scholarly journals The Portrait of the King in the Purananuru

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
Nazir Ali
Keyword(s):  
Power Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Classical Age

There is no disputing the fact that the Purananuru firmly places the king or the chieftain as the central and dominant figure of the classical age. Almost every poem is a paean to his nobility, bravery or generosity. Whether it is fighting a battle or rewarding an indigent poet or defending his capital from an aggressor, the king occupies the centre stage. The rise and fall of his state is in direct proportion to his own rise and fall thereby binding his fortunes with the wellbeing of the society he rules. He is expected to be righteous and just not only for his own sake but for the sake of the kingdom. There is so much riding on the king that a false step will not only ruin him personally but also plunge the whole nation into chaos. It is this synonymy between the king and the state that the Purananuru captures and constructs and by doing so, it constructs the whole of the society and its power structure.

scholarly journals Trade and Urbanisation in Early Medieval Southern Karnataka: As Reflected in the Western Ganga Inscriptions

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-149
Author(s):  
Yogender Dayma
Keyword(s):  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Revenue Collection ◽  
The Creation

The present study is an attempt to reconstruct the condition of trade and urbanisation under the Western Gangas (c. fourth to early eleventh century ce), the founders of the first indigenous state in southern Karnataka. Primarily based on the inscriptions issued by them, the study tries to trace the processes leading to the emergence of urban centre under the Western Gangas. It is argued that the Western Ganga rule did not coincide with any phase of decline in trade and commerce, as argued by the proponents of Indian Feudalism model. The state under the Western Gangas contributed to the process of urbanisation in a number of ways. The state restructured the economy of the territories under its control by promoting agrarian expansion, creating new networks of revenue collection and its redistribution. The demand for the goods and services created by the state and its agents, particularly religious establishments, necessitated their movement at intra-regional and inter-regional levels, and thus resulted in the expansion of the already existing centres of exchange as well as the creation of new ones. In other words, the process of urbanisation in the region may be attributed to the processes related to agrarian growth and the emergence of a complex indigenous power structure. The argument has been substantiated with the help of the study of urban centres, namely Perura, Kovalalapura, Manyapura, and Talavanapura.

Ending Atrocity Crimes: The False Promise of Fatalism

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex J. Bellamy
Keyword(s):  
Military Intervention ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
International Community ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The State ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
The Status ◽  
Atrocity Crimes

AbstractHow should the international community respond when states commit atrocity crimes against sections of their own population? In practice, international responses are rarely timely or decisive. To make matters worse, half-hearted or self-interested interventions can prolong crises and contribute to the growing toll of casualties. Recognizing these brutal realities, it is tempting to adopt the fatalist view that the best that can be done is to minimize harm by letting the state win, allowing the status quo power structure to persist. Indeed, this is how many commentators and states have responded to the tide of human misery in Syria. Could a policy of letting the state perpetrator prevail be a viable alternative to other options, including military intervention? This essay suggests not. It explains the logic behind the fatalist approach and shows that problems of recurrence, precedence, and rights mean that such an approach cannot offer a plausible alternative to measures designed to resist and increase the costs of committing atrocity crimes.

scholarly journals Mencitrakan Sang Kandidat: Si “Tukang Foto” Iklan Politik

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Dewi Sartika Bukit
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
The State ◽  
Direct Proportion ◽  
Political Advertisements ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Political Ads ◽  
State Bureaucracy ◽  
Commercial Photography

Abstrak Perkembangan fotografi komersial di Indonesia akhir-akhir ini telah memasuki ranah politik, terutama sejak diberlakukannya sistem demokrasi langsung. Masyarakat menentukan pilihan mereka melalui pendekatan para kandidat dan calon, baik berupa kampanye maupun melalui iklan-iklan politik yang hadir di media massa, maupun berupa cetak billboard dan selebaran. Dalam iklan-iklan politik, terutama ikan luar ruang, kandidat yang dianalogikan sebagai produk, dipotret dan dikemas dalam sebuah desain iklan yang membawa pesan-pesan penting berupa pencitaan dan direduksi dalam sebuah gambar. Dengan demikian, fungsi fotografer iklan baik secara teknis maupun ide memberi pengaruh yang besar terhadap pencitraan kandidat, yang secara tidak langsung berpengaruh terhadap jalannya negara selanjutnya setelah kandidat tersebut melaju ke urusan birokrasi negara. Di samping itu, permasalahan ekonomi yang berbanding lurus dengan pencitraan kandidat dalam iklan-iklan politik, ternyata menyimpan kemelut yang kompleks. AbstractImaging the Candidate : the “Photographer” of Politic Ads. Lately, the development of commercial photography in Indonesia has entered the realm of politics, especially since the system of direct democracy has been enacted. Communities determine their choice through the candidates and prospective nominees, either through campaigns or political advertisements presented in mass media, as well as on billboards and flyers printed form. In political ads, especially the outdoor ads, the candidate analogized as product, were photographed and packaged in advertisement design carrying important messages in the form of imagery and reduced in an image. Thus, the function of advertising photographers, both technically and in ideas, giving major influences on imaging the candidate, which indirectly affect the course of the country once the candidate proceeds to the affairs of the state bureaucracy. In addition, the economic problems which unfortunately are in direct proportion to the imaging candidate in the politics ads, turn out keeping a complex crisis.

Power and Violence

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Philipp Reemtsma
Keyword(s):  
Social Trust ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
The State ◽  
State Monopoly

This chapter paints a picture of modernity as a fragmented and legally regulated power structure underwritten by a state monopoly on violence. This power structure allows functional differentiation to thrive and determines modernity's practices of social trust. It also defines the risks: institutions licensed to use violence that cannot themselves be controlled by violence; the deregulation of the entire power structure should those institutions turn against the state; the subversion of the power structure when too much of the population participates in violence. These risks can be described as crises of trust, and crises of trust are always crises of trust about the trust of others.

scholarly journals The Discipline of Happiness: The Foucauldian Use of the “Positive Energy” Discourse in China’s Ideological Works

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-225
Author(s):  
Zifeng Chen ◽  
Clyde Yicheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Discourse Analysis ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Online Ethnography ◽  
Private Lives ◽  
Public Expression ◽  
And Control

One important question about ideological works in China concerns the tension between mobilisation (encouraging public expression) and control (limiting public expression). Recently Xi Jinping’s administration has doubled down on both strategies. To study the rationale of this seemingly self-contradictory move, the authors examine the recently prominent ideological discourse of “positive energy.” Through a combination of online ethnography and discourse analysis using Foucauldian methods, we find that the discourse borrows and evolves from previous ideological works, but most importantly and distinguishably features a more dispersive, rather than centralised power structure. It penetrates popular culture and private lives, and by doing so disciplines people’s subjectivities, rather than only aiming at top-down persuasion or control. The logic of “positive energy” produces self-disciplined docile subjects, and quietly resolves the tension between mobilisation and control by having subjects internalise the interests of the state as their own good.

scholarly journals Biopolítica sob a ótica de Foucault e Agamben: o campo como nómos do moderno | Biopolitics from the perspective of Foucault and Agamben: the field as modern nómos

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 338-358
Author(s):  
Igor Corrêa de Barros
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
State Of Exception ◽  
Giorgio Agamben ◽  
Historical Fact ◽  
The Relationship

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar a relação entre biopolítica e nazismo à luz da obra de Michel Foucault e Giorgio Agamben. Para Foucault, o nazismo utilizou-se do racismo de Estado para proteger uma raça e legitimar a morte daqueles que representavam uma espécie de perigo biológico. Seguindo a mesma via, Agamben nos convida a refletir sobre os campos de concentração não como um fato histórico superado, mas como uma estrutura de poder que vem sendo cada vez mais utilizada nas democracias contemporâneas, marcada pela vigência do estado de exceção e produção da vida nua.Palavras-chave: Foucault.Agamben.Biopolítica. Campo. AbstractThis article aims to present the relationship between biopolitics and Nazism in the light of the work of Michel Foucault and Giorgio Agamben. According to Foucault, Nazism used state racism to protect a race and legitimize the death of those who represented a kind of biological danger. Following the same path, Agamben invites us to reflect on the concentration camps not as an outdated historical fact, but as a power structure which has been increasingly used in contemporary democracies, marked by the validity of the state of exception and production of bare life.Keywords: Foucault. Agamben. Biopolitics. Field. ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1386-955X

scholarly journals A Proposal to Reform the State Power Structure

2017 ◽  
Vol null (64) ◽  
pp. 53-104
Author(s):  
Jong-Seo Kim
Keyword(s):  
State Power ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
The State

scholarly journals A secularidade organizacional pública e o campo religioso português reorientações e poderes entre Estado e religião (2001-2012)

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-96
Author(s):  
Luís Pais Bernardo
Keyword(s):  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Power Structure ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
The Relationship

Between 2001 and 2009, the Portuguese religious field faced a sequenced reconfiguration which put its power structure in perspective. Two decades after the institutionalization of the Committee on Religious Freedom, the redefinition of the relationship between the secular and the religious summoned a debate on the relationship between the State, religious traditions and organizational secularities. In this article, the case of healthcare, namely the governance of religion in hospitals, interrogates the religious field from the standpoint of a public-biomedical secularity regime

The State of Rubber in Solutions. Part II. The Effect of the Temperature on the Viscosity of Solutions of Various Concentrations

1933 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 436-441
Author(s):  
B. Dogadkin ◽  
M. Lawrenenko
Keyword(s):  
Relative Viscosity ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
The State ◽  
Direct Proportion

Abstract 1. The relative viscosity of a rubber solution, the concentration of which does not exceed 0.3 per cent, does not change with change in temperature. 2. The viscosity of rubber solutions at concentrations from 0.3 to 10 per cent diminishes in direct proportion to an increase in the temperature. 3. Based on the results mentioned above and on the measurements of Abernethy the state of rubber in solutions is characterized by the fact that at concentrations up to 0.3 per cent the solutions are molecular. At concentrations from 0.3 to 10 per cent the solutions contain micelles. In solutions of still higher concentrations the rubber forms a continuous phase of the system.

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