scholarly journals EKSPLORASI DAN KARAKTERISASI CENDAWAN TANAH PADA RIZOSFER SAWI

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Hary Pudjiwati ◽  
Nur Faradila Sari ◽  
Jamaludin Jamaludin
Keyword(s):  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Soil Fungus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Chitin Hydrolysis ◽  
Phosphate Dissolution ◽  
Different Characteristics

ABSTRACTSoil fungis are one of the soil microbes that can be beneficial or detrimental to plants, so they play an important rolein agriculture. This study aims to determine the abundance and characterization of soil fungi in the rhizosphere ofmustard greens. Isolation and identification of soil fungus was carried out in the Pest and Disease Laboratory of theFaculty of Agriculture, University of Borneo Tarakan. The fungus was characterized macroscopically andmicroscopically, and the pathogenicity test, phosphate dissolution activity test, proteolytic activity test and chitinhydrolysis test were carried out. The results of the study obtained 34 fungus colonies. Based on the phenotypiccharacteristics there were 9 fungi isolates with different characteristics, 4 isolates from 9 isolates were non-pathogenic.In non-pathogenic fungi isolates, 2 genera were obtained, namely genus Phialophora sp. and Paecilomyces sp. Thereare non-pathogenic fungus isolates that have proteolytic activity and chitin hydrolysis so that it has the potential as abiological fertilizer and biological agentKeywords: Soil fungis, rhizosphere, characterization  ABSTRAK  Cendawan tanah merupakan salah satu mikrobia tanah yang dapat bersifat menguntungkan atau merugikan bagitanaman, sehingga berperan penting dalam bidang pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelimpahandan karakterisasi cendawan tanah di daerah rizosfer sawi.  Isolasi dan identifikasi cendawan tanah dilakukan diLaboratorum Hama dan Penyakit Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Borneo Tarakan. Cendawan tanah dikarakterisasisecara makroskopis dan mikroskopis, dan dilakukan uji patogenesitas, uji aktivitas melarutkan fosfat, uji aktivitasproteolitik dan uji hidrolisis kitin. Hasil penelitian diperoleh 34 koloni cendawan. Berdasarkan karakteristik fenotipterdapat 9 isolat cendawan dengan karakteristik yang berbeda, 4 isolat dari 9 isolat bersifat non patogen.  Pada isolatcendawan yang non patogenik, diperoleh 2 genus yaitu genus Phialophora sp. dan Paecilomyces sp. Isolat cendawannon patogenik yang diperoleh ada yang memiliki  aktivitas proteolitik dan hidrolisis kitin sehingga berpotensi sebagaipupuk hayati dan agens hayati.  Kata kunci: Cendawan tanah, rizosfer, karakterisasi

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Ssome Lactobacillus Spp. Bacteria and Evaluation Their Efficacy in The Management of Damping off Disease on Peas

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012106
Author(s):  
Duha Faisal Ajaj ◽  
Abdullah Abdulkarim Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp ◽  
Significant Superiority

Abstract Twenty-eight isolates of Lactobacillus bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere of pea plants grown in the fields of five districts in Salah al-Din, which included: Tikrit, Al-Alam, Al-Sharqat, Samarra and Baiji, diagnosed according to phenotypic and biochemical tests. Results showed the effect of L. paralimentarius 1081 on vegetative growth characteristics. Treatment of (bacterial filtrate + Ridomil in the presence of pathogenic fungi) was recording the highest values in dry weight of the vegetative and root systems, was 3.91 and 1.23 g respectively in the local cultivar, compared with the lowest values was 2.60 g and 0.76 g respectively in the Syrian cultivar. All treatments inducing plant resistance compared with healthy plants, and the highest activity of the Peroxidase and Polyphenol oxides in the treatment of (Bacterial filtrate + ridomil in the presence of pathogenic fungi), were 1.08 and 1.33 units/ml in the local cultivar, compared to the Syrian cultivar were 0.015 and 0.013, respectively. Results showed a significant decrease in the severity of infection for all treatments compared to the pathogenic fungus treatment, and the lowest infection severity of the vegetative and root systems was recorded in the treatment of (Bacterial filtrate + ridomil in the presence of pathogenic fungi), which was 14.11 and 12.47% in the local cultivar. There was a significant superiority of all treatments in productivity parameters of pea compared to the treatment of pathogenic fungi only, the highest of those parameters including weight of pods and grains weight/plant were recorded in the treatment (Bacterial filtrate + ridomil in the presence of pathogenic fungi) for the local cultivar was 18.07 g and 14.04 g compared to 10.43 g and 8.20 g in the treatment of the Syrian cultivar with pathogenic fungi only.

scholarly journals Inactivation of the Catalytic Subunit of cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase A Causes Delayed Appressorium Formation and Reduced Pathogenicity ofColletotrichum gloeosporioides

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Puji Priyatno ◽  
Farah Diba Abu Bakar ◽  
Nurhaida Kamaruddin ◽  
Nor Muhammad Mahadi ◽  
Abdul Munir Abdul Murad
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Protein Kinase A ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Catalytic Subunit ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Camp Dependent Protein Kinase ◽  
Dependent Protein ◽  
Kinase A

The cyclic AMP- (cAMP-) dependent protein kinase A signaling pathway is one of the major signaling pathways responsible for regulation of the morphogenesis and pathogenesis of several pathogenic fungi. To evaluate the role of this pathway in the plant pathogenic fungus,Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the gene encoding the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase A,CgPKAC, was cloned, inactivated, and the mutant was analyzed. Analysis of theCgpkacmutant generated via gene replacement showed that the mutants were able to form appressoria; however, their formation was delayed compared to the wild type. In addition, the mutant conidia underwent bipolar germination after appressoria formation, but no appressoria were generated from the second germ tube. The mutants also showed reduced ability to adhere to a hydrophobic surface and to degrade lipids localized in the appressoria. Based on the number of lesions produced during a pathogenicity test, the mutant’s ability to cause disease in healthy mango fruits was reduced, which may be due to failure to penetrate into the fruit. These findings indicate that cAMP-dependent protein kinase A has an important role in regulating morphogenesis and is required for pathogenicity ofC. gloeosporioides.

Glycoconjugates on the surface of spores of the pathogenic fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi studied using fluorescence and electron microscopy and flow cytometry

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Hardham ◽  
E. Suzaki
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Cell Surface ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Surface Flow ◽  
Soybean Agglutinin ◽  
Binding Material

Glycoconjugates on the surface of zoospores and cysts of the pathogenic fungus Phytophthora cinnamomi have been studied using fluorescein isothiocyanate labelled lectins for fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry, and ferritin- and gold-labelled lectins for ultrastructural analysis. Of the five lectins used, only concanavalin A (ConA) binds to the surface of the zoospores, including the flagella and water expulsion vacuole. This suggests that of accessible saccharides, glucosyl or mannosyl residues predominate on the outer surface of the zoospore plasma membrane. Early in encystment, a system of flat disc-like cisternae, which underlie the zoospore plasma membrane, vesiculate. These and other small peripheral vesicles quickly disappear. After the induction of encystment, ConA is no longer localised close to the plasma membrane but binds to material loosely associated with the cell surface. Quantitative measurements by flow cytometry indicate that the ConA-binding material is gradually lost from the cell surface. The cyst wall is weakly labelled, but the site of germ tube emergence stains intensely. During the first 2 min after the induction of encystment, material that binds soybean agglutinin, Helix pommatia agglutinin, and peanut agglutinin appears on the surface of the fungal cells. The distribution of this material, rich in galactosyl or N-acetyl-D-galactosaminosyl residues, is initially patchy, but by 5 min the material evenly coats most of the cell surface. Labelling of zoospores in which intracellular sites are accessible indicates that the soybean agglutinin binding material is stored in vesicles that lie beneath the plasma membrane. Quantitation of soybean agglutinin labelling shows that maximum binding occurs 2–3 min after the induction of encystment. Key words: cell surface, flow cytometry, lectins, pathogenic fungi, Phytophthora cinnamomi.

scholarly journals Insect herbivory facilitates the establishment of an invasive plant pathogen

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin M. Gossner ◽  
Ludwig Beenken ◽  
Kirstin Arend ◽  
Dominik Begerow ◽  
Derek Peršoh
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Feeding Activity ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPlants can be severely affected by insect herbivores and phytopathogenic fungi, but interactions between these plant antagonists are poorly understood. We analysed the impact of feeding damage by the abundant herbivore Orchestes fagi on infection rates of beech (Fagus sylvatica) leaves with Petrakia liobae, an invasive plant pathogenic fungus. The fungus was not detected in hibernating beetles, indicating that O. fagi does not serve as vector for P. liobae, at least not between growing seasons. Abundance of the fungus in beech leaves increased with feeding damage of the beetle and this relationship was stronger for sun-exposed than for shaded leaves. A laboratory experiment revealed sun-exposed leaves to have thicker cell walls and to be more resistant to pathogen infection than shaded leaves. Mechanical damage significantly increased frequency and size of necroses in the sun, but not in shade leaves. Our findings indicate that feeding damage of adult beetles provides entry ports for fungal colonization by removal of physical barriers and thus promotes infection success by pathogenic fungi. Feeding activity by larvae probably provides additional nutrient sources or eases access to substrates for the necrotrophic fungus. Our study exemplifies that invasive pathogens may benefit from herbivore activity, which may challenge forest health in light of climate change.

scholarly journals Morphological and Molecular Diversity of Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) Pathogenic Fungi in Chilga District, North Gondar, Ethiopia

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefinew Tilahun ◽  
Marye Alemu ◽  
Mesfin Tsegaw ◽  
Nega Berhane
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Infected Plant ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Diseased Plant

Ginger diseases caused by fungal pathogens have become one of the most serious problems causing reduced production around the world. It has also caused a major problem among farmers in different parts of Ethiopia resulting in a huge decline in rhizome yield. However, the exact causative agents of this disease have not been identified in the state. Although there are few studies related to pathogenic fungus identification, molecular level identification of fungal pathogen was not done in the area. Therefore, this study was undertaken to isolate and characterized the fungal causative agent of ginger disease from the diseased plant and the soil samples collected around the diseased plant from Chilga district, Gondar, Ethiopia. Samples from infected ginger plants and the soil around the infected plant were collected. Culturing and purification of isolates were made using Potato Dextrose Agar supplemented with antibacterial agent chloramphenicol. The morphological characterization was done by structural identification of the isolates under the microscope using lactophenol cotton blue stains. Isolated fungi were cultured and molecular identification was done using an internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of ribosomal DNA (rDNA). A total of 15 fungal morphotypes including 11 Aspergillus spp. (73.3%), 2 Penicillium spp. (13.3%), and single uncultured fungus clone S23 were isolated from the samples representing all the plant organs and the soil. Aspergillus spp. (73.3%) was the most common and seems to be the major causative agent. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of ginger pathogenic fungi in Ethiopia identified using ITS rDNA molecular techniques. This study will lay foundation for the development of management strategies for fungal diseases infecting ginger.

scholarly journals Structure and inhibition of Cryptococcus neoformans sterylglucosidase to develop antifungal agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nivea Pereira de Sa ◽  
Adam Taouil ◽  
Jinwoo Kim ◽  
Timothy Clement ◽  
Reece M. Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Growth Defect ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Heavy Burden

AbstractPathogenic fungi exhibit a heavy burden on medical care and new therapies are needed. Here, we develop the fungal specific enzyme sterylglucosidase 1 (Sgl1) as a therapeutic target. Sgl1 converts the immunomodulatory glycolipid ergosterol 3β-D-glucoside to ergosterol and glucose. Previously, we found that genetic deletion of Sgl1 in the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans (Cn) results in ergosterol 3β-D-glucoside accumulation, renders Cn non-pathogenic, and immunizes mice against secondary infections by wild-type Cn, even in condition of CD4+ T cell deficiency. Here, we disclose two distinct chemical classes that inhibit Sgl1 function in vitro and in Cn cells. Pharmacological inhibition of Sgl1 phenocopies a growth defect of the Cn Δsgl1 mutant and prevents dissemination of wild-type Cn to the brain in a mouse model of infection. Crystal structures of Sgl1 alone and with inhibitors explain Sgl1’s substrate specificity and enable the rational design of antifungal agents targeting Sgl1.

scholarly journals IDENTIFIKASI DAN UJI PATOGENISITAS CENDAWAN ENTOMOPATOGEN LOKAL TERHADAP Leptocorisa oratorius

EUGENIA ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmy Senewe ◽  
Guntur Manengkey
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Pathogenicity Tests ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
White Mycelium ◽  
Fusarium Sp ◽  
Leptocorisa Oratorius

ABSTRACT Leptocorisa oratorius is one major pest of rice in North Sulawesi. Hence, it is necessary to control the pest. The research objective was to identify and to test pathogenicity of local  entomopathogen fungi which infected  Leptocorisa oratorius. The pathogens were collected through sampling of L. oratorius which had been infected by the fungi in the field. The pathogenic fungi was isolated using PDA medium, identified followed by inoculation for pathogenecity test.  During several sampling pest, it was found that  L. oratorius was attacked by fungal pathogens in the field. The identification revelead that the fungal pathogens were Beauveria sp and Fusarium sp. Both the fungal pathogen produced white mycelium and could only be distinguished using microscope in the laboratory. Result of pathogenicity tests showed that the two fungal pathogens caused different mortality of the L. oratorius. Mortality of  L. oratorius caused by pathogenic fungus Beauveria sp was  30.3% . Whereas, mortality of  L. oratorius caused by Fusarium sp was only 3.33%. Keywords : pathogenic fungi, entomopathogen, pathogenicity tests, L. oratorius

Differential soil fungus accumulation and density dependence of trees in a subtropical forest

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6461) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Chen ◽  
Nathan G. Swenson ◽  
Niuniu Ji ◽  
Xiangcheng Mi ◽  
Haibao Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Soil Fungus ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Subtropical Forest ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Accumulation Rates ◽  
Community Data ◽  
Negative Density Dependence

The mechanisms underlying interspecific variation in conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD) are poorly understood. Using a multilevel modeling approach, we combined long-term seedling demographic data from a subtropical forest plot with soil fungal community data by means of DNA sequencing to address the feedback of various guilds of soil fungi on the density dependence of trees. We show that mycorrhizal type mediates tree neighborhood interactions at the community level, and much of the interspecific variation in CNDD is explained by how tree species differ in their fungal density accumulation rates as they grow. Species with higher accumulation rates of pathogenic fungi suffered more from CNDD, whereas species with lower CNDD had higher accumulation rates of ectomycorrhizal fungi, suggesting that mutualistic and pathogenic fungi play important but opposing roles.

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