scholarly journals “THE CHERRY ORCHARD” BY ANTON CHEKHOV AND “THE ATONEMENT” BY IGNATY POTAPENKO: THE ARTISTIC INTERDEPENDENCE AND THE PLOT CORRESPONDENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Irina Yu. Luchenetskaya-Burdina ◽  
Kseniya Ye. Poltevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Anton Chekhov ◽  
Classical Drama ◽  
Thematic Unity ◽  
Cherry Orchard ◽  
Compositional Elements ◽  
New Drama

It is generally recognized that the dramaturgy of Anton Chekhov had a significant impact on the theatre of the 20th century. At the same time, the question of the writer’s role in the playwright’s work of the turn of the 19th–20th centuries has been little studied in literature. Ignaty Potapenko is one of the most popular writers of the 1890s and a friend of Anton Chekhov. The article presents a comparative analysis of the plays – “The Cherry Orchard” by Anton Chekhov and “The Atonement” by Ignaty Potapenko – in which the same topic is revealed: the old nobiliary manors destruction. The plot and the conflict as the elements of writer’s dramatic method are considered. The main motifs of the plays are analysed. It is noted that the conflict of Ignaty Potapenkoʼs play is psychological and traditional for classical drama. There is no conflict between characters in “The Cherry Orchard”. The conflict is philosophical. The role of the double-characters in both plays is considered. It is proved that both plays are united by the motif of foreboding disaster, catastrophe. It is proved that both plays are united by the motif of disaster and catastrophe premonition, existence of the internal and external plot. The ideological and thematic unity of the plays, the interconnection of some motifs, plot and compositional elements were discovered. It is shown that in the play by Ignaty Potapenko there are elements of both classical drama and the “new drama”.

The role of science in the study of and response to space threats

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (8) ◽  
pp. 777-799
Author(s):  
B. M. Shustov
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Space Debris ◽  
The Sun ◽  
National Program ◽  
Biological Hazard ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Space Activities

During the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, space hazards multiplied, the most urgent of which is space debris. Professionals working in space are exposed to this hazard daily and are aware of it as a problem. Furthermore, increasing attention is being paid to the unpredictable behavior of the Sun, which produces the so-called space weather. The asteroid-comet hazard is considered as potentially having the most catastrophic consequences. No manifestations of biological hazard have yet been observed, although as space activities develop, it is becoming increasingly important. The appropriate time scale for astrophysical hazards is many millions of years, so from a practical perspective, they have no importance. This article briefly describes the main types of space hazards. The author analyzes the results of research and practical work in the field, both worldwide and specifically in Russia. Comparative analysis leads to the clear conclusion that a national program must be developed for the study of space hazards and to respond to space threats. This article is based on a report made by the author at the meeting of the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) on January 15, 2019.

scholarly journals О двух ойратских списках «Наказа Манджушри» из коллекции Н. Д. Кичикова (по материалам Кетченеровского краеведческого музея)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-363
Author(s):  
Delyash N. Muzraevа ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Local History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Buddhist Monk ◽  
Monastic Community ◽  
History Of

Introduction. The written heritage of Kalmyk Buddhist priests, their daily practices, liturgical repertoire still remain a poorly studied page in the history of Buddhism among Mongolic peoples in the 20th century. The survived collections, clusters of religious texts prove instrumental in revealing most interesting aspects of their activities, efforts aimed at preservation of Buddhist teachings, their popularization and dissemination among believers. Goals. The paper examines two Oirat copies of the Precepts of the Omniscient [Manjushri] from N. D. Kichikov’s collection, transliterates and translates the original texts, provides a comparative analysis, and notes differences therein that had resulted from the scribe’s work, thereby introducing the narratives into scientific circulation. Materials. The article describes two Oirat manuscripts bound in the form of a notebook and contained in different bundles/collections of Buddhist religious texts stored at Ketchenery Museum of Local History and Lore. As is known, the collection is largely compiled from texts that belonged to the famous Kalmyk Buddhist monk Namka (N. D. Kichikov). Results. The analysis of the two Oirat texts with identical titles — Precepts of the Omniscient [Manjushri] — shows that their contents coincide generally but both the texts contain fragmented omissions (separate words, one or several sentences) that are present in the other. At the same time, when omitting fragments of the text addressed to the monastic community, the scribe was obviously guided by that those would be superfluous for the laity. Thus, our comparative analysis of the two manuscript copies demonstrates the sometimes dramatic role of the scribe in transmitting Buddhist teachings.

The school in Gramsci and Freinet: proximities and distances to rethink educational policies

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Francisco Martins ◽  
Ivan Fortunato
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Policies ◽  
School Structure ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Antonio Gramsci

This paper presents a comparative analysis between the school perspectives of two European authors from the first half of the 20th century: Antonio Gramsci (1881–1937) and Célestin Freinet (1896–1966). Through bibliographical research, comparisons are made between them, taking as reference the theoretical and methodological foundations of each one and what is most fundamental when one is dealing with school: concepts of the human being, principles, purposes, content, method, and school structure. In the final notes, guidelines for educational policies inspired by both authors are presented. The conclusion is that if it is indeed possible to establish proximity between them, since they shared the same conception of the Marxist world, it also possible to view the distance between their methods, such as the role of the teacher in the school, and its syllabus, such as value of the classics.

scholarly journals The feminine image of Russia in the religious and philosophical writings by Russian thinkers at the turn of the 20th century

2021 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 01041
Author(s):  
Arcady G. Sadovnikov ◽  
Alina E. Korzheva ◽  
Farrukh Begidjon Khudoidodzoda
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Silver Age ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
The Feminine ◽  
Philosophical Writings ◽  
The Universe

The article looks at the versions of the feminine image of Russia in the religious and philosophical reflections of the Russian thinkers who worked during the Silver Age (the period of Russian culture covering approximately 1890–1917): Vladimir Solovyov, Nikolai Berdyaev, and Sergei Bulgakov. Special attention is paid to the balance between the male and female principles, which are endowed with certain characteristics in different works by Russian thinkers, not only from the perspective of human nature but also in terms of the nature of Russian culture and mentality, as well as the cosmic nature of the universe. Analysis of the religious and philosophical pursuit of the Silver Age relating to the feminine image of Russia allows the authors to specify the ideas of the characteristics of femininity engrained in the Russian culture and clarify the role of this pursuit in the development of the reflexive Russian thought directed towards becoming aware of these characteristics. The belief about the salvatory mission carried out by the feminine aspect of the human and cosmic nature distinctively identified in the religious and philosophical writings by the Russian thinkers belonging to the Siver Age requires further study. The research has been conducted within the framework of the symbolic direction of cultural studies with the help of comparative analysis, the method of theoretical reconstruction, and problematic-logical, functional, and systemic approaches. These methods allowed the authors to specify the problematic field of the research and define the main concepts to examine the statements about the feminine aspect of Russian culture by different authors as a unified system of forms aimed at the comprehension of the value and symbolic foundation of the national ethnic culture.

scholarly journals Kyiv Association of Artists in the context of consolidation of the artistic forces of Kyiv in turn of the 19-20th cc.

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-83
Author(s):  
Igor Ponamarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Public ◽  
Soviet Occupation ◽  
Similar Materials ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Key Aspects

The article is based on the statutory materials and catalogs of the exhibitions of artistic works which were held in Kyiv in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It reveals the basic principles of activity of the Kyiv artistic associations. The author focuses his attention on the main trends in the development of the exhibition activities in Kyiv during the specified period. In this article we can see the preconditions of the unifying processes in the local artistic environment, the role of the Peredvizhniki (“The Wanderers”) as well as exhibition events of the Kyiv Drawing School M. Muraskho in the public presentation of works of art by Kyiv’s artists. The author reconsiders the peculiarities of exhibition activity in Kyiv from the seldom events of the late 1870's to the exhibitions systematically led in the early 20th century. The statutes of Kyiv artistic intelligentsia associations from the 1890s-1900s ("Bakhtins", the Association of Artists of Kyiv, the Kyiv Union of Artists), the frequency and membership of their exhibitions were revealed. The author highlights the role of O. Murashko in the consolidation of artistic milieu of Kyiv, his initiative in the emergence of the Kyiv Association of Artists (KAA). Also the author carries out a comparative analysis of the Statute of the KAA and similar materials of the associations of Kyiv artists from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. The author shows the key aspects of the art and exhibition activity of KAA during 1916-1918 and determines the role of the KAA in the cultural and artistic life of Kyiv with the advent of Soviet occupation (1917-1918) as well as the participation of KAA members in the establishment of the Council of United organizations, the Professional Union of Artists, the All-Ukrainian Congress of Artistic Organizations, the First Congress of People Ukrainian plastic art.

The Role of the Zakat System during the Colonial-period in Malaysia and Uzbekistan: A Comparative Analysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 04 ◽  
pp. 40-54
Author(s):  
Avazbek Ganiyev Oybekovich ◽  
◽  
Hassan Shakeel Shah ◽  
Mohammad Ayaz ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Colonial Period

The Great Reform and the Fate of Capitalism in Russia (On the 150th Anniversary of the Emancipation Reform)

2011 ◽  
pp. 119-136
Author(s):  
M. Voeikov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
150Th Anniversary ◽  
In The Beginning

The paper deals with the problem of the establishment of capitalism in Russia in the late 19 - early 20th centuries. Using a wide array of historical research and documents the author argues that the thesis on the advanced state of capitalism in Russia in the beginning of the 20th century does not stand up to historical scrutiny, and the role of the famous Emancipation reform of 1861 appears to be of limited importance.

The role of graining in ensuring food security

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
R. M. Gambarova
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Grain Farms

Relevance. Grain is the key to strategic products to ensure food security. From this point of view, the creation of large grain farms is a matter for the country's selfsufficiency and it leading to a decrease in financial expense for import. Creation of such farms creates an abundance of productivity from the area and leads to obtaining increased reproductive seeds. The main policy of the government is to minimize dependency from import, create abundance of food and create favorable conditions for export potential.The purpose of the study: the development of grain production in order to ensure food security of the country and strengthen government support for this industry.Methods: comparative analysis, systems approach.Results. As shown in the research, if we pay attention to the activities of private entrepreneurship in the country, we can see result of the implementation of agrarian reforms after which various types of farms have been created in republic.The role of privateentrepreneurshipinthedevelopmentofproduction is great. Тhe article outlines the sowing area, production, productivity, import, export of grain and the level of selfsufficiency in this country from 2015 till 2017.

‘Wheels have been set in motion’: Geocentrism and Relativity in Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliane Campos
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Film Adaptation ◽  
Frames Of Reference ◽  
Quantum Uncertainty ◽  
Galilean Relativity ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
20Th Century Physics ◽  
Time Specific ◽  
Do So

By decentring our reading of Hamlet, Stoppard’s tragicomedy questions the legitimacy of centres and of stable frames of reference. So Liliane Campos examines how Stoppard plays with the physical and cosmological models he finds in Hamlet, particularly those of the wheel and the compass, and gives a new scientific depth to the fear that time is ‘out of joint’. In both his play and his own film adaptation, Stoppard’s rewriting gives a 20th-century twist to these metaphors, through references to relativity, indeterminacy, and the role of the observer. When they refer to the uncontrollable wheels of their fate, his characters no longer describe the destruction of order, but uncertainty about which order is at work, whether heliocentric or geocentric, random or tragic. When they express their loss of bearings, they do so through the thought experiments of modern physics, from Galilean relativity to quantum uncertainty, drawing our attention to shifting frames of reference. Much like Schrödinger’s cat, Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are both dead and alive. As we observe their predicament, Campos argues, we are placed in the paradoxical position of the observer in 20th-century physics, and constantly reminded that our time-specific relation to the canon inevitably determines our interpretation.

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