty acids composition of the oil from <em>jatropha curcas</em> seeds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer GC-MS. Fourteen components were found to be representative with 99.52% of the total content of seed oils. The main constituents were unsaturated fatty acids (71.93%) and saturated fatty acids (27.59%). For the saturated fatty acids composition such as palmitic and stearic acid, the rate was 15.80% and 10.79%, respectively. Linoleic acid (39.58%) and oleic acid (30.41%) were obtained in highest concentration among the unsaturated fatty acids identified in the seeds oil of <em>Jatropha curcas</em> from Guizhou. This value also justifies the fluidity of the oil at room temperature. A high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (39.58%) and a slightly lower rate of monounsaturated fatty acids (32.35%) were also observed. The seed oils profile of Guizhou <em>Jatropha curcas</em> presents the desirable fatty acid C14 to C18 and interesting features for the biodiesel production.</p>

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Methods of Extraction for Pomegranate Seeds

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Joanna Bryś ◽  
Marko Obranović ◽  
Maja Repajić ◽  
Klara Kraljić ◽  
Dubravka Škevin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Positional Distribution ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Punicic Acid ◽  
Soxhlet Method ◽  
Pomegranate Seeds

Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) has attracted considerable attention because of its potentially beneficial biological effects. This oil consists of a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, mainly conjugated type, punicic acid. Punicic acid has antioxidant and anticancer activity. The aim of this research was to compare the properties of PSO obtained by cold extraction, Soxhlet extraction and Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE). The oxidative stability of oils from pomegranate was determined by using the calorimetric method. The determination of fatty acid composition was carried out by gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acid methyl esters. The positional distribution of fatty acids in the sn-2 and sn-1,3 positions of triacylglycerols (TAG) was based on the ability of the pancreatic lipase to selectively hydrolyze ester bonds in the sn-1,3 positions. Sterols composition was determined with GC-MS. The greatest amount of oil can be obtained using the Soxhlet method (12–15%) and the least by using the ASE method (10–11%), but the ASE oil is more diverse in terms of sterol content. All the extracted oils were rich in punicic acid (about 80%). In the external positions of TAG there is mainly punicic acid, while in the internal positions there are oleic and linoleic acids.

AN OXYGENATED FATTY ACID FROM THE SEED OIL OF HIBISCUS ESCULENTUS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary J. Chisholm ◽  
C. Y. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Total Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Hibiscus Esculentus

The fatty acids of okra seed oil (Hibiscusesculentus L.) were examined. Acetylation of the oil, followed by saponification and separation of the acids, gave 12,13-dihydroxyoleic acid. From this and other evidence it is concluded that 12,13-epoxyoleic acid is present as a constituent of the glycerides. An oxygenated acid has not been identified previously in seed oils of this plant family (Malvaceae). 9-Hexadecenoic acid was also found. The total fatty acid composition was determined by distillation of the methyl esters and analysis of the distilled fractions. The percentages of the acids identified were estimated as follows: 9-hexadecenoic 0.6, palmitic 29, linoleic 39, oleic 23, stearic 2, 12,13-epoxyoleic 3, arachidic <1. Myristic, eicosenoic, and trienoic acids were not detected and, if present, are judged to have been in amounts less than 1% of the total.

Inconsistencies in a Highly Polar Capillary Gas Chromatography Column and Necessity of Column Performance Checks for trans Fatty Acid Measurement

2012 ◽  
Vol 95 (6) ◽  
pp. 1740-1743
Author(s):  
Wakako Tsuzuki
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Trans Fatty Acid ◽  
Trans Fatty Acids ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Isothermal Operation

Abstract GC with a capillary column (60–100 m length) is widely used to measure trans fatty acids in dietary fats and biological tissues. Recently, we have occasionally observed that isothermal operation of an SP-2560 column at 180°C results in incomplete separation of gondoic acid (11c-20:1) and one of the geometric isomers of α-linolenic acid (9t,12c,15c-18:3), although it has been known to produce their baseline separation in American Oil Chemists' Society Official Method Ce 1h-05, as well as in previous studies. Thus, trans isomer (9t,12c,15c-18:3) is one of the main components of trans fatty acids in refined edible oils, and the baseline separation of this peak from that of 11c-20:1 is indispensable. We demonstrate in this study that an isothermal operating temperature of 175°C for an SP-2560 column results in satisfactory resolution of these two fatty acids. Because of the inconsistency in the separation provided by SP-2560 columns, careful monitoring of the relative elution order of different fatty acid methyl esters using standards is necessary for the exact evaluation of trans fatty acid contents in oils and fats.

scholarly journals GC Analysis of Seven Seed Oils Containing Conjugated Fatty Acids

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Robert Goldschmidt ◽  
William Byrdwell
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Conjugated Fatty Acids ◽  
Flame Ionization ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Poly Ethylene ◽  
Multiple Species

The fatty acid compositions, including isomer compositions, of seven seed oils containing conjugated fatty acids (CFA) were determined. Seed oils were extracted using a modified Folch extraction, converted to fatty acid methyl esters, and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometry and flame ionization detection. The MS detector was operated in positive-ion chemical ionization mode using methane reagent gas. GC was performed using two columns providing different retention characteristics: a poly(ethylene glycol) column and a more polar biscyanopropyl column. The complimentary information provided by the two columns was crucial to peak identification in several cases. The major CFA species in the samples are well known but all contained lesser amounts of additional CFA that have not been widely reported. All samples contained multiple species of conjugated linolenic acid, and two samples also contained small amounts of conjugated linoleic acid. The seed oils of Jacaranda mimosifolia and Calendula officinalis were found to contain 8c,10t,12t-18:3, the natural occurrence of which has only been recently reported in some other samples. The seed oil of Impatiens balsamina has been reported to contain four conjugated 18:4 species, and we present evidence for a fifth conjugated 18:4 isomer.

scholarly journals Interspecific Variation in the Unsaturation Level of Seed Oils Were Associated With the Expression Pattern Shifts of Duplicated Desaturase Genes and the Potential Role of Other Regulatory Genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengli Wang ◽  
Lexuan Gao ◽  
Gengyun Li ◽  
Chengchuan Zhou ◽  
Jinjing Jian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Post Translational Modification

Seed oils are of great economic importance both for human consumption and industrial applications. The nutritional quality and industrial value of seed oils are mostly determined by their fatty acid profiles, especially the relative proportions of unsaturated fatty acids. Tree peony seed oils have recently been recognized as novel edible oils enriched in α-linolenic acid (ALA). However, congeneric species, such as Paeonia ostii and P. ludlowii, showed marked variation in the relative proportions of different unsaturated fatty acids. By comparing the dynamics of fatty acid accumulation and the time-course gene expression patterns between P. ostii and P. ludlowii, we identified genes that were differentially expressed between two species in developing seeds, and showed congruent patterns of variation between expression levels and phenotypes. In addition to the well-known desaturase and acyltransferase genes associated with fatty acid desaturation, among them were some genes that were conservatively co-expressed with the desaturation pathway genes across phylogenetically distant ALA-rich species, including Camelina sativa and Perilla frutescens. Go enrichment analysis revealed that these genes were mainly involved in transcriptional regulation, protein post-translational modification and hormone biosynthesis and response, suggesting that the fatty acid synthesis and desaturation pathway might be subject to multiple levels of regulation.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids Profiles of Stipe and Blade from the Norwegian Brown Macroalga Laminaria hyperborea, Using Off-Line SPE and GC-MS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Oksdøl Foseid ◽  
Hanne Devle ◽  
Yngve Stenstrøm ◽  
Carl Fredrik Naess-Andresen ◽  
Dag Ekeberg
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Laminaria Hyperborea ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lipid Fractions

A thorough analysis and comparison of the fatty acid profiles of stipe and blade from Laminaria hyperborea, a kelp species found in the northern Atlantic, is presented. Lipids were extracted and fractionated into neutral lipids, free fatty acids and polar lipids, then derivatized to fatty acid methyl esters prior to GC-MS analysis. A total of 42 fatty acids were identified and quantified, including the n-3 fatty acids &alpha;-linolenic acid, stearidonic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid. An n-6/n-3 ratio of 0.8:1 was found in blade and 3.5:1 in stipe, respectively. The ratios vary between the lipid fractions within stipe and blade, with the lowest ratio in the polar lipid fraction of blade. The fatty acid amounts are higher in blade than in stipe, and the highest amounts of n-3 fatty acids are found within the neutral lipid fractions. The amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids are 3.4 times higher in blade than stipe. This study highlights the compositional differences between the lipid fractions of stipe and blade from L. hyperborea. The amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids, compared to saturated- and monounsaturated fatty acids, as well as the n-6/n-3-ratio, is known to influence human health. In the pharmaceutical, food, and feed industries this can be of importance for production and sale of different health products. Additionally, lipids are today among the unused by products of alginate production, exploiting this material for commercial interest should give both economical and environmental benefits.

scholarly journals Inclusion of rapeseed and pumpkin seed cakes in diets for Murciano-Granadina goats alters the fatty acid profile of milk

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 262-270
Author(s):  
I.M. Boldea ◽  
C. Dragomir ◽  
M.A. Gras ◽  
M. Ropotă
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Lipids ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Pumpkin Seed ◽  
Lactating Goats

The objective of this research was to assess the effects of including oil-rich feedstuffs in diets for lactating goats on the fatty acid (FA) profile of their milk. Thirty-six Murciano-Granadina goats were randomly assigned to three treatment groups, namely a control diet (CTRL), a diet based on whole rapeseed (RS), and a diet based on pumpkin seed cake (PSC). The diets were composed of 1 kg hay (70 % Italian ryegrass, 30% alfalfa) and 1.24 kg concentrate, and were formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous. Milk yield and its contents of protein, fat and lactose did not differ significantly among the groups. However, including oil-rich feeds in the diet altered the fatty acid profile of the milk significantly, decreasing its saturated fatty acid (SFA) content and increasing its content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Effects on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and the n-6 to n-3 ratio depended on the source of dietary lipids. The PSC augmented diet increased the relative amount of PUFAs and fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) in milk (+25 %) significantly In comparison with CTRL, whereas the RS diet produced a limited and statistically insignificant increase (+7.5%). The concentration of CLA was higher in milk from does fed the PSC diet, whereas the n-6 to n-3 ratio was lower in milk from does fed RS. These preliminary results form the basis for developing premium dairy products that are enriched in fatty acids that are more favourable for human health.

Lipids of the fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) from North Atlantic waters. IV. Fin whale milk

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Ackman ◽  
C. A. Eaton ◽  
S. N. Hooper
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Lipid ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Fin Whale ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Fatty acid compositions were determined for total lipid (17.5% of the milk and > 95% triglycerides), 2-monoglyceride obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of isolated triglyceride, and isolated phospholipid (~1% of total lipids). The total lipid fatty acids of the milk had a composition similar to fin whale depot fat but were enriched in hexadecanoic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids at the expense of monoethylenic acids; correspondingly the iodine value of 136 (methyl esters) was higher than the normal range (105–120) of North Atlantic fin whale blubber oils. Over 80% of the fatty acids in the 2-position of the triglycerides were accounted for by relatively short chain fatty acids, especially hexadecanoic (54.6%), tetradecanoic (13.7%), and hexadecenoic (11.2%), so that the ester iodine value was only 48. The milk phospholipids had a fatty acid composition basically similar to that of liver phospholipids (methyl ester iodine value 120) with somewhat more polyunsaturated fatty acids and accordingly an iodine value of 144 for methyl esters.

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