Historical lessons of potato cooperation

2019 ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Vladimir Osipov
Keyword(s):  
Positive Result ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stage Of Development

The article suggests a discussion about finding solutions to the uneven market power of potato producers and processors. The high bargaining power of individuals who are not directly related to the production of potatoes has a direct impact on the income level of those who create the product. The obvious injustice of such a situation is not the know-how of the modern stage of development of capitalist relations in Russia, but a well-forgotten old, unresolved question from the past. Such a situation, when the producer of the product was in a deliberately subordinate position in relation to the buyer, wholesale processor, breeder, is completely new. And the decision that previously gave a positive result cannot be called new, it is industrial cooperation. There are institutional conditions for its implementation; it seems that economic conditions have ripened to strengthen agricultural producers.

scholarly journals Potato Cooperation: Lessons of the History for Modern Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 03003
Author(s):  
Vladimir Osipov ◽  
Vadim Evseev ◽  
Tatiana Skryl
Keyword(s):  
Market Power ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Institutional Analysis ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Modern Development ◽  
Reproduction Process

The article offers a discussion about finding solutions to uneven market power of potato producers and its processors. The high market power of persons not directly related to potato production has a direct impact on the income level of those who produce the product. The obvious injustice of this situation is not the know-how of the current stage of development of economic relations in Russia, but a well-forgotten old, unresolved issue from the past. This situation, when the manufacturer of the product found himself in a deliberately subordinate position with respect to the buyer, wholesale processor, breeder, is completely new. And the solution that previously yielded a positive result cannot be called new - this is production cooperation. There are institutional conditions for its implementation, and it seems that economic conditions have matured to strengthen agricultural producers. The aim of the paper is to compare the market power of the before Revolution situation in agriculture and post-Soviet situation of modern agroeconomic development. Results. The compare of the market power shows that in the market economy there is almost unaltered structure of the food market and unbalanced power distribution with tilt for the seller but not producer. Methods. There were methods of institutional analysis, historical, normative, comparative and some others used in frame of research. Results. Market power of sellers in the past and modern time plays negative role on reproduction process. As it is shown on potato production, only cooperatives can solve the problem of unbalanced market power distribution and will make producers more competitive in reproduction process. The methodology of institutional analysis and specially historical institutionalism help us to understand the market power distribution mechanism in reproduction process. It makes our research useful for agrarian policy makers on all levels of power.

scholarly journals Instituciones, coaliciones callejeras e inestabilidad política: perspectivas teóricas sobre las crisis presidenciales

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aníbal Pérez-Liñán
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Crises ◽  
America Latina ◽  
Emerging Pattern

RESUMEN: En las últimas dos décadas, trece presidentes electos han sido removidos del cargo en América Latina. ¿Cómo debemos conceptualizar este nuevo patrón de inestabilidad política y cómo explicarlo? En la primera sección de este artículo se identifican una serie de categorías (renuncia anticipada, juicio político y golpe legislativo) que permiten delimitar con mayor claridad al fenómeno de interés. En la segunda sección se presentan dos perspectivas analíticas para entender el origen de estas crisis (una institucional y otra basada en los movimientos sociales) y se explora el papel de otras causas remotas, como los factores económicos. La sección tercera presenta varios problemas en la identificación de las causas de las crisis y presenta un modelo empírico que sugiere que la protesta popular y las condiciones institucionales interactúan para definir el resultado del proceso político. En las conclusiones se exploran las consecuencias de estas crisis para la democracia y el presidencialismo.ABSTRACT: In the past two decades, thirteen elected presidents have been ousted in Latin America. How should we conceptualize this emerging pattern of political instability and how can we explain it? The first section of the paper identifies some categories (early resignation, impeachment, and legislative coup) that help us delimit the phenomenon of interest. The second section reviews two analytical perspectives that seek to explain the origins of recent crises (one emphasizing institutions and the other one based on social movements) and discusses the relevance  of more remote explanations such as economic conditions. The third section introduces some of the problems confronted by those trying to identify causes of political crises and presents an empirical model suggesting that popular protest and institutional conditions interact to determine the outcome of political processes. The conclusions explore the consequences of recent crises for democracy and presidentialism in the region.

History, Story, and Community: Representing the Past in Latin Christendom, 1050–1400

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles F. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Fourteenth Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Historical Writing ◽  
The Past ◽  
Accelerated Growth

This chapter looks at Latin Christendom's evolution of historical writing, which had issued forth from a few, mostly monastic, centers, and eventually swelled into a substantial river fed by many and diverse tributaries. This expansionary trend in historiography was itself but one small manifestation of a protracted phase of accelerated growth in Europe, beginning in roughly the year 1000 and continuing until the early decades of the fourteenth century. The politically atomized, sparsely populated, and economically nonintegrated society that survived the inner turmoil attending the breakup of the Frankish Empire and the incursions of peoples from North Africa, the Eurasian Steppes, and Scandinavia during the ninth through early eleventh centuries, demonstrated a renewed vitality — spurred in part by the new political and economic conditions, as well as a period of improved climate.

scholarly journals The Trade and Environment Debate: Relevant for Southern Agriculture?

1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary A. Marchant ◽  
Nicole Ballenger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Trade And Environment ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
International Debate ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Environment Policy ◽  
Know How ◽  
Trade Measures

AbstractThis paper introduces and briefly discusses the economics of two important trade and environment policy issues--international harmonization of environmental standards and the use of trade measures for environmental purposes. Both issues are likely to generate lively international debate among environmentalists, industry representatives, and trade negotiators over the next few years. As the international community seeks new multilateral rules in these areas, agricultural producers will want to know how they will be affected. Thus, this paper also examines the potential impacts of environmental policy on the competitiveness of commodities unique to the Southern region of the United States.

scholarly journals Portrait of the artist as a philosopher

2021 ◽  
pp. 105971232199468
Author(s):  
Jeannette Pols
Keyword(s):  
Know How ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aesthetic Practice ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
The Relationship

The response asks about the relationship between artist and audience in the RAAAF artworks. Is the artist an Autonomous Innovator who breaches the ties with the past and the environment? Or is the aesthetic practice located in the creation of relationships around these objects, hence expanding the artwork by using know-how, experiences and enthusiasm of the audience/users?

scholarly journals Does Neonatal Imitation Exist? Insights From a Meta-Analysis of 336 Effect Sizes

2021 ◽  
pp. 174569162095983
Author(s):  
Jacqueline Davis ◽  
Jonathan Redshaw ◽  
Thomas Suddendorf ◽  
Mark Nielsen ◽  
Siobhan Kennedy-Costantini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Positive Result ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Significant Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Substantial Heterogeneity

Neonatal imitation is a cornerstone in many theoretical accounts of human development and social behavior, yet its existence has been debated for the past 40 years. To examine possible explanations for the inconsistent findings in this body of research, we conducted a multilevel meta-analysis synthesizing 336 effect sizes from 33 independent samples of human newborns, reported in 26 articles. The meta-analysis found significant evidence for neonatal imitation ( d = 0.68, 95% CI = [0.39, 0.96], p < .001) but substantial heterogeneity between study estimates. This heterogeneity was not explained by any of 13 methodological moderators identified by previous reviews, but it was associated with researcher affiliation, test of moderators ( QM) (15) = 57.09, p < .001. There are at least two possible explanations for these results: (a) Neonatal imitation exists and its detection varies as a function of uncaptured methodological factors common to a limited set of studies, and (2) neonatal imitation does not exist and the overall positive result is an artifact of high researcher degrees of freedom.

Quantifying the threat to archaeological sites from the erosion of cultivated soil

Antiquity ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (309) ◽  
pp. 658-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Wilkinson ◽  
Andrew Tyler ◽  
Donald Davidson ◽  
Ian Grieve
Keyword(s):  
World Wide ◽  
Site Formation ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Site Formation Processes ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nuclear Weapons Testing ◽  
Resource Managers ◽  
Soil Movements

Ploughing is probably the greatest agent of attrition to archaeological sites world-wide. In every country, every year, a bit more is shaved off buried strata and a bit more of the past becomes unreadable. On the other hand, people must eat and crops must be planted. How can the fields be best managed to get the best of both worlds? Perhaps the most pressing need for resource managers is to know how quickly a particular field is eroding: negotiation and protection is then possible. Up to now that has been difficult to measure.The new procedure presented here, which draws on the unexpected benefits of nuclear weapons testing, shows how variation in the concentration of the radioisotope 137Cs can be used to monitor soil movements over the last 40 years. The measurements allow a site's ‘life expectancy’ to be calculated, and there are some promising dividends for tracking site formation processes.

Economic Origins of Electoral Support for Authoritarian Successors

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byong-Kuen Jhee
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Economic Voting ◽  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
New Democracies ◽  
Democratic Transitions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Knee Jerk ◽  
The Past ◽  
Electoral Support

This study explores how economic performance prior to democratic transitions affects the fate of successors to authoritarian rulers in new democracies. It investigates 70 founding election outcomes, finding that successful economic performance under an authoritarian regime increases the vote share of successors. It also finds that the past economic performance of authoritarian rulers decreases the likelihood of government alternation to democratic oppositions. Interim governments that initiate democratic transition, however, are neither blamed nor rewarded for economic conditions during transition periods. This study concludes that electorates are not myopic and that economic voting is not a knee-jerk reaction to short-term economic performance in new democracies.

On Getting to the Future First

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne B. Ciulla
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Present Problem ◽  
American Business ◽  
Management Research ◽  
Job Tenure ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Past ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Ethics Research ◽  
Management Thinking

Abstract:This paper will discuss the uncertainty of job tenure, inequality of wages in American business, and the challenges for a creating a new social and moral compact between employer and employee. I begin by arguing that business ethics scholars missed some of the disturbing trends in management thinking because they often focused on current problems in business rather than questioning some of the basic assumptions about the way businesses are managed. As Rochefoucauld observed (albeit in a different context) we were overtaken by the evils of the present and I would argue, this was because we didn’t pay attention to the past. Business ethics research, like management research, is often ahistorical and hence tells only part of the story. If we don’t know how we got to a certain problem, it’s really difficult to see where the present problem and our solutions to it might lead us.

Measuring Value Change in Western Industrialized Societies: The Impact of Unemployment

1991 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 905-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold D. Clarke ◽  
Nitish Dutt
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Aggregate Level ◽  
Value Change ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Value Priorities ◽  
Time Series Analyses ◽  
The Impact

During the past two decades a four-item battery administered in biannual Euro-Barometer surveys has been used to measure changing value priorities in Western European countries. We provide evidence that the measure is seriously flawed. Pooled cross-sectional time series analyses for the 1976–86 period reveal that the Euro-Barometer postmaterialist-materialist value index and two of its components are very sensitive to short-term changes in economic conditions, and that the failure to include a statement about unemployment in the four-item values battery accounts for much of the apparent growth of postmaterialist values in several countries after 1980. The aggregate-level findings are buttressed by analyses of panel data from three countries.

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