Punityive actions of Nazis in the occupied districts of Kaluga Region in 1941-1943
The article analyses the felonious policy of Hitler's state against the civilian population of the rural areas of Kaluga Region on the basis of the available archival sources and local history material. The author assesses the demographic and material damage of the regions subjected to Nazi occupation, identifies the causes of possible losses. The study found that the Nazi policy in the territory of the region could not be fully realised due to the distractions of the Nazis: the frontline status of the region, development of the guerrilla movement, as well as the rapid liberation of a large part of the region by the Red Army by the early 1942. However, despite the unfavourable conditions for the occupationists, the essence of the occupation regime is quite clearly expressed in the Southern and Western regions of the region, the territories that had been for quite a long time under control of the Nazis, which significantly made the region suffer demographic and economic losses.