PROSES KARBURASI PADA BAJA KARBON RENDAH DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN KARBON ARANG KAYU BELIAN DAN ARANG KAYU AKASIA

Low carbon steel has extensive use in the construction field and is grouped into steel which can be processed with machinery (machinery steel). The prominent weakness of this material is the type of failure that often occurs in low carbon steel materials is wear, deformation, chopping, and breaking. The purpose of conducting this research is to find out the process of carburizing on (wood charcoal and acacia wood charcoal) on low carbon steel.This solid carburizing process uses a temperature of 900OC, with a hold time of 30 minutes. The material used is a mixture of wood charcoal with calcium carbonate and acacia wood charcoal with calcium carbonate. Tests carried out were rockwell hardness tests.The test results showed that the hardness of carbon steel which experienced carburizing treatment with acacia wood charcoal = 51.65 HRB. Hardness found in low carbon steel without treatment = 50.3 HRB. Hardness of wood charcoal = 50.6 HRB. Judging from the results above, the low carbon steel without treatment is smaller than carbon steel which is heat treated and carburized.

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Effect of Soaking Time on Paste Carburizing of Carburized Low Carbon Steel

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.740.93 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 740 ◽

pp. 93-99

Author(s):

Muhammad Hafizuddin Jumadin ◽

Bulan Abdullah ◽

Muhammad Hussain Ismail ◽

Siti Khadijah Alias ◽

Samsiah Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Carbon Content ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Case Depth ◽

Carbon Steels ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Soaking Time ◽

Low Carbon Steels ◽

Carburized Steel ◽

Carburizing Process

Increase of soaking time contributed to the effectiveness of case depth formation, hardness properties and carbon content of carburized steel. This paper investigates the effect of different soaking time (7-9 hours) using powder and paste compound to the carburized steel. Low carbon steels were carburized using powder and paste compound for 7, 8 and 9 hours at temperature 1000°C. The transformation of microstructure and formation carbon rich layer was observed under microscope. The microhardness profiles were analyzed to investigate the length of case depth produced after the carburizing process. The increment of carbon content was considered to find the correlation between types of carburizing compound with time. Results shows that the longer carburized steel was soaked, the higher potential in formation of carbon rich layer, case depth and carbon content, which led to better hardness properties for carburized low carbon steel. Longer soaking time, 9 hours has a higher dispersion of carbon up to 41%-51% compare to 8 hours and 7 hours. By using paste carburizing, it has more potential of carbon atom to merge the microstructure to transform into cementite (1.53 wt% C) compare to powder (0.97 wt% C), which increases the hardness of carburized steel (13% higher).

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Hardness Distribution and Effective Case Depth of Low Carbon Steel after Pack Carburizing Process under Different Carburizer

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.776.201 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 776 ◽

pp. 201-207 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dewa Ngakan Ketut Putra Negara ◽

I. Dewa Made Krisnha Muku ◽

I. Ketut Gede Sugita ◽

I. Made Astika ◽

I. Wayan Mustika ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Case Depth ◽

Bamboo Charcoal ◽

Hardness Distribution ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Bone Charcoal ◽

Carburizing Process ◽

Effective Case Depth ◽

Effective Case

This research is concerned with the effect of different carburizers on hardness distribution, effective case depth and microstructure of low carbon steel after pack carburizing process. Carburizers to be used were combination of energizer (BaCO3), goat bone charcoal and bamboo charcoal with five different compositions. The specimens were heated to temperature of 950°C, soaked at the temperature for 4 hours and quenched in the water. After the process, microstructures of specimen were observed, the hardness was measured using Vikers method and effective case depths were calculated. The results obtained showed that for all types of carburizer used, the hardness were scattered from surface to the core with lower hardness level. Carburizer composition of 20% BaCO3 + 80% goat bone charcoal produced the highest hardness ( 789.273 HV1) at 0.2 mm from the surface, however, it yielded the lowest effective case depth (0.52 mm). The highest effective case depth of 1 mm was obtained using carburizer composition of 20% BaCO3 + 60% goat bone charcoal + 20% bamboo charcoal. Meanwhile, the original structures of raw material which consist of ferrite and pearlite transformed to hard martensite constituent in the surface after pack carburizing.

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Influence of the electromagnetic field on the corrosion of low-carbon steel in aqueous mineralized media and on the crystallization of calcium carbonate in the presence of iron(II) ions

Proceedings of OilGasScientificResearchProjects Institute SOCAR ◽

10.5510/ogp2021si100515 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 116-124

Author(s):

S.R. Alimbekov ◽

◽

F.G. Ishmuratov ◽

V.V. Nosov ◽

A.I. Voloshin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Aqueous Solution ◽

Electromagnetic Field ◽

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Corrosion Rate ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Iron Ions ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Near Surface ◽

Salt Deposition

The influence of the electromagnetic field (EMF) on the corrosion of structural carbon steel in a 3% aqueous solution of sodium chloride in the presence of CO2 was studied. It is shown that the EMF increases the corrosion rate of steel by 1.13 times in a 3% aqueous solution of NaCl in the presence of CO2. When Ca2+ ions are added to the solution, the corrosion rate of steel decreases under the influence of an electromagnetic field. It is assumed that the formation of CaCO3 in the near-surface layer of the solution and its adsorption on the metal surface prevents the development of corrosion. The influence of the electromagnetic field generated in the frequency range from 100 to 200 kHz on the crystallization of CaCO3 from supersaturated aqueous solutions on the model system CaCl2 – NaHCO3 – FeSO4 is studied. It was found that Fe2+, rather than EMF, has a more significant effect on salt deposition. The efficiency of the effect of Fe2+ on the inhibition of salt deposition in the model of mineralized water CaCl2-NaHCO3 is 11.5% higher than when exposed to EMF. During the crystallization of CaCO3, the predominant formation of aragonite is observed. In the presence of iron ions and under the influence of EMF, there was a decrease in the formation of aragonite and an increase in the formation of calcite and vaterite. Keywords: electromagnetic field; corrosion; carbon steel; iron ions; scale deposition; crystallization; calcium carbonate.

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Pengaruh Media Arang Kayu Bakau Mangrove Dan Arang Kayu Asam Pada Proses Perlakuan Carburizing Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Baja Karbon ST-37

JURNAL FLYWHEEL ◽

10.36040/flywheel.v12i2.4280 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 30-37

Author(s):

Rico Arifandi ◽

Gerald Adityo Pohan

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Heating Temperature ◽

Surface Hardness ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Martensite Phase ◽

Wood Charcoal ◽

Holding Time ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Solid Media ◽

The Impact

In the military field, tank is armored fighting vehicles that move using chain-shaped wheels. The tread of the tank chain is a component to tread and move so that it requires tougher properties on the surface and has ductile and tough properties on the inside and is more resistant to wear on the surface. The development of tank chain production materials is necessary for the independence of national defense and security as well as reducing dependence on imports. Imported tank chain hardness value 28 HRC or 286 HV. In this research, the objective of this research is to increase the surface hardness of the steel by carburizing the initial material, especially the low carbon steel ST-37. The carburizing treatment process is a method of adding carbon content in steel using solid media. The carbon media used were mangrove charcoal and tamarind wood charcoal using calcium carbonate (CaCO3) catalyst at a constant heating temperature of 900ºC, variations in holding time of 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 90 minutes, cooled rapidly with water media. Then performed an analysis of the effect of the type of wood charcoal on the mechanical properties of carbon steel ST-37. The results obtained will be applied to the tank chain tread production process. The results of the micro structure of martensite and the highest hardness value were found in the holding time of 60 minutes of mangrove charcoal media with the microstructure results of 63.8% martensite, 36.2% bainite and a hardness value of 453.1 HV. The highest toughness value is found in the holding time of 60 minutes of tamarind wood charcoal media with an impact price (HI) of 0.4345 J/mm2. The difference between the impact test results of tamarind charcoal media with mangroves is not too significant. The higher the martensite phase, the higher the hardness value. However, there is also a bainite phase which can increase the toughness of the steel which will be used as a tread chain production material.

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Process Parameter Optimization in EDM using Heat Treated Al Tool and without Heat Treated Al Tool

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.e2738.039520 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 862-866

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Wear Rate ◽

Tool Wear ◽

Process Parameters ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Tool Wear Rate ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Main Factors ◽

Pulse On Time

In this experimental work , we investigated optimization of process parameters in EDM using Taguchi method by taking Low carbon steel as work piece. Process parameters chosen were Pulse on-time (Ton), Flushing pressure(P) and Pulse Current(IP) . Here we have chosen L9 orthogonal array to study the effect of main factors and interaction between factors on the response variable i.e. Surface Roughness (SR), Material removal Rate (MRR) and Tool Wear Rate (TWR). The contribution of the main factors and interaction were determine here. The MR), TWR and surface integrity are some of the important performance attributes of EDM process. The objective of EDM is to get high MRR along with achieving reasonably good surface quality of machined component with reduced tool wear rate for Low carbon steel material.

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STRUCTURE-PROPERTIES RELATIONSHIPS IN HEAT TREATED LOW CARBON STEEL

Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences ◽

10.30772/qjes.v10i4.496 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Structure Properties

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The Effect of CaCO3 as Energizer on Pack Carburizing Process of Low Carbon Steel

MESIN ◽

10.25105/ms.v11i2.7453 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

Author(s):

M. Zamzam Noor ◽

Anistasia Milandia ◽

Alfirano Alfirano

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Carburizing Process

Salah satu alat yang biasanya digunakan dalam industri kelapa sawit adalah Dodos. Di Indonesia, dodos dibuat dari baja karbon sedang, tetapi baja karbon sedang harus diimpor dari luar negeri sehingga baja karbon rendah dapat digunakan sebagai bahan alternatif untuk membuat dodos karena ketersediaannya yang melimpah di Indonesia. Kekerasan baja karbon rendah perlu ditingkatkan dengan metode pack carburizing sebelum diaplikasikan sebagai dodos karena baja karbon rendah memiliki kekerasan yang rendah. Pack carburizing adalah proses peningkatan konsentrasi karbon pada permukaan dengan menyebar karbon dari atmosfer ke permukaan baja sehingga nilai kekerasan permukaan baja meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan komposisi CaCO<sub>3</sub> yang optimal sebagai energizer, suhu dan waktu penahanan dalam proses karburisasi pada kekerasan permukaan dan struktur mikro baja. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memanaskan baja karbon rendah pada suhu 850 hingga 950°C, variasi waktu penahanan 1 hingga 5 jam dan variasi energizer adalah 20% dan 80%. Uji kekerasan menunjukkan bahwa energizer dapat meningkatkan nilai kekerasan. Semakin tinggi suhu dan waktu penahanan yang digunakan dalam proses karburisasi akan meningkatkan nilai kekerasan. Variasi energizer yang paling optimal adalah 20%, waktu penahanan yang paling optimal adalah 5 jam dan dengan suhu pemanasan 950°C memberikan nilai kekerasan 395,6 VHN 4.

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Effects of Carburization with Palm Kernel Shell/Coconut Shell Mixture on the Tensile Properties and Case Hardness of Low Carbon Steel

FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology ◽

10.46792/fuoyejet.v2i1.83 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Reginald Umunakwe ◽

Obinna C Okoye ◽

Chioma I Madueke ◽

Daniel O Komolafe

Keyword(s):

Heat Treatment ◽

Particle Size ◽

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Palm Kernel ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Palm Kernel Shell

The effect of using mixtures of palm kernel shell and coconut shell as carburizers for low carbon steel at 950oC on the tensile properties and case hardness was studied. The carburizers were washed, dried, milled and sieved to 150µm particle size. They were mixed in various compositions to serve as carburizers. In each composition, 20wt% of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was added as energizer. Tensile and hardness specimens were machined from low carbon steel. Seven tensile and seven hardness specimens were subjected to pack carburization process with different compositions of the carburizers, and thereafter quenched and tempered at 450oC for forty five minutes in a heat treatment furnace. The tensile and hardness properties show that better properties were obtained with mixtures of the carburizers compared to the use of single carburizing agent.

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